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Author: Wolfgang O. Hofer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
The recent development of large fusion devices achieving near energy break-even scientifically proves the viability of fusion as an energy source. The challenge now facing fusion researchers is surmounting engineering obstacles to make fusion energy practical. Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids discusses problems associated with plasma-surface interactions which represent a key issue in achieving engineering as opposed to scientific success. Unlike previous books on the subject, this text is directly related to the broad range of plasma-surface interactions problems encountered in fusion devices. Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids provides the specialized international fusion community with a resource that covers the interesting new developments that have occurred with the advent of the larger fusion plasmadevices that have demonstrated near break-even energy. This book addresses problems that are useful for design and fabrication of such devices. The edge plasma Physical sputtering and radiation-enhanced sublimation Chemical erosion Electron emission from solids Control of plasma-surface interactions by thin films Thermal stability Radiation damage in metallic structural materials Radiation damage in carbon materials
Author: Wolfgang O. Hofer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
The recent development of large fusion devices achieving near energy break-even scientifically proves the viability of fusion as an energy source. The challenge now facing fusion researchers is surmounting engineering obstacles to make fusion energy practical. Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids discusses problems associated with plasma-surface interactions which represent a key issue in achieving engineering as opposed to scientific success. Unlike previous books on the subject, this text is directly related to the broad range of plasma-surface interactions problems encountered in fusion devices. Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids provides the specialized international fusion community with a resource that covers the interesting new developments that have occurred with the advent of the larger fusion plasmadevices that have demonstrated near break-even energy. This book addresses problems that are useful for design and fabrication of such devices. The edge plasma Physical sputtering and radiation-enhanced sublimation Chemical erosion Electron emission from solids Control of plasma-surface interactions by thin films Thermal stability Radiation damage in metallic structural materials Radiation damage in carbon materials
Author: Tetsuo Tanabe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811603286
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
This book is a primer on the interplay between plasma and materials in a fusion reactor, so-called plasma–materials interactions (PMIs), highlighting materials and their influence on plasma through PMI. It aims to demonstrate that a plasma-facing surface (PFS) responds actively to fusion plasma and that the clarifying nature of PFS is indispensable to understanding the influence of PFS on plasma. It describes the modern insight into PMI, namely, relevant feedback to plasma performance from plasma-facing material (PFM) on changes in a material surface by plasma power load by radiation and particles, contrary to a conventional view that unilateral influence from plasma on PFM is dominant in PMI. There are many books and reviews on PMI in the context of plasma physics, that is, how plasma or plasma confinement works in PMI. By contrast, this book features a materials aspect in PMI focusing on changes caused by heat and particle load from plasma: how PFMs are changed by plasma exposure and then, accordingly, how the changed PFM interacts with plasma.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081028660
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4871
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Book Description
Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Author: Pierre Delhaes
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482296926
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Humans first used carbon as chars from firewood in ritual paintings and primitive metallurgical processes. Natural forms of carbon have been known since antiquity, yet the knowledge of the carbon element in chemistry and its technical applications on a larger scale are a relatively recent development. The industrial revolution in Europe two centuri
Author: C.H. Wu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401143315
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
One of the most important issues in the construction of future magnetic confinement fusion machines is that of the materials of which they are constructed, and one of the key points of proper material choice is the recycle of hydrogen isotopes with materials at the plasma face. Tritium machines demand high safety and economy, which in turn requires the lowest possible T inventory and smallest possible permeation through the plasma facing materials. The recycle behaviour of the in-vessel components must also be known if the plasma reaction is to predictable and controllable, and finally, the fuel cycle and plasma operating regimes may be actively controlled by special materials and methods. The book discusses both laboratory experiments exploring the basic properties of non-equilibrium hydrogen-solid systems (diffusion, absorption, boundary processes) and experimental results obtained from existing fusion machines under conditions simulating future situations to some extent. Contributions are from experts in the fields of nuclear fusion, materials science, surface science, vacuum science and technology, and solid state physics.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Author: Colm T. Whelan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387275673
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
There is a unity to physics; it is a discipline which provides the most fundamental understanding of the dynamics of matter and energy. To understand anything about a physical system you have to interact with it and one of the best ways to learn something is to use electrons as probes. This book is the result of a meeting, which took place in Magdalene College Cambridge in December 2001. Atomic, nuclear, cluster, soHd state, chemical and even bio- physicists got together to consider scattering electrons to explore matter in all its forms. Theory and experiment were represented in about equal measure. It was meeting marked by the most lively of discussions and the free exchange of ideas. We all learnt a lot. The Editors are grateful to EPSRC through its Collaborative Computational Project program (CCP2), lOPP, the Division of Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics (DAMOPP) and the Atomic Molecular Interactions group (AMIG) of the Institute of Physics for financial support. The smooth running of the meeting was enormously facilitated by the efficiency and helpfulness of the staff of Magdalene College, for which we are extremely grateful. This meeting marked the end for one of us (CTW) of a ten-year period as a fellow of the College and he would like to take this opportunity to thank the fellows and staff for the privilege of working with them.
Author: O. Auciello
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400919468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Book Description
An understanding of the processes involved in the basic and applied physics and chemistry of the interaction of plasmas with materials is vital to the evolution of technologies such as those relevant to microelectronics, fusion and space. The subjects dealt with in the book include: the physics and chemistry of plasmas, plasma diagnostics, physical sputtering and chemical etching, plasma assisted deposition of thin films, ion and electron bombardment, and plasma processing of inorganic and polymeric materials. The book represents a concentration of a substantial amount of knowledge acquired in this area - knowledge which was hitherto widely scattered throughout the literature - and thus establishes a baseline reference work for both established and tyro research workers.
Author: Robert E. H. Clark
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354027362X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 467
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Book Description
It became clear in the early days of fusion research that the effects of the containment vessel (erosion of "impurities") degrade the overall fusion plasma performance. Progress in controlled nuclear fusion research over the last decade has led to magnetically confined plasmas that, in turn, are sufficiently powerful to damage the vessel structures over its lifetime. This book reviews current understanding and concepts to deal with this remaining critical design issue for fusion reactors. It reviews both progress and open questions, largely in terms of available and sought-after plasma-surface interaction data and atomic/molecular data related to these "plasma edge" issues.
Author: Nan Yao
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107320569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
The focused ion beam (FIB) system is an important tool for understanding and manipulating the structure of materials at the nanoscale. Combining this system with an electron beam creates a DualBeam - a single system that can function as an imaging, analytical and sample modification tool. Presenting the principles, capabilities, challenges and applications of the FIB technique, this edited volume, first published in 2007, comprehensively covers the ion beam technology including the DualBeam. The basic principles of ion beam and two-beam systems, their interaction with materials, etching and deposition are all covered, as well as in situ materials characterization, sample preparation, three-dimensional reconstruction and applications in biomaterials and nanotechnology. With nanostructured materials becoming increasingly important in micromechanical, electronic and magnetic devices, this self-contained review of the range of ion beam methods, their advantages, and when best to implement them is a valuable resource for researchers in materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology.
