Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China PDF full book. Access full book title Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China by Xinxin Ma. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Xinxin Ma
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813369043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Get Book Here
Book Description
This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author: Xinxin Ma
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813369043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Get Book Here
Book Description
This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author: Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811528306
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 101
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor laws and legislation
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Get Book Here
Book Description
Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews.
Author: Naohiro Ogawa
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401792267
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 225
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.
Author: Orley Ashenfelter
Publisher: North Holland
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 820
Get Book Here
Book Description
Examines labour supply and demand and their impact on the wage structure. Explains the sources of income inequality, and the disincentive effects of attempts to produce a more equal distribution. Labour supply is considered in relation to the incentives which individuals have to provide labour services. Observes that heterogeneity in worker skills and employer demands often tempers the outcomes that would be expected in frictionless labour markets.
Author: Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804768207
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
Author: Haruo Shimada
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199247242
Category : Age and employment
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Marcus Rebick
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 019153000X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Get Book Here
Book Description
The stagnation of the Japanese economy and the ageing of Japanese society has led to major changes in the labour market in Japan. This comprehensive study looks at how the Japanese employment system is adapting to its new economic environment. Using the latest statistical evidence, the book focusses on the growing use of part-time and other forms of atypical employment relationships and illustrates how this is expressed in several different parts of the labour market. Particular attention is given to the changing situation of women, the decline of the family enterprise, the problems faced by older workers and the poor prospects for recent high school graduates. The recent rise in unemployment, including hidden unemployment is analysed. Relations between management and employees in Japanese corporations are also becoming more individualistic with the introduction of performance-related pay and the declining importance of enterprise unions. As a result of these changes, the future may see rising levels of income inequality. The Japanese labour force is declining with the ageing of the population and Japan's ability to cope is examined with special attention given to immigration policy. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in what is happening today in Japan and what the possibilities are for the future.
Author: Kristina R. Huber
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 518
Get Book Here
Book Description
This exhaustive bibliography contains more than 2,300 annotated entries on the lives of women in Japan. It includes books and book chapters, articles in scholarly journals and popular magazines, and published conference papers. The authors have diligently researched databases, bibliographies, and indexes, and have based their detailed annotations on a close examination of the works cited. The volume lists works published in English from 1841 to the present, and a particularly significant feature is the inclusion of literary works by Japanese women. The book is further balanced by material on non-Japanese women living in Japan. All materials are available in the United States through standard interlibrary loan sources. A valuable introduction provides detailed instructions for using the volume. The bibliography is divided into a number of broad sections on the public and private lives of women, and entries in each section are grouped in more specific categories covering home life, politics, education, religion, careers, the arts, and other areas. The sections on literature briefly introduce the lives and works of poets and prose writers, listing their individual works available in English translation. A concluding section provides access to reviews and overviews of scholarship on women in Japan. The extensive author, title, and subject indexes make this book of tremendous value to researchers in a wide range of disciplines.
Author: Kaye Broadbent
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136133461
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 182
Get Book Here
Book Description
The low status accorded to part-time workers in Japan has resulted in huge inequalities in the workplace. This book examines the problem in-depth using case-study investigations in Japanese workplaces, and reveals the extent of the inequality. It shows how many part-time workers, most of whom are women, are concentrated in low paid, low skilled, poorly unionised service sector jobs. Part-time workers in Japan work hours equivalent to, or greater than, full-time workers, but receive lower financial and welfare benefits than their full-time colleagues. Overall, the book demonstrates that the way part-time work is constructed in Japan reinforces and institutionalises the sexual division of labour.
