Plant-Aphid-Natural Enemy Relations and Intraguild Interaction PDF Download
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Author: Ammar Alhmedi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659107788
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
To promote the perennial and ubiquitous stinging nettle as a profitable source for aphid management programs in agro-ecosystems, it is of primary importance that the diversity and seasonal abundance of aphids and their natural enemies are known. For this purpose, agricultural and semi-natural habitats were investigated over two full cropping seasons in Gembloux, Belgium. Our field data support the strategies aimed to exploit stinging nettle habitats as important reservoir for aphidophagous insects that tended to occur early on this marginal plant, before attacking aphids in adjacent field crops. Moreover, our findings suggest that stinging nettle habitat offers many important requisites for the survival of natural enemies, such as alternative prey that are not available persistently in annual cultures. Our data on the spatial distribution of aphid predators have identified varied influences, such as the food preferences and intraguild interactions. For natural enemy population management, promising results were obtained from our behavioural bioassays. As a conclusion, stinging nettles can play important roles in agro-ecosystems.
Author: Ammar Alhmedi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659107788
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Get Book Here
Book Description
To promote the perennial and ubiquitous stinging nettle as a profitable source for aphid management programs in agro-ecosystems, it is of primary importance that the diversity and seasonal abundance of aphids and their natural enemies are known. For this purpose, agricultural and semi-natural habitats were investigated over two full cropping seasons in Gembloux, Belgium. Our field data support the strategies aimed to exploit stinging nettle habitats as important reservoir for aphidophagous insects that tended to occur early on this marginal plant, before attacking aphids in adjacent field crops. Moreover, our findings suggest that stinging nettle habitat offers many important requisites for the survival of natural enemies, such as alternative prey that are not available persistently in annual cultures. Our data on the spatial distribution of aphid predators have identified varied influences, such as the food preferences and intraguild interactions. For natural enemy population management, promising results were obtained from our behavioural bioassays. As a conclusion, stinging nettles can play important roles in agro-ecosystems.
Author: Raymond D. Eikenbary
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Author: Julian Chen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832542948
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are one of the most important and destructive agriculture pests causing serious economic losses by both nutrient robbing and transmitting plant viruses. 100 species of Aphididae have exploited the agricultural environment successfully to the extent that they are of significant economic importance, among them 15 aphid species of most agricultural importance. Aphids are piecing-sucking insect pests with the mouthparts (stylets) to penetrate plant cells to feed phloem sap from sieve elements. The feeding process of aphids is similar to pathogen infestation, and plenty of evidence demonstrate that the interplay between aphid and host plants follows the pathogen-plant Zigzag model. During the process of probing and feeding, aphids, like plant pathogens, secreted some salivary proteins as effectors (or elicitors) into their host plants cell intercellularly and intracellularly to mediate aphid-plant interactions, such as eliciting or suppressing plant defense responses. Aphids also vector plant viruses, and the relationship between each organismal pair affects the overall outcome of this biological interaction. Aphids contained endosymbionts, and the symbionts influence interaction between the aphids and their host plants and between aphids and their natural enemies, further impacting this network of biological interactions. Advances in understanding aphids biology, and these interactions at the physiological, molecular, and ecological levels will provide fundamental knowledge, and develop novel green control strategies for insect pests as well as vector pathogens.
Author: Helmut F van Emden
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780647093
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
Aphids are among the major global pest groups, causing serious economic damage to many food and commodity crops in most parts of the world. This revision and update of the well-received first edition published ten years ago reflects the expansion of research in genomics, endosymbionts and semiochemicals, as well as the shift from control of aphids with insecticides to a more integrated approach imposed by increasing resistance in the aphids and government restrictions on pesticides. The book remains a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on the biology of aphids, the various methods of controlling them and the progress of integrated pest management as illustrated by ten case histories.
Author: A. K. Minks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aphididae
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012803324X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Insect-Plant Interactions, the latest edition in the Advances in Botanical Research series, which publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in the plant sciences, features several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, and ecology. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Presents the latest information on artificial photosynthesis Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, and ecology
Author: Jacques Brodeur
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402047673
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
This volume explores modern concepts of trophic and guild interactions among natural enemies in natural and agricultural ecosystems - a field that has become a hot topic in ecology and biological control over the past decade. It is the first book on trophic and guild interactions to make the link to biological control, and is compiled by internationally recognized scientists who have combined their expertise.
Author: Jonathan G. Lundgren
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402092350
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Feeding on Non-Prey Resources by Natural Enemies Moshe Coll Reports on the consumption of non-prey food sources, particularly plant materials, by predators and parasitoids are common throughout the literature (reviewed recently by Naranjo and Gibson 1996, Coll 1998a, Coll and Guershon, 2002). Predators belonging to a variety of orders and families are known to feed on pollen and nectar, and adult parasitoids acquire nutrients from honeydew and floral and extrafloral nectar. A recent publication by Wäckers et al. (2005) discusses the p- visioning of plant resources to natural enemies from the perspective of the plant, exploring the evolutionary possibility that plants enhance their defenses by recru- ing enemies to food sources. The present volume, in contrast, presents primarily the enemies’ perspective, and as such is the first comprehensive review of the nut- tional importance of non-prey foods for insect predators and parasitoids. Although the ecological significance of feeding on non-prey foods has long been underappreciated, attempts have been made to manipulate nectar and pollen ava- ability in crop fields in order to enhance levels of biological pest control by natural enemies (van Emden, 1965; Hagen, 1986; Coll, 1998a). The importance of n- prey foods for the management of pest populations is also discussed in the book.
Author: Pedro Barbosa
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199874549
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book addresses the fundamental issues of predator-prey interactions, with an emphasis on predation among arthropods, which have been better studied, and for which the database is more extensive than for the large and rare vertebrate predators. The book should appeal to ecologists interested in the broad issue of predation effects on communities.
Author: Sarwan Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Aphids are important herbivores and important pest of many field and forest crops. They have specialized long and flexible stylets which are adapted to feeding on phloem sap. To establish successful feeding on host plant, they need to counter a range of both physical and chemical defenses. The defenses employed by plants can have direct effect on the aphid species through difficulty in establishing successful feeding due to the presence of trichomes, thick cell wall, etc. or effect on their biology with lethal consequences in extreme cases (direct defenses). In contrast to this, plants can attract natural enemies of aphids through the release of volatile compounds (the so-called ,Äúcry or call for help,Äù) (indirect defense). The information on different defense strategies employed by plants can be utilized to enhance the level of resistance (R) to develop sustainable pest management strategies.
