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Author: Mansi Vijay Prajapati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Data center cooling is becoming important to maintain environmental condition for ITEInformation technology equipment. Conventional evaporative wet cooling media lowers the temperature of the dry bulb temperature of incoming air in which heat transfer to water film and sensibly cool the product air by increasing moisture into air. Wet cooling media technique requires large quantity of clean water, which is reducing area where water is very less. Therefore, indirect evaporative cooling is good alternative. Chiller plants/Indirect Evaporative cooling(IEC) are used as a cooling source for larger data centers as they are more efficient in heat transfer without adding moisture into product air. In this study, Chilled water is supplied to the heat exchanger unit ASC- 8 row copper coils indirect heat exchanger. Hot air stream across the coils transfer heat energy to the chilled water inside the coil and excessive moisture in secondary air will be condensed before the outlet as it will reach to the dew point. Focus of this study is to identify the various configurations for cooling coils. Parametric study has been carried out to show the impact of both water and air velocities on coil performance. Variable primary flow of water in chilled water cooling unit has been studied to improve efficiency with reducing pumping power. Weather bin analysis of DFW area for several months has been done. Optimization of coil design has been studied by maintaining balance with coil face area, air pressure drop, and water pressure drop parameters. Numerical simulation data has been validated with Aztek indirect evaporative cooling unit.
Author: Mansi Vijay Prajapati
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Data center cooling is becoming important to maintain environmental condition for ITEInformation technology equipment. Conventional evaporative wet cooling media lowers the temperature of the dry bulb temperature of incoming air in which heat transfer to water film and sensibly cool the product air by increasing moisture into air. Wet cooling media technique requires large quantity of clean water, which is reducing area where water is very less. Therefore, indirect evaporative cooling is good alternative. Chiller plants/Indirect Evaporative cooling(IEC) are used as a cooling source for larger data centers as they are more efficient in heat transfer without adding moisture into product air. In this study, Chilled water is supplied to the heat exchanger unit ASC- 8 row copper coils indirect heat exchanger. Hot air stream across the coils transfer heat energy to the chilled water inside the coil and excessive moisture in secondary air will be condensed before the outlet as it will reach to the dew point. Focus of this study is to identify the various configurations for cooling coils. Parametric study has been carried out to show the impact of both water and air velocities on coil performance. Variable primary flow of water in chilled water cooling unit has been studied to improve efficiency with reducing pumping power. Weather bin analysis of DFW area for several months has been done. Optimization of coil design has been studied by maintaining balance with coil face area, air pressure drop, and water pressure drop parameters. Numerical simulation data has been validated with Aztek indirect evaporative cooling unit.
Author: Tejas Vijay Bhongale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Evaporative cooling media pads are the primary component of importance in direct evaporative cooling units. To increase the overall efficiency of direct evaporative cooling systems, a wet cooling media pad is considered for further optimization in design and operation. An installation technique called 'staging' of cooling media pads is examined and evaluated for its incremental cooling, water usage, and operational cooling efficiency. For Staging, a cooling media is divided into multiple vertical sections, and separate water distribution headers control each part. Staging of cooling media can reduce water consumption in data centers and potentially lessen the amount of cooling media required. Increasing the number of stages allows more precise control of humidity and temperature at the discharge. The objective of the present study is to validate a computational model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software in predicting the cooling efficiency of wet cooling pads. At the initial level of this project, a CFD model of cooling media will be developed and analyzed. Then, this CFD model will be validated with existing experimental data for GLASdek or CELdek cooling pads. The basic parameters of influence such as pad thickness, flute angle, water flow rate are considered for parametric studies and their impact on cooling media saturation effectiveness, the pressure drop across the media and water consumption will be reported. Also, the degree of increase in cooling capacities as the cooling media wall is scaled/stacked up to accommodate higher cooling unit flow discharge will be investigated. Furthermore, this model will be further modified for 'staged' installations and analyzed through the simulations. This information will be helpful in understanding and improving wet cooling media performance.
Author: Niket Shah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Conventional data centers are extremely large buildings that have complex power distribution and cooling systems. These traditional brick and mortar data centers employ relatively expensive cooling systems and are inefficient. It has in turn led to an increase in construction and operational costs. Jonathan Koomey, Ph. D. of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimated that worldwide data center power consumption was 152.5 Billion kWh in 2005. In 2007, the US EPA estimated that servers and data centers, "consumed about 61 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) in 2006 (1.5 percent of total U.S. electricity consumption) for a total electricity cost of about $4.5 billion. These inefficiencies of traditional data centers can be overcome by partitioning the server load into modular sections which can be deployed, powered and cooled depending on availability and requirement. Furthermore, improvements in efficiency and operational costs can be achieved by employing "free cooling" to cool the IT equipment through use of air-side economization. Air-side economizers bring in large amounts of ambient air to cool internal heat loads when weather conditions are favorable and result in substantial savings from the cost of running cooling resources. However, if ambient air properties are not suitable to cool information technology (IT) equipment directly, ambient air needs to be conditioned before entering IT equipment. One method of conditioning outside air is to use direct evaporative cooling which sprays atomized water as air passes through an evaporative cooling zone. Atomized water vaporizes and conditions air passing through the cooling zone by adding moisture and reducing its temperature, thus foregoing expensive computer air conditioning units (CRACs). The first part of the thesis will discuss various cooling techniques available for air-side economizer. The effect of various ambient environment conditions corresponding to different controls and/or environmental conditioning are required to optimize energy efficiency is studied. ASHRAE recommended Psychrometric chart for the operating environment is used to determine the water requirements for direct evaporative zone. In the second phase, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed using commercially available CFD tool, Fluent, to determine the performance of direct evaporative cooling in an air-side economizer. Various factors that affect performance of evaporative cooling, such as particle sizes of atomized water, ambient air temperature and humidity, water temperature are invested in this study.
Author: Daniel Ingo Hefft
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323886272
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers covers the basic engineering and technical principles behind the operation and construction of evaporative coolers, also highlighting challenges. The book presents the reader with selected case studies on modelling in the cooling chamber and explains the economic implications an evaporative structure can bring. Edited by a team of specialists, the book also explains the strong dependence of the technology's performance on environmental conditions, and hence the limits on temperature control in the preservation of post-harvest agriculture products. Evaporative coolers are an ancient technology, invented long before the introduction of chemical refrigerants as used in modern fridges or cooling towers. This two volume set covers the topic, with practical applications, construction techniques, and operation of the technology. - Thoroughly explores unit operations and engineering principles of evaporative coolers - Includes CFD modelling on evaporative cooling structures - Covers the economics of evaporative coolers
Author: Robert Deane Mitchell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steam power-plants
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Author: Hoseyn Sayyaadi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128166576
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
Modelling, Assessment, and Optimization of Energy Systems provides comprehensive methodologies for the thermal modelling of energy systems based on thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and exergoenviromental approaches. It provides advanced analytical approaches, assessment criteria and the methodologies to obtain analytical expressions from the experimental data. The concept of single-objective and multi-objective optimization with application to energy systems is provided, along with decision-making tools for multi-objective problems, multi-criteria problems, for simplifying the optimization of large energy systems, and for exergoeconomic improvement integrated with a simulator EIS method. This book provides a comprehensive methodology for modeling, assessment, improvement of any energy system with guidance, and practical examples that provide detailed insights for energy engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and researchers in the field of analysis and optimization of energy systems. - Offers comprehensive analytical tools for the modeling and simulation of energy systems with applications for decision-making tools - Provides methodologies to obtain analytical models of energy systems for experimental data - Covers decision-making tools in multi-objective problems
Author: Chua Kian Jon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981158477X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
This book highlights key recent developments in air conditioning technologies for cooling and dehumidification with the specific objectives to improve energy efficiency and to minimize environmental impact. Today, air conditioning, comprising cooling and dehumidification, is a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and even in many industrial processes. This book provides key update on recent developments in air conditioning systems, cooling cycles and innovative cooling/dehumidification technologies. Key technologies related to cooling include heat-driven absorption and adsorption cooling and water-based dew point evaporative cooling. Technologies connected with dehumidification involve new generations of adsorbent–desiccant dehumidifiers, liquid-based desiccants and membranes that sieve out water vapor from air. Losses in cooling cycles and thermo-economic analysis for a sustainable economy are also judiciously documented.
Author: Muhammad Ahmad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Rising global temperature has triggered the cooling demand in the last three decades with growing predictions for the future. The use of conventional energy-intensive and high global warming chemical-based cooling systems is working in a loop, increasing the global warming rate, emissions, and cooling system inventory. Therefore, the development of an innovative cooling system with high energy efficiency, low monetary cost, and environmentally sustainable. The indirect evaporative cooling-based systems have shown potential to serve the purpose because of low energy consumption, absence of energy, and cost-intensive equipment like compressors and water-based operation. A novel indirect evaporative cooler based on an innovative operational configuration is proposed, fabricated, and tested experimentally. The Proposed system has several advancements compared to the conventional indirect evaporative coolers like high operational reliability, low maintenance, and better control of the processes in the system. The study shows that the proposed system can achieve a temperature drop of as high as 14°C. The maximum cooling capacity of the system is calculated as 110 W, and the cooling performance index of 28. The performance of the cooler improves with increasing outdoor air temperature which makes it suitable for diverse climatic conditions. Moreover, the proposed design offers several benefits due to novel operational configurations by addressing limitations in the earlier systems.
Author: Jie Lin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783031307607
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book systematically discusses state-of-the-art dew-point evaporative cooling and provides key insights into current research efforts and future research interests. Novel energy-efficient and environment-friendly cooling technologies are essential to reduce the sharply rising energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Conventional air-conditioners which adopt a vapor compression cycle are neither energy-efficient nor sustainable due to the use of compressors and chemical refrigerants, as well as their intrinsic coupling of sensible and latent cooling loads. With the merits of high energy efficiency and the ability to decouple cooling loads without using chemical refrigerants, indirect dew-point evaporative cooling provides an ideal alternative solution to air conditioning in a variety of applications. A comprehensive review of evaporative cooling and their underlying engineering challenges is included. Advanced engineering andmodeling experience critical to the development of dew-point evaporative coolers are highlighted. The effective analysis techniques for dew-point evaporative coolers are documented, and their intrinsic characteristics captured by these methods are reported. Lastly, advanced dew-point evaporative cooling systems in various energy-connected applications are discussed by providing multiple case studies. Specifically targeted at HVAC engineers, thermal scientists, and energy-engineering researchers, this book will balance fundamental concepts, industrial applications, and leading-edge research. As this book provides readers with depth and breadth of coverage, it can also be used by graduate-level students in relevant fields.
Author: Daniel Ingo Hefft
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323900399
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers covers the basic engineering and technical principles behind the operation and construction of evaporative coolers, also highlighting challenges. The book presents the reader with selected case studies on modelling in the cooling chamber and explains the economic implications an evaporative structure can bring. Edited by a team of specialists, the book also explains the strong dependence of the technology's performance on environmental conditions, and hence the limits on temperature control in the preservation of post-harvest agriculture products. Evaporative coolers are an ancient technology, invented long before the introduction of chemical refrigerants as used in modern fridges or cooling towers. This two volume set covers the topic, with practical applications, construction techniques, and operation of the technology. Thoroughly explores unit operations and engineering principles of evaporative coolers Includes CFD modelling on evaporative cooling structures Covers the economics of evaporative coolers
