Photocatalytic Degradation of Petroleum Waste Water Over Ternary Titanium, Zinc, and Tungsten Oxide Catalysts PDF Download
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Author: Ay Ping Lai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Ay Ping Lai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Nur Farhana Jaafar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photocatalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: Irwanshah Amanshah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photocatalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Author: Mohd Afendi Abdul Mutalib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Photocatalytic degradation is a process where the organic contaminant in water is degraded by UV light. UV photo oxidation acts to degrade and remove organic compound through the ultraviolet radiation to activate the catalyst. The catalyst used in this study is titanium dioxide (TiO2) which is chosen based on its properties that are low toxicity, low resistance to corrosion and semiconductor. The semiconductor will absorb the UV light and attract electrons across the energy gap into the conduction band. This electron will change into hydroxyl radicals which can decompose organic compounds while still in the waste water stream. So this is the basic concept that applied in industrial to treat the waste water or any pollutant in water in order to protect the environmental. Simulated oils waste water was used to replicate the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The studied parameters are the effect of catalyst concentration and irradiation time. The effect of both parameters has studied using Design Expert 7 to determine the optimum condition of degradation activities. The degradation activities were measured through the change of initial and final COD and dissolved oxygen in sample. Through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and optimization application of Design Expert 7, it was found that the optimum condition to achieve maximum degradation activities.-Author-
Author: Chooi Yan Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Author: Yasmine Kamal Abdel-Maksoud Abdel-Salam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Immobilized cell organelles
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Abstract: There have been rising concerns about emerging contaminants that are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. TiO2 photocatalysis is one of the promising routes for sustainable wastewater treatment. Research on the use of TiO2 photocatalysis for water/wastewater treatment for the removal of persistent non-biodegradable emerging water pollutant is active worldwide. Since the mid-1970s the viability of photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in water using TiO2 was demonstrated. More than 1,000 substances have been degraded using TiO2. Despite the extensive research on photocatalytic oxidation using TiO2, pilot and demonstration plants through the last four decades are still countable. Widespread use of photocatalytic treatment of water and wastewater require the development of an innovative photocatalytic reactor that is efficient, reliable, simple to construct, easy to maintain, has low energy consumption, low capital and operating cost and provides easy separation of catalyst after treatment ends. In an attempt to develop this desired photo-reactor, three photo-reactors were designed and constructed: the slurry water-bell photo-reactor, the immobilized water-bell photo-reactor and the immobilized tray photo-reactor. The slurry water-bell photo-reactor is based on generating a thin water film to allow for solar light penetration for photo-catalyst activation and continuous oxygenation. Recirculating the reaction solution at a high flow rate ensures good mixing and avoids dead zones in the photo-reactor. the reactor performance for degradation of phenol, as a model compound, was evaluated using commercial TiO2. Factors affecting the degradation efficiency were studied including catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutant concentration, oxidant addition and exposure time. Dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and pH were monitored through all the conducted tests. The performance of the slurry water-bell was compared with other photo-reactors using two benchmarks: the degradation rate constant and the reactor throughput. The reactor throughput is a function of the treated volume, treatment duration and reactor area footprint, thus it is as a versatile indicator for comparison between reactors of different types and geometries as well as selection of reactor configurations suitable for scale-up and commercialization. TiO2 was immobilized on sand grains for use as dispersed photo-catalyst in the water-bell reactor. Immobilization of TiO2 was conducted by two methods; direct immobilization using sol-gel synthesis and binding with epoxy coating. Photo-catalyst abrasion was encountered. The strong mixing conditions and flow through the recirculating pump resulted in high abrasion of the photo-catalyst off the sand surface. The tray photo-reactor was developed to avoid the high friction of the photo-catalyst particles in the recirculating pump while maintain fulfilling all the other photocatalytic process requirements of light penetration, continuous oxygen supply, and turbulent flow. The immobilized tray photocatalytic reactor uses a fixed-bed of TiO2 supported on sand grains. The reactor maintains a thin water film over the supported TiO2 catalytic bed. TiO2 was immobilized on the sand grains using 3 different immobilization approaches: 1) direct immobilization using the sol gel technique, 2) coating with TiO2/cement grout; and (3) binding with TiO2-epoxy coating. Reactor performance for the degradation of phenol as a model compound was evaluated for the three photo-catalysts. Immobilization of TiO2 on sand particles using epoxy was successful in achieving the highest phenol degradation and resistance to abrasion. The water turbidity remained unchanged indicating photo-catalyst resistance to abrasion even after multiple use of the catalytic bed. Successful operation of the tray photo-reactor in the continuous mode was also achieved. The performance of the immobilized tray photo-reactor was compared with other photo-reactors using three benchmarks: the initial degradation rate, the reactor throughput and turbidity. The immobilized tray photo-reactor is suitable for scale-up and commercialization due to five distinctive features which are: modular design; integrated storage; passive oxygenation; absence of need for UV transmitting components that are susceptible to breakage and optical losses, and simple and cheap components.
Author: Norlaila Mok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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The photocatalytic degradation of an oily wastewater over titanium dioxide, TiO2 suspensions was investigated. The study focused on the effects of various operating parameters on the treatment efficiency which include catalyst concentration load, irradiation time and reaction temperature. Catalyst concentration load was studied in the range 0.5-2.5 g/L, irradiation time between 0-150 min and the reaction temperature in the range 30-60 oC. The regression and graphical analysis with statistical significance for this researched were done using Design Expert 7 software. In order to visualize the relationship between the experimental variables and responses, the response surface was generated from the model. Treatment efficiency, which was expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), generally increased with decreasing initial COD. Higher treatment efficiency involved the increasing of irradiation time with temperature. The percent of degradation nearly achieved 51% depending on the conditions employed. The optimum conditions for this research work can be acquired at catalyst concentration of 0.5 g/L while the effect of temperature and reaction time were conducted at 60 oC and 150 min respectively.
Author: Obed Yeboah Boakye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Post combustion carbon capture, a promising technology for capturing the superabundant CO2 produced by various industries has received much research and industrial attention. The use of amines for this capture process comes with its own disadvantage in that it degrades into other products some of which are harmful to the ecosystem upon its release into the environment. Chief of these degradation products are the mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrosamines which have received much research attention in both carbon capture processes and wastewater treatment plant processes. Several treatment methods such as biological methods, activated carbon, UV in conjunction with ozone or reverse osmosis and other catalytic destruction methods have be employed so far in treatment wastewater comprising of nitrosamines. However, in this study, an advanced oxidation process (AOP) named heterogeneous photocatalysis is used as a means of treating N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) wastewater stream using tungsten trioxide based catalysts. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is synthesized using Thermal Treatment Method (TTM) and Hard Template Replication Method (HTRM) to help investigate the effect of morphological and structural property changes on the NDEA wastewater degradation process. WO3 was also impregnated with other metals such Lanthanum (La), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr) and Silver (Ag) to help improve its light absorption ability for the photocatalytic reaction. These synthesized catalysts were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopic technique to obtain their light harnessing ability as well as their band gap energies. The surface area and pore structure of the pristine and doped catalysts were also investigated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) technique. The crystallinity of the catalysts and their crystallite sizes were determined by employing the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The surface morphology and catalyst composition were also investigated by employing the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Photocatalytic NDEA degradation using the synthesized WO3 based catalysts was investigated as a function of three input factors viz. catalyst loading (0.5-5%), solution pH (5-9) and catalyst concentration (0.5-1 g/L) by using Face-Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) adapted from response surface methodology (RSM). Using NDEA degradation efficiency as response, a 17-run experiment matrix was generated by the chosen design to investigate the interaction effects of the three above-mentioned input variables. From the results, a compact quadratic model showing high significance (p 0.05) was developed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA), It predicted the experimental results with good accuracy as seen from the good coefficients of determination values (R2 0.9). The pH of the solution (5) was found to be the most significant design factor having a positive impact on NDEA degradation as its value decreases. The mean degradation efficiency of NDEA was 86.48% for La/WO3, 84.03% for Cr/WO3, 88.90% for Ag/WO3 and 93.03% for Fe/WO3. Using wastewater effluent volume of 148 m3/day from the Boundary Dam amine processing unit as a basis for economic analysis, a total capital investment of $216,981.69 was estimated. It was projected that an annual operating cost of $513,884.85 will be required to run the photocatalytic waste treatment plant at a treatment cost of $10.59/m3. This study presents a foundation for future research into the scale up and eventual commercialization of this wastewater treatment technique.
Author: Chien Ju Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental degradation
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Author: Suresh C. Ameta
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128105259
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment: Emerging Green Chemical Technology is a complete resource covering the fundamentals and applications of all Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). This book presents the most up-to-date research on AOPs and makes the argument that AOPs offer an eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment. In addition to an overview of the fundamentals and applications, it details the reactive species involved, along with sections on reactor designs, thus helping readers understand and implement these methods. - Presents in-depth coverage of all types of Advanced Oxidation Processes, including Super Critical Water Oxidation, Photo-Fenton and Like Processes - Includes a fundamental review, applications, reactive species and reactor designs - Reviews applications across waste types, including industrial waste, domestic and municipal sewage, and hospital wastes
