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Author: Kalanidhi Subbarao
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821394614
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
A review of the conceptual underpinnings and operational elements of public works programs around the world., drawing from a rich evidence base and analyzing previously unassimilated data, to fill a gap in knowledge related to public works programs, now so popular.
Author: Kalanidhi Subbarao
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821394614
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
A review of the conceptual underpinnings and operational elements of public works programs around the world., drawing from a rich evidence base and analyzing previously unassimilated data, to fill a gap in knowledge related to public works programs, now so popular.
Author: Michele Gragnolati
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821398431
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
It has been more than 20 years since Brazil's 1988 Constitution formally established the Unified Health System (Sistema Unico de Saude, SUS). Building on reforms that started in the 1980s, the SUS represented a significant break with the past, establishing health care as a fundamental right and duty of the state and initiating a process of fundamentally transforming Brazil's health system to achieve this goal. This report aims to answer two main questions. First is have the SUS reforms transformed the health system as envisaged 20 years ago? Second, have the reforms led to improvements with regard to access to services, financial protection, and health outcomes? In addressing these questions, the report revisits ground covered in previous assessments, but also brings to bear additional or more recent data and places Brazil's health system in an international context. The report shows that the health system reforms can be credited with significant achievements. The report points to some promising directions for health system reforms that will allow Brazil to continue building on the achievements made to date. Although it is possible to reach some broad conclusions, there are many gaps and caveats in the story. A secondary aim of the report is to consider how some of these gaps can be filled through improved monitoring of health system performance and future research. The introduction presents a short review of the history of the SUS, describes the core principles that underpinned the reform, and offers a brief description of the evaluation framework used in the report. Chapter two presents findings on the extent to which the SUS reforms have transformed the health system, focusing on delivery, financing, and governance. Chapter three asks whether the reforms have resulted in improved outcomes with regard to access to services, financial protection, quality, health outcomes, and efficiency. The con
Author: Alaka Holla
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821389807
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
In many low and middle income countries, dismal failures in the quality of public service delivery such as absenteeism among teachers and doctors and leakages of public funds have driven the agenda for better governance and accountability. This has raised interest in the idea that citizens can contribute to improved quality of service delivery by holding policy-makers and providers of services accountable. This proposition is particularly resonant when it comes to the human development sectors health, education and social protection which involve close interactions between providers and citizens/users of services. Governments, NGOs, and donors alike have been experimenting with various social accountability tools that aim to inform citizens and communities about their rights, the standards of service delivery they should expect, and actual performance; and facilitate access to formal redress mechanisms to address service failures. The report reviews how citizens individually and collectively can influence service delivery through access to information and opportunities to use it to hold providers both frontline service providers and program managers accountable. It focuses on social accountability measures that support the use of information to increase transparency and service delivery and grievance redress mechanisms to help citizens use information to improve accountability. The report takes stock of what is known from international evidence and from within projects supported by the World Bank to identify knowledge gaps, key questions and areas for further work. It synthesizes experience to date; identifies what resources are needed to support more effective use of social accountability tools and approaches; and formulates considerations for their use in human development. The report concludes that the relationships between citizens, policy-makers, program managers, and service providers are complicated, not always direct or easily altered through a single intervention, such as an information campaign or scorecard exercise. The evidence base on social accountability mechanisms in the HD sectors is under development. There is a small but growing set of evaluations which test the impact of information interventions on service delivery and HD outcomes. There is ample space for future experiments to test how to make social accountability work at the country level.
Author: David H. Peters
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821379437
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Reliable information on how health service strategies affect the poor is in short supply. In an attempt to redress the imbalance, 'Improving Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries' presents evidence on strategies for strengthening health service delivery, based on systematic reviews of the literature, quantitative and qualitative analyses of existing data, and seven country case studies. The authors also explore how changes in coverage of different health services affect each other on the national level. Finally, the authors explain why setting international targets for health services has been not been successful and offer an alternative approach based on a specific country's experience.The book's findings are clear and hopeful: There are many ways to improve health services. Measuring change and using information to guide decisions and inform stakeholders are critically important for successful implementation. Asking difficult questions, using information intelligently, and involving key stakeholders and institutions are central to the "learning and doing" practices that underlie successful health service delivery.
Author: Catherine Farvacque-Vitkovi?
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821358154
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
There has been a dramatic demographic shift from rural areas to cities in sub-Saharan African countries over the last few decades. This continuing urbanisation trend has created new challenges for local governments in terms of managing urban services, since over half of the city streets in these countries have no names or addresses, and the problem is particularly acute in the poorest neighbourhoods. This publication examines the use of street addressing initiatives to address this problem, giving information on current and future applications, considering examples of use in many African countries, and setting out a methodological guide for implementing such initiatives.
Author: Ivo Imparato
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821353707
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
The UN currently estimates that there are about 837 million urban slum dwellers worldwide, and this figure is likely to rise to 1.5 billion by 2020 if current trends are not reversed. This book offers five geographically and institutionally diverse case studies from Latin America, where some of the longest-running and most successful programmes in this field have been conducted. These programmes, involving a wide variety of funding arrangements and agencies, demonstrate the positive impact that community participation and people-oriented service solutions can have on slum upgrading efforts in low income urban areas.
Author: Jürgen René Blum
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464810834
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Building a capable public service is fundamental to postconflict state building. Yet in postconflict settings, short-term pressures often conflict with this longer-term objective. To ensure peace and stabilize fragile coalitions, the imperative for political elites to hand out public jobs and better pay to constituents dominates merit. Donor-financed projects that rely on technical assistants and parallel structures, rather than on government systems, are often the primary vehicle for meeting pressing service delivery needs. What, then, is a workable approach to rebuilding public services postconflict?Paths between Peace and Public Service seeks to answer this question by comparing public service reform trajectories in five countries—Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, and Timor-Leste—in the aftermath of conflict. The study seeks to explain these countries’ different trajectories through process tracing and structured, focused methods of comparative analysis. To reconstruct reform trajectories, the report draws on more than 200 interviews conducted with government officials and other stakeholders, as well as administrative data. The study analyzes how reform trajectories are influenced by elite bargains and highlights their path dependency, shaped by preconflict legacies and the specifics of the conflict period. As the first systematic study on postconflict public service reforms, it identifies lessons for the future engagement of development partners in building public services.“Rebuilding the bureaucracy is possibly the most underappreciated policy and research question in fragile states today. This is one of the most politically astute and thoughtful books I’ve read on postconflict policy making of any kind.”—Christopher Blattman, Ramalee E. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies, Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts, Harris Public Policy, University of Chicago “Rebuilding states after conflict is the greatest challenge in development today. And yet we know precious little about the actual experience of countries that have tried to rebuild their civil service and restore public services. This is a monumental study based on extensive empirical data and field-based research across multiple cases that actually opens up the black box of state building in conflict-affected countries. It should be required reading for anyone who takes on this extraordinary challenge.”—Joel S. Hellman, Dean, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University“There isn’t a more pressing problem in international development than formulating practical strategies for building institutions in fragile states. This book is a remarkable distillation of the frontline experiences of the World Bank in tackling this task. Finally, we have the basis for an empirically grounded assessment of what works and why. Unputdownable.”—James Robinson, Reverend Dr. Richard L. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict and University Professor; Institute Director, Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts, Harris Public Policy, University of Chicago
Author: Yogita Mumssen
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138189X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Developing country governments and the development aid community are acutely aware of the need to find more effective ways to improve basic living conditions for the poor, as traditional approaches of delivering public support have not always led to the results intended. Results-based financing (RBF) instruments, which tie the disbursement of public funding to the achievement of pre-agreed results, are now recognized as one important piece of the aid delivery puzzle. The aim of these instruments is to enhance the effectiveness of public funding. 'Output-Based Aid: Lessons Learned and Best Practices' provides a practical understanding of the experience with output-based aid (OBA), a results-based instrument that is being used to deliver basic infrastructure and social services to the poor, including through public-private partnerships. OBA has been used in the World Bank Group since 2002, including more recently through the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid, which has a mandate to design and test OBA approaches. The authors of this book analyze nearly 200 OBA projects in water and sanitation, energy, health, roads, telecommunications, and education. The piloting phase of OBA has in general been a success and OBA has demonstrated clear advantages over traditional approaches in terms of efficiently targeting subsidies and mobilizing the private sector to serve poor households that would otherwise go without an improved service. OBA has also demonstrated that monitoring for results is possible if appropriate systems are put in place. As the first comprehensive review of OBA in eight years, this book will be an essential reference for infrastructure and social services sector experts and OBA practitioners around the world including staff of international financial institutions, public and private service providers, and NGOs as well as for donors and governments who are interested in piloting or scaling up and mainstreaming OBA approaches. As the first comprehensive review of OBA in eight years, this book will be an essential reference for infrastructure and social services sector experts and OBA practitioners around the world, including staff of international financial institutions, public and private service providers, and NGOs; and for donors and governments who are interested in piloting or scaling-up and mainstreaming OBA approaches.
Author: Julia Bird
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 146481239X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
A unique strategic opportunity beckons Bangladesh. Dhaka, the economic powerhouse of the country,stands on the cusp of a dramatic transformation that could make it much more prosperous and livable.Today, Dhaka is prone to flooding, congestion, and messiness, to a point that is clogging its growth. Buttoward its east, where two major highway corridors will one day intersect, is a vast expanse of largely ruralland. And much of it is within 6 kilometers of the most valuable parts of the city.The time to make the most of this eastward opportunity is now. Many parts of East Dhaka are already beingdeveloped in a haphazard way at an alarmingly rapid pace. Private developers are buying land and filling itwith sand so they can build and sell new houses and apartments. Canals and ponds are disappearing, andthe few narrow roads crossing the area are being encroached by construction. This spontaneousdevelopment could soon make East Dhaka look like the messy western part of the city, and retrofitting it laterwill be more difficult and costlier than properly planning and developing it now.Toward Great Dhaka: A New Urban Development Paradigm Eastward seeks to analyze how the opportunity ofEast Dhaka could be realized. Using state-of-the-art modeling techniques, the study simulates population,housing, economic activity, and commuting times across the 266 unions that constitute Greater Dhaka. Itdoes so under various scenarios for the development of East Dhaka, but always assessing the implicationsfor the entire city.The simulations suggest that pursuing a strategic approach to the development of East Dhaka would makeGreater Dhaka a much more productive and livable city than continuing with business as usual. Based oncurrent trends, Greater Dhaka would have a population of 25 million in 2035 and an income per capita ofUS$8,000 at 2015 prices. However, embracing a strategic approach would add 5 million people to the city.And, it would be a more productive city, with nearly 1.8 million more jobs and an income per capita of morethan US$9,200 at 2015 prices, enough to put Dhaka on the map of global cities.
Author: Philip G. Altbach
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821388061
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
This book examines the experience of 11 universities in nine countries around the world that have grappled with the challenge of building successful research institutions in difficult circumstances and outlines key lessons of from this experience.
