Optimum Timeframes for Detecting Songbird Vocalizations in the Black Hills PDF Download
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Author: Todd R. Mills
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Todd R. Mills
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Birdsongs
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Birds are indicators of vegetation structure and ecological conditions. The singing activity of birds declines during late-morning periods, which can affect estimates of abundance and conclusions regarding vegetative conditions indexed by birds. Therefore, it is important to quantify periods of bird activity so biologists can plan studies. We determined hourly detections from singing males of 22 nongame bird species in ponderosa pine, quaking aspen, and grassland vegetation types in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Detections of 12 of 22 species differed among 1-hr intervals after sunrise. Detections of yellowrumped warblers, Townsend's solitaires, red-breasted nuthatches, western tanagers, and American robins decreased on count-episodes more than 4 hrs after sunrise. Detections of dusky flycatchers declined on count-episodes more than 3 hrs after sunrise and detections of black-capped chickadees were greatest during the first hour after sunrise and declined afterward. Detections of many other species from songs or calls decreased on count-episodes more than 5 hrs after sunrise. We recommend that bird counts in the Black Hills be completed within 4 hrs after sunrise so estimates of bird abundance are not affected by reduced singing among males.
Author: Todd R. Mills
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Birdsongs
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Birds are indicators of vegetation structure and ecological conditions. The singing activity of birds declines during late-morning periods, which can affect estimates of abundance and conclusions regarding vegetative conditions indexed by birds. Therefore, it is important to quantify periods of bird activity so biologists can plan studies. We determined hourly detections from singing males of 22 nongame bird species in ponderosa pine, quaking aspen, and grassland vegetation types in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Detections of 12 of 22 species differed among 1-hr intervals after sunrise. Detections of yellowrumped warblers, Townsend's solitaires, red-breasted nuthatches, western tanagers, and American robins decreased on count-episodes more than 4 hrs after sunrise. Detections of dusky flycatchers declined on count-episodes more than 3 hrs after sunrise and detections of black-capped chickadees were greatest during the first hour after sunrise and declined afterward. Detections of many other species from songs or calls decreased on count-episodes more than 5 hrs after sunrise. We recommend that bird counts in the Black Hills be completed within 4 hrs after sunrise so estimates of bird abundance are not affected by reduced singing among males.
Author: Carolyn C. Bohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
The effects on channels of small, low-head seasonal water diversions in the Snake River drainage were investigated. Channels below small diversions were compared to the channels immediately above the same diversions to determine if differences in flow conveyance, substrate sediment size distribution, or streamside vegetation density were present. Estimates of flow conveyance were greater above the diversions, as measured by the area between the edges of vegetation on both banks, and by frequent-flow indicators, which generally approximated bankfull stage. No significant difference in substrate particle size or in channel roughness was found between channels above and below diversions. Although use histories of the diversions were not available, limited observations and conversations with users suggest that many of the diversion structures did not substantially divert high springtime flows so that passage of channel-forming flows probably occurred. Some diversion structures apparently divert or trap a portion of the bedload. Stem diameters of vegetation 6 to 48 inches above the ground were significantly larger above the diversions. Tests of stem densities were not significant. Stratification by substrate, season and size of diversion, community type, and source of summer water may be necessary to properly evaluate the effects of small diversions on vegetation stem density and vigor. The elevation of the edge of vegetation appears to be a viable alternative to frequent flow or bankfull indicators for estimating flow conveyance. It also addresses the question of vegetative encroachment into the channel. Use of the edge of vegetation as a channel feature for flow estimates merits further testing. It appears that the operation of the small forest stream diversions studied has not substantially altered most of the parameters studied. Past hydrographs and historical hydrologic data, however, are needed to fully evaluate the channel and vegetation responses.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 948
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1010
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Author: Peter R. Marler
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080473555
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
The voices of birds have always been a source of fascination. Nature’s Music brings together some of the world’s experts on birdsong, to review the advances that have taken place in our understanding of how and why birds sing, what their songs and calls mean, and how they have evolved. All contributors have strived to speak, not only to fellow experts, but also to the general reader. The result is a book of readable science, richly illustrated with recordings and pictures of the sounds of birds. Bird song is much more than just one behaviour of a single, particular group of organisms. It is a model for the study of a wide variety of animal behaviour systems, ecological, evolutionary and neurobiological. Bird song sits at the intersection of breeding, social and cognitive behaviour and ecology. As such interest in this book will extend far beyond the purely ornithological - to behavioural ecologists psychologists and neurobiologists of all kinds. * The scoop on local dialects in birdsong* How birdsongs are used for fighting and flirting* The writers are all international authorities on their subject
Author: David Hackett Fischer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019974369X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 981
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Book Description
This fascinating book is the first volume in a projected cultural history of the United States, from the earliest English settlements to our own time. It is a history of American folkways as they have changed through time, and it argues a thesis about the importance for the United States of having been British in its cultural origins. While most people in the United States today have no British ancestors, they have assimilated regional cultures which were created by British colonists, even while preserving ethnic identities at the same time. In this sense, nearly all Americans are "Albion's Seed," no matter what their ethnicity may be. The concluding section of this remarkable book explores the ways that regional cultures have continued to dominate national politics from 1789 to 1988, and still help to shape attitudes toward education, government, gender, and violence, on which differences between American regions are greater than between European nations.
Author: Thomas A. Waldrop
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160943959
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Prescribed burning is an important tool throughout Southern forests, grasslands, and croplands. The need to control fire became evident to allow forests to regenerate. This manual is intended to help resource managers to plan and execute prescribed burns in Southern forests and grasslands. A new appreciation and interest has developed in recent years for using prescribed fire in grasslands, especially hardwood forests, and on steep mountain slopes. Proper planning and execution of prescribed fires are necessary to reduce detrimental effects, such as the impacts on air and downstream water quality. Check out these related products: Trees at Work: Economic Accounting for Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/trees-work-economic-accounting-forest-ecosystem-services-us-south Soil Survey Manual 2017 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/soil-survey-manual-march-2017 Quantifying the Role of the National Forest System Lands in Providing Surface Drinking Water Supply for the Southern United States is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/quantifying-role-national-forest-system-lands-providing-surface-drinking-water-supply Fire Management Today print subscription is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/fire-management-today Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/wildland-fire-ecosystems-fire-and-nonnative-invasive-plants
