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Author: Josef Syka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387231811
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
The symposium that has provided the basis for this book, "Plasticity of the Central Auditory System and Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals" was held in Prague on July 7-10, 2003. This is the fourth in a series of seminal meetings summarizing the state of development of auditory system neuroscience that has been organized in that great world city. Books that have resulted from these meetings represent important benchmarks for auditory neuroscience over the past 25 years. A 1980 meeting, "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" hosted the most distinguished hearing researchers focusing on underlying brain processes from this era. It resulted in a highly influential and widely subscribed and cited proceedings co-edited by professor Lindsay Aitkin. The subject of the 1987 meeting was the "Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function". It again resulted in another important update of hearing science research in a widely referenced book - edited by the late Bruce Masterton. While the original plan was to hold a meeting summarizing the state of auditory system neuroscience every 7 years, historical events connected with the disintegration of the Soviet Empire and return of freedom to Czechoslovakia resulted in an unavoidable delay of what was planned to be a 1994 meeting. It wasn't until 1996 that we were able to meet for the third time in Prague, at that time to review "Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System".
Author: Josef Syka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387231811
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Get Book Here
Book Description
The symposium that has provided the basis for this book, "Plasticity of the Central Auditory System and Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals" was held in Prague on July 7-10, 2003. This is the fourth in a series of seminal meetings summarizing the state of development of auditory system neuroscience that has been organized in that great world city. Books that have resulted from these meetings represent important benchmarks for auditory neuroscience over the past 25 years. A 1980 meeting, "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" hosted the most distinguished hearing researchers focusing on underlying brain processes from this era. It resulted in a highly influential and widely subscribed and cited proceedings co-edited by professor Lindsay Aitkin. The subject of the 1987 meeting was the "Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function". It again resulted in another important update of hearing science research in a widely referenced book - edited by the late Bruce Masterton. While the original plan was to hold a meeting summarizing the state of auditory system neuroscience every 7 years, historical events connected with the disintegration of the Soviet Empire and return of freedom to Czechoslovakia resulted in an unavoidable delay of what was planned to be a 1994 meeting. It wasn't until 1996 that we were able to meet for the third time in Prague, at that time to review "Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System".
Author: Josef Syka
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387502526
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The symposium that has provided the basis for this book, "Plasticity of the Central Auditory System and Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals" was held in Prague on July 7-10, 2003. This is the fourth in a series of seminal meetings summarizing the state of development of auditory system neuroscience that has been organized in that great world city. Books that have resulted from these meetings represent important benchmarks for auditory neuroscience over the past 25 years. A 1980 meeting, "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" hosted the most distinguished hearing researchers focusing on underlying brain processes from this era. It resulted in a highly influential and widely subscribed and cited proceedings co-edited by professor Lindsay Aitkin. The subject of the 1987 meeting was the "Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function". It again resulted in another important update of hearing science research in a widely referenced book - edited by the late Bruce Masterton. While the original plan was to hold a meeting summarizing the state of auditory system neuroscience every 7 years, historical events connected with the disintegration of the Soviet Empire and return of freedom to Czechoslovakia resulted in an unavoidable delay of what was planned to be a 1994 meeting. It wasn't until 1996 that we were able to meet for the third time in Prague, at that time to review "Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System".
Author: Thomas N. Parks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475742193
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
The auditory system has a remarkable ability to adjust to an ever-changing environment. The six review chapters that comprise Plasticity of the Central Auditory System cover a spectrum of issues concerning this ability to adapt, defined by the widely applicable term "plasticity". With chapters focusing on the development of the cochlear nucleus, the mammalian superior olivary complex, plasticity in binaural hearing, plasticity in the auditory cortex, neural plasticity in bird songs, and plasticity in the insect auditory system, this volume represents much of the most current research in this field. The volume is thorough enough to stand alone, but is closely related a previous SHAR volume, Development of the Auditory System (Volume 9) by Rubel, Popper, and Fay. The book fully addresses the difficulties, challenges, and complexities of this topic as it applies to the auditory development of a wide variety of species.
Author: Emily Coffey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"The human auditory system is made up of a network of processing centres in the brainstem, thalamus, and cortex, which in turn interact with higher-level functions and the sensory and motor systems. Although the coordinated activity of the entire ensemble is responsible for human auditory perception and behaviour, it has been suggested that the fidelity with which important features of sound are encoded and processed in early auditory areas may place limitations on system performance on auditory tasks. In this thesis, we address a set of research questions within the theme of relationships between early sound encoding and higher-level cognitive function, and their respective neural correlates. Throughout these studies, our primary focus is on temporal encoding of periodic sound, as measured using the frequency following response (FFR), an evoked response that has typically been studied using electroencephalography (EEG) and has been related to individual differences in perception and pathology of the auditory system, is malleable to musical and linguistic training, and can be modulated by top-down factors like attention. This dissertation comprises four studies. In the first study, we recorded FFR using magnetoencephalography (MEG) for the first time and used source modelling to clarify its generators. In addition to confirming sources in brainstem nuclei and thalamus, we found a right-lateralized contribution to the FFR from the auditory cortex, which proved to be behaviourally relevant as it was significantly related to musicianship and fine pitch discrimination skills. In the second study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to validate the neural correlates of FFR encoding strength in the cortex and dissociate the right-lateralized FFR-sensitive area from a left-lateralized area of auditory cortex that is sensitive to onset latency. These findings corroborate theories of hemispheric specialization in auditory signal processing. In the third study, we turned our attention to individual differences in periodic sound representation as measured with EEG-FFR and examined their relation to pitch perception and pitch computation. We found that FFR-f0 strength was related to a bias towards perceiving the missing fundamental, which was in turn related to measures of musicianship, and showed that pitch perception mode can be brought under voluntary control, which also affects the FFR-f0 strength in a top-down fashion. In the fourth study, we examined individual differences in periodicity encoding as they relate to speech-in-noise perception abilities, a task for which pitch cues are important and that is thought to be enhanced by music training. We presented further evidence of a musician advantage to a current debate, and added spatial information available via MEG distributed source modelling to show that speech-in-noise performance is correlated with FFR strength in both subcortical and cortical structures. In the experimental work presented in this thesis, we made several contributions to fundamental auditory neuroscience and its methods by clarifying the neural origins of a commonly studied measure of fine periodic encoding, its behavioural meaning, and sources of individual variability. We explored its relationship to long-term training, and to cortical function and structure, using EEG, MEG, fMRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging. We also took several steps towards elucidating if and how better quality periodic sound encoding might result in better behavioural performance on complex tasks, particularly speech-in-noise perception. Together, this work improves our understanding of individual differences in periodic sound representation and how it influences complex behaviour. The conclusions in turn may inform strategies for optimizing and remediating faulty auditory system components, via training." --
Author: David Poeppel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461423139
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Author: Nina Kraus
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331947944X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This volume will cover a variety of topics, including child language development; hearing loss; listening in noise; statistical learning; poverty; auditory processing disorder; cochlear neuropathy; attention; and aging. It will appeal broadly to auditory scientists—and in fact, any scientist interested in the biology of human communication and learning. The range of the book highlights the interdisciplinary series of questions that are pursued using the auditory frequency-following response and will accordingly attract a wide and diverse readership, while remaining a lasting resource for the field.
Author: Manuel S. Malmierca
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780123668714
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
All natural auditory signals, including human speech and animal communication signals, are spectrally and temporally complex, that is, they contain multiple frequencies and their frequency composition, or spectrum, varies over time. The ability of hearers to identify and localize these signals depends on analysis of their spectral composition. For the overwhelming majority of human listeners spoken language is the major means of social communication, and this communication therefore depends on spectral analysis. Spectral analysis begins in the cochlea, but is then elaborated at various stages along the auditory pathways in the brain that lead from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. The broad purpose of Auditory Spectral Processing is to provide a comprehensive account of the way in which spectral information is processed in the brain and the way in which this information is used by listeners to identify and localize sounds. Examines spectral processing mechanisms at different levels along the auditory neuraxis, from the cochlear nucleus to the cortex Reviews in detail psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence on the way in which spectral information is processed within and across frequency channels Presents information on the nature of the spectral information required for speech and music perception Examines a series of issues that relate to the role of spectral analysis in higher order/cognitive aspects of hearing and in clinical and applied contexts
Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441900748
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 711
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Book Description
There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Author: Yale E. Cohen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146142349X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation to an even more abstract representation that integrates memory stores with semantic/referential information. Finally, this complex, abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition. Since the early 1990s, there has been a re-birth of studies that test the neural correlates of auditory cognition with a unique emphasis on the use of awake, behaving animals as model. Continuing today, how and where in the brain neural correlates of auditory cognition are formed is an intensive and active area of research. Importantly, our understanding of the role that the cortex plays in hearing has the potential to impact the next generation of cochlear- and brainstem-auditory implants and consequently help those with hearing impairments. Thus, it is timely to produce a volume that brings together this exciting literature on the neural correlates of auditory cognition. This volume compliments and extends many recent SHAR volumes such as Sound Source Localization (2005) Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (2007), and Human Auditory Cortex (2010). For example, in many of these volumes, similar issues are discussed such as auditory-object identification and perception with different emphases: in Auditory Perception of Sound Sources, authors discuss the underlying psychophysics/behavior, whereas in the Human Auditory Cortex, fMRI data are presented. The unique contribution of the proposed volume is that the authors will integrate both of these factors to highlight the neural correlates of cognition/behavior. Moreover, unlike other these other volumes, the neurophysiological data will emphasize the exquisite spatial and temporal resolution of single-neuron [as opposed to more coarse fMRI or MEG data] responses in order to reveal the elegant representations and computations used by the nervous system.
Author: Daniel Philip Knudsen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303175633
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
The brain's representation of the auditory world is not static, but changes based on an animal's history and current goals. We explored experience-dependent changes in both behavioral and neural representations of behaviorally relevant auditory stimuli in the caudal a secondary auditory fore brainregion, in European starlings. To accomplish this, we first designed and built a system that facilitated simultaneous neural and behavioral recording, allowing--for the first time--neural responses to be recorded while birds performed auditory-mediated operant tasks. We found that when birds were engaged in an auditory task, neurons had more information in their stimulus-driven firing rates about the task-relevant stimulus classes than when birds were not engaged in the task. We also trained birds to quickly learn novel stimulus classifications and showed that neural responses change over the course of learning. For most neurons, stimulus-driven neural responses decreased with learning, and they did so most strongly for the newly learned stimuli. We suggest that these effects may be due in part to stimulus-specific adaptation, and its modulation by behavioral state. We also observed the formation of task-dependent firing rate modulation with learning. These results highlight the plasticity of the avian auditory system, and further our understanding of the way that nervous systems adapt to the changing environment and behavioral goals of an organism.
