Author: Jonathan Kingdon
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691249032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
A richly illustrated journey through the evolution of Africa’s extraordinary natural world across deep time Origin Africa is a unique introduction to the natural history and evolution of the most misrepresented continent on Earth. Celebrated evolutionary biologist and artist Jonathan Kingdon, a leading expert on the natural history of Africa, tells this extraordinary story as no one else can. Featuring a wealth of photographs and illustrations, the book is both a visual and narrative feast. Africa is the richest continent, containing every habitat from desert to tropical forest and the widest range of plants and animals found anywhere. It has experienced extraordinary climate fluctuations, meteor bombardment, and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. Yet life has not only survived but evolved almost countless species. One group of primates evolved out of this crucible and moved out of Africa to dominate every continent on Earth. Africa has properties that ensure that most of human evolution couldn’t have occurred anywhere else. A fascinating story told as never before, Origin Africa chronicles how the natural conditions of Africa enabled a spectacular evolution of plants and animals, including Homo sapiens.
Origin Africa
Author: Jonathan Kingdon
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691249032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
A richly illustrated journey through the evolution of Africa’s extraordinary natural world across deep time Origin Africa is a unique introduction to the natural history and evolution of the most misrepresented continent on Earth. Celebrated evolutionary biologist and artist Jonathan Kingdon, a leading expert on the natural history of Africa, tells this extraordinary story as no one else can. Featuring a wealth of photographs and illustrations, the book is both a visual and narrative feast. Africa is the richest continent, containing every habitat from desert to tropical forest and the widest range of plants and animals found anywhere. It has experienced extraordinary climate fluctuations, meteor bombardment, and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. Yet life has not only survived but evolved almost countless species. One group of primates evolved out of this crucible and moved out of Africa to dominate every continent on Earth. Africa has properties that ensure that most of human evolution couldn’t have occurred anywhere else. A fascinating story told as never before, Origin Africa chronicles how the natural conditions of Africa enabled a spectacular evolution of plants and animals, including Homo sapiens.
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691249032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
A richly illustrated journey through the evolution of Africa’s extraordinary natural world across deep time Origin Africa is a unique introduction to the natural history and evolution of the most misrepresented continent on Earth. Celebrated evolutionary biologist and artist Jonathan Kingdon, a leading expert on the natural history of Africa, tells this extraordinary story as no one else can. Featuring a wealth of photographs and illustrations, the book is both a visual and narrative feast. Africa is the richest continent, containing every habitat from desert to tropical forest and the widest range of plants and animals found anywhere. It has experienced extraordinary climate fluctuations, meteor bombardment, and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. Yet life has not only survived but evolved almost countless species. One group of primates evolved out of this crucible and moved out of Africa to dominate every continent on Earth. Africa has properties that ensure that most of human evolution couldn’t have occurred anywhere else. A fascinating story told as never before, Origin Africa chronicles how the natural conditions of Africa enabled a spectacular evolution of plants and animals, including Homo sapiens.
History of Africa
Author: Kevin Shillington
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1137524812
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 528
Book Description
This fourth edition of this best-selling core history textbook offers a richly illustrated, single volume, narrative introduction to African history, from a hugely respected authority in the field. The market-leading range of illustrated material from prior editions is now further improved, featuring not only additional and redrawn maps and a refreshed selection of photographs, but the addition of full colour to make these even more instructive, evocative and attractive. Already hugely popular on introductory African History courses, the book has been widely praised for its engaging and readable style, and is unrivalled in scope, both geographically and chronologically – while many competitors limit themselves to certain regions or eras, Shillington chronicles the entire continent, from prehistory right up to the present day. For this new edition, both content and layout have been thoroughly refreshed and restructured to make this wealth of material easily navigable, and even more appealing to students unfamiliar with the subject. New to this Edition: - Now in full colour with fresh new design - Part structure and part intros added to help navigation - New and improved online resources include a new testbank, interactive timelines, lecturer slides, debates In African history, essay questions and further readings - Revised and updated in light of recent research
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1137524812
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 528
Book Description
This fourth edition of this best-selling core history textbook offers a richly illustrated, single volume, narrative introduction to African history, from a hugely respected authority in the field. The market-leading range of illustrated material from prior editions is now further improved, featuring not only additional and redrawn maps and a refreshed selection of photographs, but the addition of full colour to make these even more instructive, evocative and attractive. Already hugely popular on introductory African History courses, the book has been widely praised for its engaging and readable style, and is unrivalled in scope, both geographically and chronologically – while many competitors limit themselves to certain regions or eras, Shillington chronicles the entire continent, from prehistory right up to the present day. For this new edition, both content and layout have been thoroughly refreshed and restructured to make this wealth of material easily navigable, and even more appealing to students unfamiliar with the subject. New to this Edition: - Now in full colour with fresh new design - Part structure and part intros added to help navigation - New and improved online resources include a new testbank, interactive timelines, lecturer slides, debates In African history, essay questions and further readings - Revised and updated in light of recent research
AFURAKA/AFURAITKAIT - The Origin of the term 'Africa'
Author: Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan
Publisher: Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
AFURAKA/AFURAITKAIT - The Origin of the term 'Africa' Numerous scholars over the centuries have attempted to delineate the etymological origins of the name Africa. However, they have failed because of a lack of understanding of Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religion, cosmology and culture. Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan is the first to elucidate and publish the actual etymological origins of the name Africa demonstrating the name to be derived linguistically and cosmologically from Afuraka/Afuraitkait – the original male and female aspects of the name. This includes showing the actual term written by our Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors in the medutu (hieroglyphs) of Ancient Kamit (Ancient Egypt) – a discovery which heretofore had never been accomplished. Afuraka/Afuraitkait is an indigenous designation for the continent first propounded by Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) prior to the existence of any other people on Earth. The myths put forward by eurasians seeking to locate the origins of the name Africa outside of the continent of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) and in the greek, latin, sanskrit, arabic, phoenician and other languages, have been shown in this article series to be a deliberate attempt by the non-Afurakanu/non-Afuraitkaitnut (non-Africans/non-Blacks) to misinform Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) and dispossess us of our heritage and culture. This is nothing new. We have been and will continue to be at war - culturally, intellectually, spiritually and physically - with the whites and their offspring, their culture and their pseudo-religions (inclusive of all forms of christianity, islam, judaism/hebrewism, hinduism, buddhism, taoism, pseudo-esotericism, etc.) until the whites and their offspring no longer exist in the world. We will always meet the challenge and will emerge triumphant on every level. The proper etymology of the term Africa was first given to us in the 12990s (1990s) by our Nananom Nsamanfo – Akan term for our Honored or Spiritually Cultivated Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors. It was our Nananom Nsamanfo who would also lead us to the tangible evidence supporting the etymological origins of the term in the languages, cultures and ritual practices of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) – inclusive of Ancient Khanit and Kamit (Nubia and Egypt). We would subsequently release our publication: KUKUU-TUNTUM The Ancestral Jurisdiction in 13002 (2002), wherein we defined the term Afuraka/Afuraitkait and its cosmological roots in the first section. The release of our article series in 13007-13008 was designed to provide a more detailed analysis of the nature and function of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) as it applies to Black People – and Black People only – and to expose the misinformation which continues to be propagated deliberately by the whites and their offspring, as well as by misinformed Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African~Black) scholars, teachers, authors, etc. This four-part series is the first volume of a greater series. There are numerous manifestations of the term and name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) all over the continent and in the places we traveled after having migrated away from the continent thousands of years ago for the first time in our trustory. This is an attestation to the ancient spiritual roots of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait. The information can and will fill many volumes. This is a never-ending project. ©Copyright by Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan, 13007, 13008, 13011, 13014 (2007, 2008, 2011, 2014). All rights reserved. www.odwirafo.com
Publisher: Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
AFURAKA/AFURAITKAIT - The Origin of the term 'Africa' Numerous scholars over the centuries have attempted to delineate the etymological origins of the name Africa. However, they have failed because of a lack of understanding of Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religion, cosmology and culture. Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan is the first to elucidate and publish the actual etymological origins of the name Africa demonstrating the name to be derived linguistically and cosmologically from Afuraka/Afuraitkait – the original male and female aspects of the name. This includes showing the actual term written by our Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors in the medutu (hieroglyphs) of Ancient Kamit (Ancient Egypt) – a discovery which heretofore had never been accomplished. Afuraka/Afuraitkait is an indigenous designation for the continent first propounded by Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) prior to the existence of any other people on Earth. The myths put forward by eurasians seeking to locate the origins of the name Africa outside of the continent of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) and in the greek, latin, sanskrit, arabic, phoenician and other languages, have been shown in this article series to be a deliberate attempt by the non-Afurakanu/non-Afuraitkaitnut (non-Africans/non-Blacks) to misinform Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) and dispossess us of our heritage and culture. This is nothing new. We have been and will continue to be at war - culturally, intellectually, spiritually and physically - with the whites and their offspring, their culture and their pseudo-religions (inclusive of all forms of christianity, islam, judaism/hebrewism, hinduism, buddhism, taoism, pseudo-esotericism, etc.) until the whites and their offspring no longer exist in the world. We will always meet the challenge and will emerge triumphant on every level. The proper etymology of the term Africa was first given to us in the 12990s (1990s) by our Nananom Nsamanfo – Akan term for our Honored or Spiritually Cultivated Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors. It was our Nananom Nsamanfo who would also lead us to the tangible evidence supporting the etymological origins of the term in the languages, cultures and ritual practices of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) – inclusive of Ancient Khanit and Kamit (Nubia and Egypt). We would subsequently release our publication: KUKUU-TUNTUM The Ancestral Jurisdiction in 13002 (2002), wherein we defined the term Afuraka/Afuraitkait and its cosmological roots in the first section. The release of our article series in 13007-13008 was designed to provide a more detailed analysis of the nature and function of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) as it applies to Black People – and Black People only – and to expose the misinformation which continues to be propagated deliberately by the whites and their offspring, as well as by misinformed Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African~Black) scholars, teachers, authors, etc. This four-part series is the first volume of a greater series. There are numerous manifestations of the term and name Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) all over the continent and in the places we traveled after having migrated away from the continent thousands of years ago for the first time in our trustory. This is an attestation to the ancient spiritual roots of the name Afuraka/Afuraitkait. The information can and will fill many volumes. This is a never-ending project. ©Copyright by Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan, 13007, 13008, 13011, 13014 (2007, 2008, 2011, 2014). All rights reserved. www.odwirafo.com
Africa, the Origin of Life and Black the Color of God
Author: Tiebet Joshua
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1491897279
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
THE BOOK: Africa: The Origin of Life is a 10-year painstaking research on the Bibles story of mankinds cosmogony of which 7 out of the 10 years spent on the research were on full time basis. The Bible says that God created one man in the beginning and went ahead to describe the location of the habitation of the first man. Two important issues in the Bibles story were of great interest to the Author for which he set out to research. These were: ? If the Bible story were taken to be true, it then means that the multi-races and colors in humanity today only came to be years after the creation of the first man, which means that originally, humanity only had one race and color from that man to a certain point in its history. That being so, what was the original color of that man? In other words, was he a Caucasian, a Mongolian, a Negro or an Amerindian and when did the multi-races and colors of people that we have today come to be? ? The earth has gone through so many changes through earthquakes, landslides, tumults, ocean drifts and desert encroachments, and etc., over the years since the creation of the first man. Taking all these into consideration, is it still possible to establish the location of Eden where our first parents lived? In other words, was Eden in America, Europe, Asia, or Africa? And if we are able to establish the continent which Eden was located, is it not correct to say that the first man was a native of that continent? ? Africa is poor and backward today, what are the causes of Africas backwardness? Is there any hope for Africa, or has God forsaken Africa? These and more are the salient questions that this book has biblically, scientifically and historically found answers to. The book is highly explosive and revealing. It would cause so much ripples and likely going to change some of your Biblical beliefs.
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1491897279
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
THE BOOK: Africa: The Origin of Life is a 10-year painstaking research on the Bibles story of mankinds cosmogony of which 7 out of the 10 years spent on the research were on full time basis. The Bible says that God created one man in the beginning and went ahead to describe the location of the habitation of the first man. Two important issues in the Bibles story were of great interest to the Author for which he set out to research. These were: ? If the Bible story were taken to be true, it then means that the multi-races and colors in humanity today only came to be years after the creation of the first man, which means that originally, humanity only had one race and color from that man to a certain point in its history. That being so, what was the original color of that man? In other words, was he a Caucasian, a Mongolian, a Negro or an Amerindian and when did the multi-races and colors of people that we have today come to be? ? The earth has gone through so many changes through earthquakes, landslides, tumults, ocean drifts and desert encroachments, and etc., over the years since the creation of the first man. Taking all these into consideration, is it still possible to establish the location of Eden where our first parents lived? In other words, was Eden in America, Europe, Asia, or Africa? And if we are able to establish the continent which Eden was located, is it not correct to say that the first man was a native of that continent? ? Africa is poor and backward today, what are the causes of Africas backwardness? Is there any hope for Africa, or has God forsaken Africa? These and more are the salient questions that this book has biblically, scientifically and historically found answers to. The book is highly explosive and revealing. It would cause so much ripples and likely going to change some of your Biblical beliefs.
The Invention of Africa
Author: V. Y. Mudimbe
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 9780852552032
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
What is the meaning of Africa and of being African? What is and what is not African philosophy? Is philosophy part of Africanism? These are the kind of fundamental questions which this book addresses. North America: Indiana U Press
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 9780852552032
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
What is the meaning of Africa and of being African? What is and what is not African philosophy? Is philosophy part of Africanism? These are the kind of fundamental questions which this book addresses. North America: Indiana U Press
Africa, Asia, and the History of Philosophy
Author: Peter K. J. Park
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438446438
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Winner of the 2016 Frantz Fanon Prize for Outstanding Book in Caribbean Thought presented by the Caribbean Philosophical Association In this provocative historiography, Peter K. J. Park provides a penetrating account of a crucial period in the development of philosophy as an academic discipline. During these decades, a number of European philosophers influenced by Immanuel Kant began to formulate the history of philosophy as a march of progress from the Greeks to Kant—a genealogy that supplanted existing accounts beginning in Egypt or Western Asia and at a time when European interest in Sanskrit and Persian literature was flourishing. Not without debate, these traditions were ultimately deemed outside the scope of philosophy and relegated to the study of religion. Park uncovers this debate and recounts the development of an exclusionary canon of philosophy in the decades of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. To what extent was this exclusion of Africa and Asia a result of the scientization of philosophy? To what extent was it a result of racism? This book includes the most extensive description available anywhere of Joseph-Marie de Gérando's Histoire comparée des systèmes de philosophie, Friedrich Schlegel's lectures on the history of philosophy, Friedrich Ast's and Thaddä Anselm Rixner's systematic integration of Africa and Asia into the history of philosophy, and the controversy between G. W. F. Hegel and the theologian August Tholuck over "pantheism."
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438446438
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Winner of the 2016 Frantz Fanon Prize for Outstanding Book in Caribbean Thought presented by the Caribbean Philosophical Association In this provocative historiography, Peter K. J. Park provides a penetrating account of a crucial period in the development of philosophy as an academic discipline. During these decades, a number of European philosophers influenced by Immanuel Kant began to formulate the history of philosophy as a march of progress from the Greeks to Kant—a genealogy that supplanted existing accounts beginning in Egypt or Western Asia and at a time when European interest in Sanskrit and Persian literature was flourishing. Not without debate, these traditions were ultimately deemed outside the scope of philosophy and relegated to the study of religion. Park uncovers this debate and recounts the development of an exclusionary canon of philosophy in the decades of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. To what extent was this exclusion of Africa and Asia a result of the scientization of philosophy? To what extent was it a result of racism? This book includes the most extensive description available anywhere of Joseph-Marie de Gérando's Histoire comparée des systèmes de philosophie, Friedrich Schlegel's lectures on the history of philosophy, Friedrich Ast's and Thaddä Anselm Rixner's systematic integration of Africa and Asia into the history of philosophy, and the controversy between G. W. F. Hegel and the theologian August Tholuck over "pantheism."
The Fortunes of Africa
Author: Martin Meredith
Publisher: Public Affairs
ISBN: 1610394593
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Book Description
Africa has been coveted for its riches ever since the era of the Pharaohs. In past centuries, it was the lure of gold, ivory, and slaves that drew fortune-seekers, merchant-adventurers, and conquerors from afar. In modern times, the focus of attention is on oil, diamonds, and other valuable minerals. Land was another prize. The Romans relied on their colonies in northern Africa for vital grain shipments to feed the population of Rome. Arab invaders followed in their wake, eventually colonizing the entire region. More recently, foreign corporations have acquired huge tracts of land to secure food supplies needed abroad, just as the Romans did. In this vast and vivid panorama of history, Martin Meredith follows the fortunes of Africa over a period of 5,000 years. With compelling narrative, he traces the rise and fall of ancient kingdoms and empires; the spread of Christianity and Islam; the enduring quest for gold and other riches; the exploits of explorers and missionaries; and the impact of European colonization. He examines, too, the fate of modern African states and concludes with a glimpse of their future. His cast of characters includes religious leaders, mining magnates, warlords, dictators, and many other legendary figures—among them Mansa Musa, ruler of the medieval Mali empire, said to be the richest man the world has ever known. “I speak of Africa,” Shakespeare wrote, “and of golden joys.” This is history on an epic scale.
Publisher: Public Affairs
ISBN: 1610394593
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Book Description
Africa has been coveted for its riches ever since the era of the Pharaohs. In past centuries, it was the lure of gold, ivory, and slaves that drew fortune-seekers, merchant-adventurers, and conquerors from afar. In modern times, the focus of attention is on oil, diamonds, and other valuable minerals. Land was another prize. The Romans relied on their colonies in northern Africa for vital grain shipments to feed the population of Rome. Arab invaders followed in their wake, eventually colonizing the entire region. More recently, foreign corporations have acquired huge tracts of land to secure food supplies needed abroad, just as the Romans did. In this vast and vivid panorama of history, Martin Meredith follows the fortunes of Africa over a period of 5,000 years. With compelling narrative, he traces the rise and fall of ancient kingdoms and empires; the spread of Christianity and Islam; the enduring quest for gold and other riches; the exploits of explorers and missionaries; and the impact of European colonization. He examines, too, the fate of modern African states and concludes with a glimpse of their future. His cast of characters includes religious leaders, mining magnates, warlords, dictators, and many other legendary figures—among them Mansa Musa, ruler of the medieval Mali empire, said to be the richest man the world has ever known. “I speak of Africa,” Shakespeare wrote, “and of golden joys.” This is history on an epic scale.
Politics of Origin in Africa
Author: Morten Bøås
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1848139985
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
In this revealing new book, Bøås and Dunn explore the phenomenon of 'autochthony' - literally 'son of the soil' - in African politics. In contemporary Africa, questions concerning origin are currently among the most crucial and contested issues in political life, directly relating to the politics of place, belonging, identity and contested citizenship. Thus, land claims and autochthony disputes are the hallmark of political crises in many places on the African continent. Examining the often complex reasons behind this recent rise of autochthony across a number of high-profile case studies - including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Kenya - this is an essential book for anyone wishing to understand the impact of this crucial issue on contemporary African politics and conflicts.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1848139985
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
In this revealing new book, Bøås and Dunn explore the phenomenon of 'autochthony' - literally 'son of the soil' - in African politics. In contemporary Africa, questions concerning origin are currently among the most crucial and contested issues in political life, directly relating to the politics of place, belonging, identity and contested citizenship. Thus, land claims and autochthony disputes are the hallmark of political crises in many places on the African continent. Examining the often complex reasons behind this recent rise of autochthony across a number of high-profile case studies - including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Kenya - this is an essential book for anyone wishing to understand the impact of this crucial issue on contemporary African politics and conflicts.
UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. I, Abridged Edition
Author: Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520066960
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
"This volume covers the period from the end of the Neolithic era to the beginning of the seventh century of our era. This lengthy period includes the civilization of Ancient Egypt, the history of Nubia, Ethiopia, North Africa and the Sahara, as well as of the other regions of the continent and its islands."--Publisher's description
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520066960
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Book Description
"This volume covers the period from the end of the Neolithic era to the beginning of the seventh century of our era. This lengthy period includes the civilization of Ancient Egypt, the history of Nubia, Ethiopia, North Africa and the Sahara, as well as of the other regions of the continent and its islands."--Publisher's description
Africa's Development in Historical Perspective
Author: Emmanuel Akyeampong
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107041155
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 541
Book Description
Why has Africa remained persistently poor over its recorded history? Has Africa always been poor? What has been the nature of Africa's poverty and how do we explain its origins? This volume takes a necessary interdisciplinary approach to these questions by bringing together perspectives from archaeology, linguistics, history, anthropology, political science, and economics. Several contributors note that Africa's development was at par with many areas of Europe in the first millennium of the Common Era. Why Africa fell behind is a key theme in this volume, with insights that should inform Africa's developmental strategies.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107041155
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 541
Book Description
Why has Africa remained persistently poor over its recorded history? Has Africa always been poor? What has been the nature of Africa's poverty and how do we explain its origins? This volume takes a necessary interdisciplinary approach to these questions by bringing together perspectives from archaeology, linguistics, history, anthropology, political science, and economics. Several contributors note that Africa's development was at par with many areas of Europe in the first millennium of the Common Era. Why Africa fell behind is a key theme in this volume, with insights that should inform Africa's developmental strategies.