Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Cover, Subsurface Barrier, and Basal Liner Applications PDF Download
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Author: Mohamed Said Hussein Hosney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1730
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Book Description
The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under [greater than or equal to] 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete.
Author: Mohamed Said Hussein Hosney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1730
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Book Description
The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under [greater than or equal to] 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete.
Author: Robert E. Mackey
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803134843
Category : Clay
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Soon after the inception of ASTM D35.04 Subcommittee on Geosynthetic Clay Liners, the first symposium on Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs), STP 1308, was held on 29 January 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia. The intention of the symposium was to bring together the current knowledge and understanding regarding this relatively new product used in containment systems. Since that symposium, numerous GCL standards have been developed along with a greater appreciation of the product's capabilities and limitations. ASTM D35 determined it was time to assess the current state of GCL technology to better address possible revisions of the present ASTM GCL standards and determine what new standards will be required in the future.
Author: H. Zanzinger
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000108066
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Clay geosynthetic barriers are most frequently used in environmental areas, such as landfill cover systems. This work discusses the durability and lifetime aspects of clay geosynthetic barriers related to the synthetic yarns and fibres.
Author: JM. Southen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Desiccation
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Composite liners comprised of geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners can be an effective means of minimizing fluid flow and associated groundwater contamination from municipal solid waste landfills. There remains uncertainty, however, regarding the long-term performance of such systems under conditions of elevated temperature that may occur at the base of landfills attributable to exothermic waste degradation processes. The heat generated by these processes may lead to the development of a thermal gradient through the lining system that creates a risk of desiccation within the uppermost portion of the subsoil and the geosynthetic clay liner itself. To investigate this issue, a series of small-scale laboratory experiments were developed in an effort to simulate the hydraulic and thermal conditions existing at the base of a landfill. This paper presents the results of investigations into the influence of various parameters on the behavior of a composite liner. The distribution of temperature and water content over time is discussed, as well as potential impacts on the performance of the geosynthetic clay liner.
Author: Patricia Ann Thorstad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Author: JA. McKelvey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cation exchange
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as secondary barrier layers in environmental applications such as landfills and other impoundment facilities is becoming increasingly more popular among the engineering community, particularly at project sites where earthen materials suitable for barrier layers may not be locally available. Design engineers for these environmental applications are becoming well versed at performing equivalency calculations comparing the performance of geosynthetic materials to their earthen counterparts. For barrier layers, these equivalency calculations would normally compare the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the GCL to a compacted clay liner. Of these properties, the ability of the hydraulic properties to withstand degradation due to permeation of contained leachates is of prominent concern. Such is the case in alkaline environments. The leachate may adversely affect the GCL by minimizing swelling, decreasing adsorption capacity and increasing the permeability of the material. If the effect on the material is significant, the usefulness of this product is diminished, possibly voiding any equivalency comparison to compacted clay liner performance. The design engineer must fully understand what effect, if any, specific leachates will have on the GCL being considered. Accordingly, appropriate performance testing with the leachate in question must be performed during the design phase and confirmed during construction through quality assurance testing.
Author: Erwin Gartung
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000150534
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This text, based on an international symposium held in 1994, covers geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), a type of geosynthetic material which blends natural soil and geosynthetics in the form of a composite barrier-system. Environmental applications have been a major use of GCL.
Author: JT. Olsta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bentonite
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
Landfill caps may present GCLs with one of the most difficult environmental conditions in which to perform. The low confining pressure of the cover soil allows for greater separation of the sodium montmorillonite platelets. The GCL is more susceptible to ion exchange at these low confining pressures. Coastal areas of Florida have a greater potential for the presence of calcium within the sandy soil cover placed over the GCL to function as a drainage layer and protective cover. This combination of low confining pressure and the presence of calcium carbonate may increase the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL over time. This paper will detail an investigation of a 5 year old plus GCL barrier layer within two landfill closures for a coastal Florida county and determine if any changes in properties of the bentonite/GCLs have occurred. The samples were tested for hydraulic conductivity, fluid loss, swell index, and ion content. The samples were also inspected for root penetration. Samples of the soils placed above and below the GCL were also analyzed for ion content and bentonite compatibility.
Author: Abdelmalek Bouazza
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780415467339
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Increasingly stringent regulation of pollution and waste production worldwide drives the need to isolate contaminants that pose a threat to human and environmental health by using engineered barrier systems involving the use of low permeable materials. Over the past two decades, geosynthetic clay liners have gained widespread acceptance for use in such barrier systems. They are often used as a component of primary and secondary base liners or final cover systems in municipal solid-waste landfills as well as in regulated industrial storage and mining waste-disposal facilities. This book gives a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of practice on geosynthetic clay liners in waste containments. It provides an insight into individual materials (bentonite and the associated geosynthetics) and the manufacturing processes. This is followed by the coverage of important topics such as hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, contaminant transport, gas migration, shear strength and slope stability, and field performance.
Author: Mohammad Abul Fazal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
