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Author: Xavier Fragua Fernández
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
El mercado de la energía verde está teniendo cada vez más auge en el mapa energético mundial. Uno de los procesos térmicos de valoración energética de los residuos que está teniendo cada vez más importancia es la pirolisis. Conseguir un aprovechamiento energético de los residuos que generamos es un reto importante para un futuro sostenible. Actualmente las empresas productoras de papel tienen grandes problemas medioambientales relacionados con el agua contenida en los lodos, emisiones atmosféricas y el consumo de energía. Las empresas papeleras generan en España 644.000 toneladas de lodos de papel al año (en un total de 50 papeleras). Aprovechar este residuo para generar energía reduciría el impacto ambiental de estos procesos. Este proyecto pretende realizar un pequeño aporte al reciclaje de papel a partir de un proceso pirolítico. Para comprobar si el proceso es económico, energético y ecológicamente sostenible lo primero que se ha realizado es un balance de energía global. Paralelamente, se ha estudiado la posibilidad de obtener algún tipo de subproducto con valor añadido, por ejemplo, los minerales contenidos en estos lodos. El objetivo principal de este proyecto ha sido la integración en el proceso de pirolisis de todas las operaciones unitarias para que sea posible la construcción de la planta piloto. Con el objetivo de pirolizar 18 kg/h de lodos de papel secos se ha diseñado: un separador de sólidos (ciclón), comprobando su eficiencia experimental; condensadores para obtener el bioaceite y un quemador del gas pirolítico resultante del proceso. Se ha diseñado un ciclón Stairmand para la planta piloto de una eficiencia del 96%. Se han estudiado y comparado los diferentes sistemas de condensación utilizados hasta el momento en pirólisis. Utilizando este estudio, se ha diseñado un sistema de condensación que consiste en un Venturi Scrubber (eliminación de restos de carbón y bio-aceite de cadenas muy largas) y una columna de relleno (eliminación del bio-aceite con las fracciones más ligeras). Entre el ciclón y el Venturi Scrubber se consigue una eliminación de partículas de sólidos de hasta 99.85%. La columna de relleno diseñada recolectará como mínimo (utilizando una composición de bio-aceite de una pirólisis convencional de lodos de papel) el 75% del bio-aceite generado.
Author: Xavier Fragua Fernández
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
El mercado de la energía verde está teniendo cada vez más auge en el mapa energético mundial. Uno de los procesos térmicos de valoración energética de los residuos que está teniendo cada vez más importancia es la pirolisis. Conseguir un aprovechamiento energético de los residuos que generamos es un reto importante para un futuro sostenible. Actualmente las empresas productoras de papel tienen grandes problemas medioambientales relacionados con el agua contenida en los lodos, emisiones atmosféricas y el consumo de energía. Las empresas papeleras generan en España 644.000 toneladas de lodos de papel al año (en un total de 50 papeleras). Aprovechar este residuo para generar energía reduciría el impacto ambiental de estos procesos. Este proyecto pretende realizar un pequeño aporte al reciclaje de papel a partir de un proceso pirolítico. Para comprobar si el proceso es económico, energético y ecológicamente sostenible lo primero que se ha realizado es un balance de energía global. Paralelamente, se ha estudiado la posibilidad de obtener algún tipo de subproducto con valor añadido, por ejemplo, los minerales contenidos en estos lodos. El objetivo principal de este proyecto ha sido la integración en el proceso de pirolisis de todas las operaciones unitarias para que sea posible la construcción de la planta piloto. Con el objetivo de pirolizar 18 kg/h de lodos de papel secos se ha diseñado: un separador de sólidos (ciclón), comprobando su eficiencia experimental; condensadores para obtener el bioaceite y un quemador del gas pirolítico resultante del proceso. Se ha diseñado un ciclón Stairmand para la planta piloto de una eficiencia del 96%. Se han estudiado y comparado los diferentes sistemas de condensación utilizados hasta el momento en pirólisis. Utilizando este estudio, se ha diseñado un sistema de condensación que consiste en un Venturi Scrubber (eliminación de restos de carbón y bio-aceite de cadenas muy largas) y una columna de relleno (eliminación del bio-aceite con las fracciones más ligeras). Entre el ciclón y el Venturi Scrubber se consigue una eliminación de partículas de sólidos de hasta 99.85%. La columna de relleno diseñada recolectará como mínimo (utilizando una composición de bio-aceite de una pirólisis convencional de lodos de papel) el 75% del bio-aceite generado.
Author: Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319302051
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This book presents key recent developments in biofuel policy, products, processes, patents and innovative technologies. It presents several case studies, which maximize reader insights into how innovative green energy technologies can be implemented on an industrial scale, with illustrations, photos and new approaches. It also analyzes in detail several different technological aspects of the research into and production of green fuels from the first, second and third generation, such as, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, biobutanol, biofuels from pyrolysis, and discusses their economic and environmental impacts. A new source of information for engineers, technicians and students involved in production and research in the biofuels sector, this book also provides a valuable resource for industry, covering the current and future status of biofuels.
Author: Silvio Silvério da Silva
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319050206
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
This book discusses the commercialization of biofuels and the Brazilian government policies for the promotion of renewable energy program in Brazil, which could be a learning module for several countries for implementing biofuels policy to improve their socioeconomic status and make them energy independent. Researchers in academia and industries, policy makers, and economic analysts will be assisted by important source of information in their ongoing research and future perspectives. This book will benefit graduate and postgraduate students of chemical and biochemical engineering, forestry, microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, applied chemistry, environmental science, sustainable energy, and biotech business disciplines by signifying the applied aspects of bioenergy production from various natural sources and their implications. Graduate and postgraduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers will find clear concepts of feedstock analysis, feedstock degradation, microbial fermentation, genetic engineering, renewable energy generation and storage, climate changes, and techno-economic analysis of biofuels production technologies.
Author: Piet Lens
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 545
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Book Description
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Author: Jie Fu
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781628088472
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book focuses on the application of various dyes in the dyeing process and treatment of dyeing wastewater. Chapter One deals with the chemistry and application of reactive dyes, which are the most widely used dyes for the coloration of cellulosic and allied textile fibres. Chapters Two and Three introduce photochromic dyes. Chapter Two gives a general description and Chapter Three describes the chemistry of crown ether styryl dyes in detail. Chapters Four and Five discuss indigo, the oldest known natural blue dye. Chapter Four systematically describes indigo formation in plants and application in textile coloration. Chapter Five discusses the mechanisms of a non-conversional process of indigo reduction. Chapter Six also concerns natural dyes and describes dye extraction from mangrove bark and its application in fabric dyeing. Chapter Seven summarises various kinds of macromolecular auxiliaries for salt-free dyeing auxiliaries and discusses their physiochemical properties and advantages/disadvantages. Chapter Eight aims to investigate the spinning technology of the sheath/core nylon/PET composite filament, to survey the elution characteristics of the fabrics, and to analyse their physical properties. Chapters Nine-Thirteen all discuss the treatment of dyeing wastewater, one of the biggest contributors to water pollution. They concern the different technologies applied in the treatment of dyeing wastewater, including adsorption, electrochemical techniques, coagulation/flocculation, biological treatments, and membrane bioreactors. From these contents, readers can get a good understanding on the current advances and developing trends of treatment technologies for dyeing wastewater.
Author: Ralf Weidenmüller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Author: Elham Asrari
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482239655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource
Author: Srikanth Pilla
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118177045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 622
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Book Description
This Handbook is the first to explore the extensive applications made with bioplastics & biocomposites for the packaging, automotive, biomedical, and construction industries. Bioplastics and biocomposites are becoming increasingly prominent because synthetic plastics and glass fiber composites are neither sustainable nor environmentally friendly. The Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications brings together scientists from academia and industry to report on current research and applications in the bioplastics and biocomposites arena. This new science is interdisciplinary and integrates pure and applied sciences such as chemistry, engineering and materials science. The Handbook focuses on five main categories of applications: Packaging; Civil Engineering; Biomedical; Automotive; General Engineering. The majority of the chapters review the properties, processing, characterization, synthesis and applications of the bio-based and biodegradable polymers and composites including: Polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), guar gum based plastics, cellulose polyesters, starch based bioplastics, vegetable oil derived bioplastics, biopolyethylene, chitosan, etc. Thermoplastic and thermosetting bioplastics and biocomposites with a focus on the automobile industry. The ways how to improve the properties of bioplastics, polymer blends, and biocomposites by combining them with both synthetic and natural fillers and reinforcements such as nanoclays, nanotubes (CNTs), and natural fibers (both wood and plant fibers). Studies that expand the boundaries of bioplastics that will allow for the new materials to be applied to most generic engineering applications. The Handbook will be of central interest to engineers, scientists and researchers who are working in the fields of bioplastics, biocomposites, biomaterials for biomedical engineering, biochemistry, and materials science. The book will also be of great importance to engineers in many industries including automotive, biomedical, construction, and food packaging.
Author: Rayner M. Mayer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780852989579
Category : Blades
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Richard H. Stadler
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470430095
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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Book Description
Process-Induced Food Toxicants combines the analytical, health, and risk management issues relating to all of the currently known processing-induced toxins that may be present in common foods. It considers the different processing methods used in the manufacture of foods, including thermal treatment, drying, fermentation, preservation, fat processing, and high hydrostatic pressure processing, and the potential contaminants for each method. The book discusses the analysis, formation, mitigation, health risks, and risk management of each hazardous compound. Also discussed are new technologies and the impact of processing on nutrients and allergens.
