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Author: Yamunalinie Pathmanathan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Stormwater has become the major pollution source to the receiving water bodies in many urban areas due to increased development and improved control of point source pollution. Polluted urban stormwater contains a number of hazardous constituents, such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These pollutants are to a considerable extent associated with solids and can therefore be removed from the stormwater through sedimentation and particle attachment to aquatic vegetation. Due to this fact, filtration has frequently been used as a method for the treatment of stormwater. Information regarding particle characteristics and associated pollutants in stormwater is therefore of great importance to engineers involved of the design of Best Management Practices (BMPs). There are two objectives of this research. The first one was to investigate the inflow and outflow particle characteristics (such as Particle size distribution (PSD), Volume distribution, Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and Total suspended solids (TSS)) associated with various filtration BMPs throughout Austin, TX that receive stormwater drainage from a highway and parking lots. The BMP used at these sites were the sedimentation filters also known as Austin sand filter and a sand beach bio-filtration pond. The PSD of commercial and multi family residential zone runoff was measured in four storm events in 2009 rainy season. An experimental protocol was developed to measure the PSD carried by street runoff and to achieve repeatable and reliable results. Measurements of particle characteristics at the filter inflow and outflow for several storm events were carried out. The influent and effluent samples were taken at different time intervals for each storm events. A total of 72 grab samples were analyzed from the three monitoring sites. In each storm event the, particle concentration decreased rapidly in the early part of the storm and then declined more slowly throughout the storm. Particle concentration was correlated with total suspended solids. The second objective was to compare the performance of several types of filtration systems --City of Austin sand filter (COA), COA biofilter mix, and a biofilter with mortar sand media that is consistent with the filtration recommendations of the Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB). The Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB) was formed in Australia in mid-2005 as an unincorporated joint venture between the Institute for Sustainable Water Resources (ISWR), Monash University and EDAW Australia (previously Ecological Engineering). The COA sand filter is currently used at numerous sites in Austin whereas the other two designs are experimental.
Author: Yamunalinie Pathmanathan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Stormwater has become the major pollution source to the receiving water bodies in many urban areas due to increased development and improved control of point source pollution. Polluted urban stormwater contains a number of hazardous constituents, such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These pollutants are to a considerable extent associated with solids and can therefore be removed from the stormwater through sedimentation and particle attachment to aquatic vegetation. Due to this fact, filtration has frequently been used as a method for the treatment of stormwater. Information regarding particle characteristics and associated pollutants in stormwater is therefore of great importance to engineers involved of the design of Best Management Practices (BMPs). There are two objectives of this research. The first one was to investigate the inflow and outflow particle characteristics (such as Particle size distribution (PSD), Volume distribution, Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and Total suspended solids (TSS)) associated with various filtration BMPs throughout Austin, TX that receive stormwater drainage from a highway and parking lots. The BMP used at these sites were the sedimentation filters also known as Austin sand filter and a sand beach bio-filtration pond. The PSD of commercial and multi family residential zone runoff was measured in four storm events in 2009 rainy season. An experimental protocol was developed to measure the PSD carried by street runoff and to achieve repeatable and reliable results. Measurements of particle characteristics at the filter inflow and outflow for several storm events were carried out. The influent and effluent samples were taken at different time intervals for each storm events. A total of 72 grab samples were analyzed from the three monitoring sites. In each storm event the, particle concentration decreased rapidly in the early part of the storm and then declined more slowly throughout the storm. Particle concentration was correlated with total suspended solids. The second objective was to compare the performance of several types of filtration systems --City of Austin sand filter (COA), COA biofilter mix, and a biofilter with mortar sand media that is consistent with the filtration recommendations of the Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB). The Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB) was formed in Australia in mid-2005 as an unincorporated joint venture between the Institute for Sustainable Water Resources (ISWR), Monash University and EDAW Australia (previously Ecological Engineering). The COA sand filter is currently used at numerous sites in Austin whereas the other two designs are experimental.
Author: Tracy Steven Schwarz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Storm water retention basins
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Author: Nancy E. McTigue
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 0898679648
Category : Particle counting (Water treatment plants)
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Author: Andrew J. Erickson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461446244
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance provides the information necessary for developing and operating an effective maintenance program for stormwater treatment. The book offers instructions on how to measure the level of performance of stormwater treatment practices directly and bases proposed maintenance schedules on actual performance and historical maintenance efforts and costs. The inspection methods, which are proven in the field and have been implemented successfully, are necessary as regulatory agencies are demanding evaluations of the performance of stormwater treatment practices. The authors have developed a three-tiered approach that offers readers a standard protocol for how to determine the effectiveness of stormwater treatment practices currently in place.
Author: Harpreet Singh Kandra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Hydraulic performance of granular filter media and its evolution over time is a key design parameter for stormwater filtration and infiltration systems that are now increasingly used in management of polluted urban runoff. Clogging of filter media is recognised as a limiting factor of these stormwater treatment systems. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to understand clogging processes in the context of stormwater treatment systems. Of particular interest are non-vegetated high-flow rate filtration systems, which have the potential of maintaining high rate treatment at the same time as providing consistent and high pollutant removal. This thesis therefore focuses on the clogging of stormwater filters with high infiltration rates. The impacts of both design and operational variables on clogging have been studied in controlled laboratory environments using a compressed timescale approach. Laboratory investigations have also been made to assess the importance of biological clogging for these stormwater filters. Finally, observations from a field and modelling study of a filtration system located in Melbourne were compared with the findings from the laboratory studies. It was found that while angularity and smoothness of filter media may not be important for design, the flow rate through the stormwater treatment system is a key design aspect that needs to be considered. The infiltration rate of a system should be guided by the objectives of the system - whether to treat more volume of stormwater or to achieve better treatment performance, longevity and maintenance. The size of the filter media particles significantly impacted the clogging process, as well as the overall sediment removal performance of the filters. Deeper systems were found to have longer lifespan compared to shallower ones, even though the deeper systems removed more sediment over their life span. Having two layers of distinct sized media in the filter bed improved performance over the single-layered systems.Results suggest that sediment concentration in stormwater and size of sediments stormwater are important parameters that affect the performance and eventually longevity of these treatment systems. While hydraulic loading rate was found to be a significant parameter affecting the performance of these systems, any variation in the stormwater composition and loading regime had a limited effect. This study therefore developed an understanding of the effect of catchmentcharacteristics on design of filters and hence their longevity and maintenance needs.It was also found that filters with enhanced biological conditions clogged faster as compared to filters with suppressed biological activity. Although the evidence was not overpowering, the variations observed in this study suggest that more attention should be given to biological clogging in stormwater filters, which is mostly ignored at present. Data from a field system using granular filters was collected and observations were compared with findings from laboratory studies. Similarities in evolution of infiltration performance in field based systems were observed. An exponential relationship between decline of infiltration rate and cumulative volume of treated stormwater to predict the system's hydraulic performance was developed.This research has provided both theoretical and practical insights which will be useful in the application of stormwater infiltration systems that use filters with high infiltration rates for both stormwater harvesting and protection of receiving waters from stormwater pollution.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1422331423
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
Author: Gary S. Logsdon
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1613000847
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Water operators will find a wealth of hands-on information on the operation and maintenance of pretreatment, rapid-rate granular media filtration, slow-sand filtration, and diatomaceous-earth filtration systems in this book. This practical guide provides recommended procedures for operating, monitoring, and maintaining all types of filters used for conventional water treatment. These procedures are tested and time-proven by hundreds of water utilities and filtration experts to provide high filter efficiency, excellent water quality, long filter runs and minimum downtime. The book also gives advice on what not to do-and why-so you can avoid water quality problems, filter damage, and treatment problems in the future.
Author: Belinda E. Hatt
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780980583113
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
Author: J. A. Horwatich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic government information
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Granular filters incorporated in stormwater conveyance systems can mitigate the impacts of non-point source stormwater by removing waterborne contaminants. Granular materials with a variety of grain shapes are commercially available for these filters. The shape of the media grains affects the filtration performance. Two mechanisms were investigated and demonstrate that using media grains that are less spherical improves filtration performance. One-contact removal represents storage of particles on a single isolated media grain. A scalable "Small Pile Model" uses hyperbolic curves for the shape of the toe of slope and peak. The curves can be added by recognizing that the peak hyperbola requires a displacement correction at the toe of slope. The maximum size of the pile increases when the toe of slope is stable. This provides greater one-contact storage for non-spherical media grains as observed in filtration columns. This model is applicable to all granular piles, not just particle piles on filter bed media. Three-contact removal occurs at the narrow openings (pore throats) along the pore tracks through the granular media. Three-dimensional measurements made from sectioned columns of granular media provide data to test a Stepwise Particle Movement Model. The model is conceptually similar to that of Silveira (1965) but modified to predict maximum particle storage in a filter bed. From this model, the minimum pore throat size of spherical grains was shown to adversely affect filter performance. Both mechanisms show theoretically that angular grains store more particles than spherical. The theoretical predictions are consistent with results measured from filtration columns of various crushed and rounded granular media.
