Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals PDF Download
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Author: Peru Jena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401726450
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1414
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Book Description
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Author: Peru Jena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401726450
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1414
Get Book
Book Description
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Author: R.A. Broglia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662099381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Quantum mechanics is the set of laws of physics which, to the best of our knowledge, provides a complete account of the microworld. One of its chap ters, quantum electrodynamics (QED), is able to account for the quantal phenomena of relevance to daily life (electricity, light, liquids and solids, etc.) with great accuracy. The language of QED, field theory, has proved to be uni versal providing the theoretical basis to describe the behaviour of many-body systems. In particular finite many-body systems (FMBS) like atomic nuclei, metal clusters, fullerenes, atomic wires, etc. That is, systems made out of a small number of components. The properties of FMBS are expected to be quite different from those of bulk matter, being strongly conditioned by quantal size effects and by the dynamical properties of the surface of these systems. The study of the elec tronic and of the collective behaviour (plasmons and phonons) of FMBS and of their interweaving, making use of well established first principle quantum (field theoretical) techniques, is the main subject of the present monograph. The interest for the study of FMBS was clearly stated by Feynman in his address to the American Physical Society with the title "There is plenty of room at the bottom". On this occasion he said among other things: "When we get to the very, very small world - say circuits of seven atoms - we have a lot of new things that would happen that represent completely new opportunities for design" [1].
Author: Joshua Jortner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400940017
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
The Twentieth Jerusalem Symposium reflected the high standards of these distinguished scientific meetings which convene once a year at the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Jerusalem to discuss a specific topic in the broad area of quantum chemistry and biochemistry. The Twentieth Jerusalem Symposium marked an auspicious occasion. commemorating two decades of this scientific endeavour. The topic at this year's Jerusalem Symposium was Large Finite Systems which constitutes a truly interdisciplinary subject of central interest in the broad areas of chemistry. physics. astrophysics and biophysics. The main theme of the Symposium was built around bridging the gap between molecular. surface and condensed matter chemical physics. Emphasis was placed on the interrelationship between the properties of large molecules. van der Waals complexes and clusters. focusing on the structure. dynamics of nuclear motion. quantum and thermodynamics size effects. the nature of electronic states and excited-state energetics and dynamics of large finite systems. The interdisciplinary nature of these research areas was deliberated by intensive and extensive interactions between scientists from different disciplines and between theory and experiment. This volume provides a record of the invited lectures at the Symposium.
Author: P. Jena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 844
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Book Description
Covers studies on a wide range of materials, from clusters to nanostructures and quasicrystals, the emphasis being on understanding how the size-dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in nanoscale clusters, to bulk conditions that are insensitive to boundaries.
Author: Frank S. Levin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489912282
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
This series, Finite Systems and Multiparticle Dynamics, is intended to provide timely reviews of current research topics, written in a style sufficiently pedagogic so as to allow a nonexpert to grasp the underlying ideas as well as understand technical details. The series is an outgrowth of our involvement with three interdis ciplinary activities, namely, those arising from the American Physical Society's Topical Group on Few Body Systems and Multiparticle Dynam ics, the series of Gordon Research Conferences first known by the title "Few Body Problems in Chemistry and Physics" and later renamed "Dynamics of Simple Systems in Chemistry and Physics," and the series of Sanibel Symposia, sponsored in part by the University of Florida. The vitality of these activities and the enthusiastic response to them by researchers in various subfields of physics and chemistry have convinced us that there is a place--even a need-for a series of timely reviews on topics of interest not only to a narrow band of experts but also to a broader, interdisciplinary readership. It is our hope that the emphasis on pedagogy will permit at least some of the books in the series to be useful in graduate-level courses. Rather than use the adjective "Few-Body" or "Simple" to modify the word "Systems" in the title, we have chosen "Finite. " It better expresses the wide range of systems with which the reviews of the series may deal.
Author: Frank S. Levin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475798806
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This series, Finite Systems and Multipartide Dynamics, is intended to provide timely reviews of current research topics, written in a style sufficient ly pedagogic so as to allow a nonexpert to grasp the underlying ideas as well as understand technical details. The series is an outgrowth of our involvement with three interdisciplin ary activities, namely, those arising from the American Physical Society's Topical Group on Few-Body Systems and Multipartide Dynamics, the series of Gordon Research Conferences first known by the title "Few-Body Problems in Chemistry and Physics" and later renamed "Dynamics of Simple Systems in Chemistry and Physics," and the series of Sanibel Symposia, sponsored in part by the University of Florida. The vitality of these activities and the enthusiastic response to them by researchers in various subfields of physics and chemistry have convinced us that there is a place-even a need-for a series of timely reviews on topics of interest not only to a narrow band of experts but also to a broader, interdisciplinary readership. lt is our hope that the emphasis on pedagogy will permit at least some of the books in the series to be useful in graduate-level courses. Rather than use the adjective "Few-Body" or "Simple" to modify the word "Systems" in the title, we have chosen "Finite. " It better expresses the wide range of systems with which the reviews of the series may deal.
Author: G Martínez-Mekler
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814500364
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This book deals with a series of topics on the cutting edge of nonlinear science, striking a balance between theory and experiment. It consists of two innovative introductory presentations on dynamical systems and fluid dynamics and six chapters on advanced research. A nontrivial interrelation between the different topics becomes apparent throughout the book as an indication of the underlying unity and genericity of nonlinear phenomena. There is a continuous emphasis on conceptual issues often introduced via concrete examples. A common feature is that most of the systems under study are extended, nonhomogeneous and far from equilibrium. The book also exhibits an interesting interplay between deterministic and stochastic approaches. Contents:Order and Chaos in Dynamical Systems (X Gómez-Mont & L Ortiz-Bobadilla)Selected Topics in Fluid Dynamics (R Peralta-Fabi)Parametric Instabilities (S Fauve)Odds and Ends in Space–Time Dynamical Systems (R Lima)Scaling Theory of Aggregation (F Leyvraz)Disorder in Solids (R Barrio)Stability in Particle Beams (A Antillón)Stochastic Scattering Theory or Random-Matrix Models for Fluctuations in Microscopic and Mesoscopic Systems (H A Weidenmüller) Readership: Nonlinear scientists, physicists, applied mathematicians and research engineers. keywords:
Author: Philip E. Hoggan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400720769
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 630
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Book Description
Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics is a collection of 32 selected papers from the scientific contributions presented at the 15th International Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP-XV), held at Magdalene College, Cambridge, UK, from August 31st to September 5th, 2010. This volume discusses the state of the art, new trends, and the future of methods in molecular quantum mechanics and their applications to a wide range of problems in chemistry, physics, and biology. The breadth and depth of the scientific topics discussed during QSCP-XV are gathered in seven sections: I. Fundamental Theory; II. Model Atoms; III. Atoms and Molecules with Exponential-Type Orbitals; IV. Density-Oriented Methods; V. Dynamics and Quantum Monte-Carlo Methodology; VI. Structure and Reactivity; VII. Complex Systems, Solids, Biophysics. Advances in the Theory of Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics is written for research students and professionals in Quantum systems of chemistry and physics. It also constitutes and invaluable guide for those wishing to familiarize themselves with research perspectives in the domain of quantum systems for thematic conversion or simply to gain insight into the methodological developments and applications to physics chemistry and biology that have actually become feasible by the end of 2010.
Author: George F. Bertsch
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521411486
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Appendix A: Mean field theory
Author: A.S Edelstein
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780750305785
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1244
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Book Description
Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials, from how to make them to example properties, processing techniques, and applications. Contributions by leading international researchers and teachers in academic, government, and industrial institutions in nanomaterials provide an accessible guide for newcomers to the field. The coverage ranges from isolated clusters and small particles to nanostructured materials, multilayers, and nanoelectronics. The book contains a wealth of references for further reading. Individual chapters deal with relevant aspects of the underlying physics, materials science, and physical chemistry.
