Vascular Biology of the Placenta PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Vascular Biology of the Placenta PDF full book. Access full book title Vascular Biology of the Placenta by Yuping Wang. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Yuping Wang
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047514
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Author: Yuping Wang
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047514
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Author: R.K. Miller
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461581095
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 365
Get Book Here
Book Description
The optimal function of the placenta and thus fetal well being largely depends upon the integrity of both the fetal and maternal circulations of the placenta. Intense basic research concerned with placental vascularization and blood flow has been performed for the past 30 years, beginning with the classical morphological descriptions of the placental vessels by Boe (1953) and Arts (1961), as well as with the radioangiographic studies of maternal placental circulation in the human by Borell (1958) and in the rhesus monkey by Ramsey (1962). The scientific framework presented by these investigators has been filled and completed by numerous investigators, leading to more morphological details, functional considerations, and pathological understanding. For an extended period of time, this research has been of primarily academic interest by increasing our insights into one important system of the placenta, yet having nearly no practical importance. Recently, this situation has changed dramatically: in vitro studies of the isolated, dually perfused human placenta and in vivo studies of placental circulation for diagnostic purposes have raised an enormous interest in basic research data. New methods like Doppler Ultrasound and NMR became available. These technics have enabled the obstetrician to study fetal and placental hemodynamics in vivo. Meanwhile, such methods are becoming incorporated into the daily obstetrical routine, to some degree without an adequate background knowledge of placental vascularization and blood flow, since such experience is currently available to only a small group of experts.
Author: R. K. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461581109
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Robert Pijnenborg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139488686
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 325
Get Book Here
Book Description
It is now recognized that defective placentation in the human is a cause of many pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor and delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death and abruptio placenta. These clinical disorders can often have long-term consequences into adulthood, causing cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes for the newborn as well as an increased risk of premature death in the mother. This is the first book to be entirely focused on the placental bed, bringing together the results of basic and clinical research in cell biology, immunology, endocrinology, pathology, genetics and imaging to consolidate in a single, informative source for investigators and clinicians. Its core aim is to explore new approaches and improve current clinical practice. This is essential reading for clinicians in obstetric, cardiovascular and reproductive medicine.
Author: Kristy Red-Horse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta induces important vascular changes in the uterus during pregnancy that allow the mother to adequately support growth and development of the embryo/fetus. Specifically, the uterine vasculature must incorporate the placenta into the maternal circulation facilitating mechanical attachment and nutrient/waste exchange. As they invade the uterine wall, placental cytotrophoblasts remodel resident blood vessels in a manner that channels maternal blood to and from the placenta. Although both sides of the circulation are involved in this process, remodeling is biased towards uterine spiral arterioles. An ultrastructural (scanning electron microscopy) study that was completed as a part of this thesis dramatically illustrates the unusual nature of this process.
Author: Stephen E. Lapinsky
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108168795
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 261
Get Book Here
Book Description
Respiratory diseases affect a large proportion of the population and can cause complications when associated with pregnancy. Pregnancy induces profound anatomical and functional physiological changes in the mother, and subjects the mother to pregnancy-specific respiratory conditions. Reviewing respiratory conditions both specific and non-specific to pregnancy, the book also addresses related issues such as smoking and mechanical ventilation. Basic concepts for the obstetrician are covered, including patient history, physiology and initial examinations. Topics such as physiological changes during pregnancy and placental gas exchange are discussed for the non-obstetrician. Guidance is practical, covering antenatal and post-partum care, as well as management in the delivery suite. An essential guide to respiratory diseases in pregnancy, this book is indispensable to both obstetricians and non-obstetric physicians managing pregnant patients.
Author: Vicki Clark
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198713339
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1017
Get Book Here
Book Description
This textbook provides an up-to-date summary of the scientific basis, assessment for and provision of anaesthesia throughout pregnancy and labour. It is divided into nine sections including physiology, assessment, complications and systemic disease.
Author: Graham J. Burton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139494228
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 267
Get Book Here
Book Description
Developmental programming is a rapidly advancing discipline of great importance to basic scientists and health professionals alike. This text integrates, for the first time, contributions from world experts to explore the role of the placenta in developmental programming. The book considers the materno-fetal supply line, and how perturbations of placental development impact on its functional capacity. Chapters examine ways in which environmental, immunological and vascular insults regulate expression of conventional and imprinted genes, along with their impact on placental shape and size, transport, metabolism and endocrine function. Research in animal models is integrated with human clinical and epidemiological data, and questions for future research are identified. Transcripts of discussions between the authors allow readers to engage with controversial issues. Essential reading for researchers in placental biology and developmental programming, as well as specialists and trainees in the wider field of reproductive medicine.
Author: Win Min Tun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fetus
Languages : en
Pages : 223
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta is an essential organ for a successful pregnancy as it develops to establish effective fetal and maternal blood supplies and materno-fetal gas exchange, both of which are crucial for fetal growth. Abnormal development of the structural components of the placenta are known to be associated with pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and pre-eclampsia. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand how the placental structural aberrations observed in FGR pregnancies impact placental haemodynamics and materno-fetal gas exchange. In order to accomplish this aim, both in silico and in vitro experimental models are employed to analyse the interactions between placental structure and function in normal and FGR pregnancies.The thesis commences with an in silico study which aims to predict how the structure of the placenta impacts on the mechanical shear stress sensed by endothelial cells that form the walls of placental capillaries. A computational model of feto-placental circulation,with structure parameterised with previously published morphometric data from normal and FGR pregnancies, was used to predict placental microvascular blood flow and shear stress in normal and FGR placentae. The model predicts an elevated microvascular shear stress in FGR placentae in comparison to normal placentae and that the main parameters influencing the elevated shear stress in FGR placentae are placental volume, vascular density, radius and length of individual vascular branches. Shear stress cannot be directly measured in vivo, however, the anatomical model of the placenta considered here provides the first predictions of the magnitude and distribution of shear stress in normal and FGR placentae. The next step is to determine whether this mechanical stress can impact on endothelial cell behaviours. Using an in vitro shear stress experiment, the predicted placental microvascular shear stresses were applied to vascular endothelial cells. These endothelial cells migrated more slowly and more persistently when they were exposed to the shear stresses of FGR conditions, suggesting that normal function of endothelial cells is impaired in FGR placentae, compromising the process of blood vessel formation. We, therefore, propose a vicious cycle in FGR pregnancy, where the elevated shear stress resulting from abnormal vascular structure undermines blood vessel formation, aggravating pre-existing vascular structure abnormalities. The morphology based feto-placental haemodynamic model is extended in two ways. First the model is extended to provide a complete model of the entire fetal circulation. This allows prediction of scenarios relevant to fetal survival in a multi-scale approach, including the interaction between fetal blood pressures, cardiac output and the shear stress in the placental capillaries. Using data from the literature we explore the impact of placental resistance due to structural abnormalities on fetal cardiac function. Then, we take steps toward a personalised approach to modelling the feto-placental circulation by analysing the chorionic vascular network in normal and FGR placentae. We confirm that this network contributes to overall placental resistance in individuals, and quantify how the characteristics of this network impact on placental function in FGR. Finally, in order to understand how the placental villous structure affects on placental exchange function, a 3D computational model of placenta representing the whole organ has been developed. Normal and FGR villous structure were parameterised as reported in previous morphometric studies. The reduced villous density in FGR placentae negatively impacts the maternal blood flow velocity into intervillous space (IVS), resulting in impaired materno-fetal gas exchange and fetal growth.This thesis demonstrates the influence of placental villous and vascular structure on placental vascular shear stress and materno-fetal oxygen exchange, and contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal growth in FGR pregnancies. It provides a concept that the in vivo physiological data, that are difficult to assess, could be predicted by developing a replica of biological system computationally.
Author: C. Redman
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9780632027217
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 608
Get Book Here
Book Description
The placenta is fascinating and complex. Basically foreign to the maternal body, it can be thought of as an organ transplanted onto the mother's host tissue. As such it embodies all the principles of tissue acceptance and rejection. Many of the risks of pregnancy and labor have now been eliminated and the placenta is likely to be at the root of many of the dangers to the unborn child that remain. A breakdown of the relationship between the placenta and the maternal tissue may turn out to be the cause of the majority of early lost pregnancies.
