Physiological Basis for Yield Differences in Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) PDF Download
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Author: Shane Turin Ball
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: Shane Turin Ball
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Oumar N'Diaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Author: Robert Luther McGraw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Scientific breeding of peanuts was initiated in 1928 at the University of Florida. Since that time the potential yield has more than doubled due to the release of four improved cultivars. These cultivars were Dixie Runner released in 1943, Early Runner released in 1952, Florunner released in 1969, and Early Bunch released in 1977. No previous attempt had been made to discover the physiological differences among the four cultivars that accounted for the large increase in potential yield. A growth analysis was conducted during the 1976 growing season at the University of Florida using the four Florida cultivars, a Spanish type peanut, and one soybean cultivar (Glycine max L. Merr.) There were two major physiological differences among the four Florida cultivars which were responsible for the majority of the potential yield increase. The new higher yielding cultivars reached a stable pod number earlier. Dixie Runner reached a stable pod number about day 105, Early Runner about day 96, Florunner about day 84, and Early Bunch about day 75. By early initiation of a full pod load the newer cultivars had a longer period in which to fill the last pods established. The major difference among the cultivars which resulted in the increased yield potential was a higher partitioning of assimilates to the reproductive portion of the plant in the higher yielding cultivars. Dixie Runner partitioned about 31% of its photosynthate to the pods, Early Runner 61%, Florunner 74%, and Early Bunch 85%. As the amount of photosynthate partitioned to the reproductive portion of the plant increased, the plants demonstrated an increased deterioration of the vegetative portion late in the filling period. The highest yielding peanuts more closely resembled the n self destructive" characteristics of the determinate soybean. In 1977 22 of the highest yielding genotypes from 11 different countries were analyzed to determine if they had similar characteristics to the high yielding Florida cultivars. The environment markedly affected the development of some of the genotypes which were bred for different climates. The harvest date and partitioning factor were found to be positively and significantly correlated to yield. The study indicated that in some of the cultivars yield may be increased by increasing the filling period and/or partitioning factor. In 1978 a high yielding Florida cultivar, Florunner, and a lower yielding Florida cultivar, Dixie Runner, were analyzed to determine if the canopy deterioration demonstrated by the high yielding cultivars late in the season was the result of increased remobilization of nutrients and assimilates from the canopy to the pods. Florunner was found to increase the remobilization of nitrogen and starch during the filling period. The increased remobilization of materials from the vegetative portion may be responsible for the increased canopy deterioration. No effect of the filling period on the remobilization of nitrogen and starch was found in Dixie Runner. A shading study conducted on Florunner provided evidence that the pods may have priority over the vegetative portion for assimilates and nutrients. Shading increased the remobilization of materials from the leaves and hastened the deterioration of the canopy.
Author: A. Hemantaranjan
Publisher: Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 9386237466
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
This book has meticulous research in some of the very sensible and stirring areas of Plant Physiology-Plant Molecular Physiology are indispensably needed for holistic development of agriculture and crop production in different agroclimatic zones. It would be tremendously a productive reference book for acquiring advanced knowledge by post-graduate and Ph.D. scholars in response to the innovative courses in Plant Physiology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences, Plant Pathology, Microbiology, Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Botany.
Author: Nithila S.
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659592218
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
The Cultivated Peanut or Ground nut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is grown throughout the tropics.Being an important oil and food crop, the present day production and productivity needs to be enhanced to meet the demands.But in the arid and semiarid regions, the Groundnut farmers are witnessing the adverse yield reduction due to biotic factors and abiotic constraints such as Salinity and Drought.Moreover the declining natural resources and distancing of technology gap also leads to a complex situation of rural disenchantment.In order to increase the yield parameters, a better understanding of the plant physiological mechanisms to salinity/ sodicity stress is needed.The development of amelioration technology may pave the way for improving growth and yield of peanut crop growing under hostile conditions.Thus crop Physiologists can play a pivotal role in reaching the potential yield of peanut crop.
Author: P Basuchaudhuri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000783731
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
Peanut is an important crop in the semi-arid regions of the world. Both, irrigation and well water can provide the water necessary for it. It is a nutritious seed nut crop and has manyfold uses. As such, research on this crop is imperative. This book reviews physiological aspects, keeping in mind the changing agroclimatic conditions. Growth, development and yield are described on the basis of cellular and morphological manifestations. Being a C3 plant, the photosynthesis and respiration in peanuts is critically viewed specially under varying environment conditions and genotypes. The study of nitrogen assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation have been presented in light of the prevalent environmental and gene effects. The role of plant growth regulators in peanuts is elaborated on, stating up-to-date mode of actions. Special emphasis has been given to mechanisms of abiotic stress effects. The chapters (13) are arranged on the basis of physiology, cellular structure, biochemistry, molecular and genomics concepts.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080563686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
With eight outstanding reviews on cutting-edge advances in the crop and soil sciences, this volume emphasizes environmental quality and biotechnology. The connections between agricultural practice and environmental impact are addressed in chapters on sewage sludge, dissolved organic matter, and metals and pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of soil organic matter. Also among this collection are reviews on USDA's plant genome project, DNA markers, and peanut genetics and breeding. With this latest volume, Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a prolific and first-rate reference by the scientific community. In 1993 Advances in Agronomy increased its publication frequency to three volumes per year, and will continue this trend as the breadth of agronomic inquiry and knowledge continues to grow.Key Features* Synchrotron X-ray techniques* USDA plant genome program* Pyrolysis-mass spectrometric analysis of soil organic matter* Dissolved organic carbon and metal sorption by soils* DNA markers in plant breeding* Sewage sludge amended agricultural land* Peanut breeding and genetics* GIS in agricultural systems
Author: R. K. Maiti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Fifteen specialists from Mexico, the U.S., and Australia contribute 14 chapters on the basic aspects and recent advances in the science of peanut production. Coverage includes the origin and evolution of peanuts, morphology, anatomy, breeding and genetics, growth physiology, production techniques, a
Author: P Basuchaudhuri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000783715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
Peanut is an important crop in the semi-arid regions of the world. Both, irrigation and well water can provide the water necessary for it. It is a nutritious seed nut crop and has manyfold uses. As such, research on this crop is imperative. This book reviews physiological aspects, keeping in mind the changing agroclimatic conditions. Growth, development and yield are described on the basis of cellular and morphological manifestations. Being a C3 plant, the photosynthesis and respiration in peanuts is critically viewed specially under varying environment conditions and genotypes. The study of nitrogen assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation have been presented in light of the prevalent environmental and gene effects. The role of plant growth regulators in peanuts is elaborated on, stating up-to-date mode of actions. Special emphasis has been given to mechanisms of abiotic stress effects. The chapters (13) are arranged on the basis of physiology, cellular structure, biochemistry, molecular and genomics concepts.
