Performance Analysis and Improvement of a Water to Water Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Heat Pump PDF Download
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Author: Paul Maina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 530
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Book Description
Discusses the main objective of the study is to carry out a theoretical and experimental study of a water-to-water CO2 heat pump system and improve its performance by optimizing its working parameters and conditions. The optimization process will be based on South African conditions.Specific objectives to meet the required goal are: 1. Carry out the installation and experimental analysis of a water to water CO2 heat pump system.2. Evaluate the reliability of the system using statistical means through regression analysis and create relationship models between the input and output parameters of the system.3. Execute a thermodynamic analysis of the selected system and evaluate the most important factors that affect its energy efficiency, then identify and evaluate possible system improvements and optimum operating conditions. 4. Compare available heat pump related kinematic and mathematical models and evaluate the best model to describe the operations in the system under local operating conditions. Suggest further improvements to the models and evaluate these too.5. Perform computer modelling and simulations to analyse the CO2 heat pump system,supplement the measurements from the test rig and compare the results.
Author: Paul Maina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 530
Get Book Here
Book Description
Discusses the main objective of the study is to carry out a theoretical and experimental study of a water-to-water CO2 heat pump system and improve its performance by optimizing its working parameters and conditions. The optimization process will be based on South African conditions.Specific objectives to meet the required goal are: 1. Carry out the installation and experimental analysis of a water to water CO2 heat pump system.2. Evaluate the reliability of the system using statistical means through regression analysis and create relationship models between the input and output parameters of the system.3. Execute a thermodynamic analysis of the selected system and evaluate the most important factors that affect its energy efficiency, then identify and evaluate possible system improvements and optimum operating conditions. 4. Compare available heat pump related kinematic and mathematical models and evaluate the best model to describe the operations in the system under local operating conditions. Suggest further improvements to the models and evaluate these too.5. Perform computer modelling and simulations to analyse the CO2 heat pump system,supplement the measurements from the test rig and compare the results.
Author: Xin-rong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118380045
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
Author: Xin-rong Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118380061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This study focuses on the experimental testing and numerical modeling of a 4.5 kW transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater at Queen's University in the Solar Calorimetry Laboratory. Due to the predicted high heat rejection temperatures in a transcritical vapour-compression cycle, buoyancy driven thermosyphon flow through a brazed-plate gas-cooler was proposed to promote tank stratification and to improve system performance. The performance was evaluated through a series of experimental sensitivity and static tank charge tests. A TRNSYS model was also created and verified to simulate the performance of the system under a detailed user demand schedule for a week of operation. The TRNSYS model used a parametric table created with a steady-state model of the vapour-compression system in EES that was validated against experimental data to a standard error of the Y-estimate of ±0.073 kW for heating capacity, ±1.01°C for gas-cooler exit temperature, and ±0.086 for COP. A series of tank charge tests were conducted under thermosyphon flow and forced flow rates at 1 L/min, 2 L/min, and 4 L/min. The thermosyphon charge test produced the highest level of stratification and a total COP of 3 at an average flow rate of 0.73 L/min. All of the forced convection cases operated with a higher degree of mixing. TRNSYS model simulations with hot water draws found that the thermosyphon flow configuration performed with a higher degree of stratification under regular user demand while simulations with high flow rates resulted in a mixed tank at a high temperature. Results predicted an 11% reduction in required heat energy input to the storage, a 30% reduction in electrical energy consumption, a 35% reduction in heat loss, and a 29% improvement in COP for the thermosyphon test as compared to the operation with a mixed tank at 4 L/min. The thermosyphon draw test also performed with the lowest average tank temperature, yet produced the highest draw temperatures. Through these results, it was concluded that natural convection operation with brazed-plate gas-coolers can contribute to a better performing system and this flow configuration should be considered in future applications of this technology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Improving energy efficiency in water heating applications is important to the nation's energy strategies. Water heating in residential and commercial buildings accounts for about 10% of U.S. buildings energy consumption. Heat pump water heating (HPWH) technology is a significant breakthrough in energy efficiency, as an alternative to electric resistance water heating. Heat pump technology has shown acceptable payback period with proper incentives and successful market penetration is emerging. However, current HPWH require the use of refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP). Furthermore, current system designs depend greatly on the backup resistance heaters when the ambient temperature is below freezing or when hot water demand increases. Finally, the performance of current HPWH technology degrades greatly as the water set point temperature exceeds 330 K. This paper presents the potential for carbon dioxide, CO2, as a natural, environmentally benign alternative refrigerant for HPWH technology. In this paper, we first describe the system design, implications and opportunities of operating a transcritical cycle. Next, a prototype CO2 HPWH design featuring flexible component evaluation capability is described. The experimental setup and results are then illustrated followed by a brief discussion on the measured system performance. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for the development of CO2 heat pump water heating technology suitable for the U.S. market.
Author: Xin-Rong Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031225120
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market. This book is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers and policy makers looking to expand their applicable knowledge of high-potential refrigeration technology using carbon dioxide. It is also of interest to postgraduate students and practitioners looking for an academic insight into the industry’s latest eco-friendly technologies.
Author: Vasile Minea
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498735002
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Drying of solids is one of the most common, complex, and energy-intensive industrial processes. Conventional dryers offer limited opportunities to increase energy efficiency. Heat pump dryers are more energy and cost effective, as they can recycle drying thermal energy and reduce CO2, particulate, and VOC emissions due to drying. This book provides an introduction to the technology and current best practices and aims to increase the successful industrial implementation of heat pump- assisted dryers. It enables the reader to engage confidently with the technology and provides a wealth of information on theories, current practices, and future directions of the technology. It emphasizes several new design concepts and operating and control strategies, which can be applied to improve the economic and environmental efficiency of the drying process. It answers questions about risks, advantages vs. disadvantages, and impediments and offers solutions to current problems. Discusses heat pump technology in general and its present and future challenges. Describes interesting and promising innovations in drying food, agricultural, and wood products with various heat pump technologies. Treats several technical aspects, from modeling and simulation of drying processes to industrial applications. Emphasizes new design concepts and operating and control strategies to improve the efficiency of the drying process.
Author: Young Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Adoption of heat pump water heating technology for commercial hot water could save up to 0.4 quads of energy and 5 million metric tons of CO2 production annually in North America, but industry perception is that this technology does not offer adequate performance or reliability and comes at too high of a cost. Development and demonstration of a CO2 heat pump water heater is proposed to reduce these barriers to adoption. Three major themes are addressed: market analysis to understand barriers to adoption, use of advanced reliability models to design optimum qualification test plans, and field testing of two phases of water heater prototypes. Market experts claim that beyond good performance, market adoption requires 'drop and forget' system reliability and a six month payback of first costs. Performance, reliability and cost targets are determined and reliability models are developed to evaluate the minimum testing required to meet reliability targets. Three phase 1 prototypes are designed and installed in the field. Based on results from these trials a product specification is developed and a second phase of five field trial units are built and installed. These eight units accumulate 11 unit-years of service including 15,650 hours and 25,242 cycles of compressor operation. Performance targets can be met. An availability of 60% is achieved and the capability to achieve>90% is demonstrated, but overall reliability is below target, with an average of 3.6 failures/unit-year on the phase 2 demonstration. Most reliability issues are shown to be common to new HVAC products, giving high confidence in mature product reliability, but the need for further work to minimize leaks and ensure reliability of the electronic expansion valve is clear. First cost is projected to be above target, leading to an expectation of 8-24 month payback when substituted for an electric water heater. Despite not meeting all targets, arguments are made that an industry leader could sufficiently develop this technology to impact the water heater market in the near term.
Author: Nicholas Edward Peter Fernandez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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