Perceptions, réglementations et mesures de la qualité des eaux de surface en France, 1854-1964. Le cas des eaux de la ville de Versailles PDF Download
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Author: Tatiana Dmitrieva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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La dégradation de la qualité de l'eau de la Seine à Paris et dans sa banlieue depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle a fait l'objet de plusieurs études. Rares sont les études qui confrontent les perceptions de médecins, d'ingénieurs, d'hygiénistes ou d'administrateurs sur la qualité des eaux des rivières et l'évolution de leur état. Cette confrontation permet d'analyser sur la longue durée l'efficacité des réponses apportées pour améliorer la qualité, ce que nous avons réalisé ici pour la ville de Versailles et ses eaux. La première partie du mémoire décrit les perceptions de la qualité des eaux des rivières par des experts entre 1854 et 1964 sur la base de l'analyse de revues d'hygiène et d'assainissement urbain, montrant l'évolution des indicateurs de qualité et de la réglementation. Versailles a pour particularité d'être, au XIXe siècle, essentiellement alimentée par de l'eau de Seine grâce à la machine de Marly, par le biais d'un Service dépendant directement de l'Etat, conséquences de son passé royal. Mais la qualité de l'eau du fleuve se dégradant à cause des rejets des égouts de Paris, les différentes administrations, locales et nationales, doivent résoudre la question d'approvisionnement en eau alimentaire et recourent à l'aide d'experts pour s'assurer de sa qualité. Les analyses chimiques et bactériologiques effectuées sur les eaux conduisent à l'abandon de l'eau de la Seine en 1894 au profit des eaux de la nappe de Marly-Croissy. En même temps, Versailles rejetait ses eaux usées dans des cours d'eau à faible débit : le ru de Marivel et le ru de Gally. Epidémies et plaintes accompagnent la dégradation de leur état. Les nombreuses expertises menées témoignent de l'intérêt pour la qualité des eaux de surface et en même temps de l'absence de la volonté politique et des limites techniques pour l'améliorer, conduisant à leur sacrifice pendant plus de 100 ans.
Author: Tatiana Dmitrieva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Book Description
La dégradation de la qualité de l'eau de la Seine à Paris et dans sa banlieue depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle a fait l'objet de plusieurs études. Rares sont les études qui confrontent les perceptions de médecins, d'ingénieurs, d'hygiénistes ou d'administrateurs sur la qualité des eaux des rivières et l'évolution de leur état. Cette confrontation permet d'analyser sur la longue durée l'efficacité des réponses apportées pour améliorer la qualité, ce que nous avons réalisé ici pour la ville de Versailles et ses eaux. La première partie du mémoire décrit les perceptions de la qualité des eaux des rivières par des experts entre 1854 et 1964 sur la base de l'analyse de revues d'hygiène et d'assainissement urbain, montrant l'évolution des indicateurs de qualité et de la réglementation. Versailles a pour particularité d'être, au XIXe siècle, essentiellement alimentée par de l'eau de Seine grâce à la machine de Marly, par le biais d'un Service dépendant directement de l'Etat, conséquences de son passé royal. Mais la qualité de l'eau du fleuve se dégradant à cause des rejets des égouts de Paris, les différentes administrations, locales et nationales, doivent résoudre la question d'approvisionnement en eau alimentaire et recourent à l'aide d'experts pour s'assurer de sa qualité. Les analyses chimiques et bactériologiques effectuées sur les eaux conduisent à l'abandon de l'eau de la Seine en 1894 au profit des eaux de la nappe de Marly-Croissy. En même temps, Versailles rejetait ses eaux usées dans des cours d'eau à faible débit : le ru de Marivel et le ru de Gally. Epidémies et plaintes accompagnent la dégradation de leur état. Les nombreuses expertises menées témoignent de l'intérêt pour la qualité des eaux de surface et en même temps de l'absence de la volonté politique et des limites techniques pour l'améliorer, conduisant à leur sacrifice pendant plus de 100 ans.
Author: Gabrielle Bouleau
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786304813
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
The legitimacy of environmental policies is an issue of increasing concern for analysts. Ecological stakes are deemed to be global, but global public decisions are rare and implemented with difficulty. Dissensus prevails on environmental ethics and there is little evidence of any greening of policy tools. The global framing of the environment fails to account for how people relate to the ecological realities which surround them. Rather than placing the environment at a distance, Politicization of Ecological Issues advocates for building legitimacy from people’s perceptions of singular forms and patterns in their environment. Based on scholarly literature in political ecology and empirical cases of water policy in Europe, the book shows how the qualification of environmental realities has been politicized and translated into motives for public action. Similarly, it argues that theoretical debates addressing the ecological crisis are not only dealing with ideas, but rather advocating for specific environmental forms that are deemed to be motives of hope or worry.
Author: Walter W. Davis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401192413
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
It has been said that never has a monarch so narrowly missed "greatness" as did the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. An idealistic, sincere, and hardworking monarch whose ultilitarian bent, humanitarian instincts, and ambitious programs of reform in every area of public concern have prompted historians to term him an "enlightened despot," "revolutionary Emperor," "philosopher on a throne," and a ruler ahead of his time, Joseph has also been condemned for being insensitive to the phobias and follies of his subjects, essentially unrealistic, almost utopian, in establishing his goals, and dogmatic and overly precipitous in trying to achieve them. Efforts to analyze and explain the actions of this complex and controversial personality have involved a number of savants in investigations of "Josephinism" (or as I prefer to call it, "Josephism"), dealing in great detail with the motiva tions, substance, and influence of his innovations. The roots of Josephism run deep, but can be observed emerging here and there from the intellectual and political soil that nourished them, before joining the central trunk of the system formulated during the latter years of Maria Theresa's reign to grow to an ephemeral and stunted maturity under Joseph II.
Author: Robert Pickard
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1135158746
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
This book examines key themes for the management of historic urban centres within a representative sample of centres in different European countries. The twelve historic centres that have been chosen are spread throughout Europe. They are diverse in character and the range includes small towns, cities and urban centres within cities. Some have been designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites or Cities, whilst others have recognition, or have been proposed as European Cities of Culture. The centres have all faced different problems and a variety of approaches have been utilised which are also examined. For each of the historic centres in the book the authors broadly cover a number of common themes: the policy and planning framework; management and regeneration action; environmental management; tourism and heritage management; and sustainability.
Author: Philo (of Alexandria.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 530
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Author: Roland Miller
Publisher: UNM Press
ISBN: 0826356265
Category : Photography
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Stenciled on many of the deactivated facilities at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the evocative phrase “abandoned in place” indicates the structures that have been deserted. Some structures, too solid for any known method of demolition, stand empty and unused in the wake of the early period of US space exploration. Now Roland Miller’s color photographs document the NASA, Air Force, and Army facilities across the nation that once played a crucial role in the space race. Rapidly succumbing to the elements and demolition, most of the blockhouses, launch towers, tunnels, test stands, and control rooms featured in Abandoned in Place are located at secure military or NASA facilities with little or no public access. Some have been repurposed, but over half of the facilities photographed no longer exist. The haunting images collected here impart artistic insight while preserving an important period in history.
Author: Clare Carlisle
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136725709
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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For Aristotle, excellence is not an act but a habit, and Hume regards habit as ‘the great guide of life’. However, for Proust habit is problematic: ‘if habit is a second nature, it prevents us from knowing our first.’ What is habit? Do habits turn us into machines or free us to do more creative things? Should religious faith be habitual? Does habit help or hinder the practice of philosophy? Why do Luther, Spinoza, Kant, Kierkegaard and Bergson all criticise habit? If habit is both a blessing and a curse, how can we live well in our habits? In this thought-provoking book Clare Carlisle examines habit from a philosophical standpoint. Beginning with a lucid appraisal of habit’s philosophical history she suggests that both receptivity and resistance to change are basic principles of habit-formation. Carlisle shows how the philosophy of habit not only anticipates the discoveries of recent neuroscience but illuminates their ethical significance. She asks whether habit is a reliable form of knowledge by examining the contrasting interpretations of habitual thinking offered by Spinoza and Hume. She then turns to the role of habit in the good life, tracing Aristotle’s legacy through the ideas of Joseph Butler, Hegel, and Félix Ravaisson, and assessing the ambivalent attitudes to habit expressed by Nietzsche and Proust. She argues that a distinction between habit and practice helps to clarify this ambivalence, particularly in the context of habit and religion, where she examines both the theology of habit and the repetitions of religious life. She concludes by considering how philosophy itself is a practice of learning to live well with habit.
Author: Félix Régamey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Author: Timothy Murithi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135189515X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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The African Union was established in July 2002 by African leaders, evolving from the Organization of African Unity (OAU). However the idea of the African Union can be traced to the Pan-Africanist movement. Timothy Murithi looks at the emergence of Pan-Africanism and how it was institutionalized through the Pan-African Congress and the OAU. He argues that the African Union represents the third phase of the institutionalization of Pan-Africanism. The book examines the limitations of the OAU and discusses whether the African Union can adopt a more interventionist stance in dealing with peacebuilding and development in Africa. The volume assesses the African Union's peace and security institutions and analyzes how it is beginning to collaborate with civil society. It takes a critical look at the Union's New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and argues that Africa needs to adopt a developmental and governance agenda that will be much more responsive towards improving the well-being and livelihood of its peoples.
Author: Vincent Carretta
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
ISBN: 0820362972
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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This definitive biography tells the story of the former slave Olaudah Equiano (1745?–1797), who in his day was the English-speaking world’s most renowned person of African descent. Equiano’s greatest legacy is his classic 1789 autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself. A key document of the early movement to ban the slave trade, as well as the fundamental text in the genre of the African American slave narrative, it includes the earliest known purported firsthand description by an enslaved victim of the horrific Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas. Equiano, the African is filled with fresh revelations about this many-sided figure.
