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Author: Joana Cassidy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429606168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
This work investigated two different approaches to optimize biological sulphate reduction in order to develop a process control strategy to optimize the input of an electron donor and to study how to increase the feasibility of using a cheap carbon source. Feast/famine regimes, applied to design the control strategy, were shown to induce the accumulation of storage compounds in the sulphate reducing biomass. This study showed that delays in the response time and a high control gain can be considered as the most critical factors affecting a sulphide control strategy in bioreactors. The delays are caused by the induction of different metabolic pathways in the anaerobic sludge, including the accumulation of storage products. On this basis, a mathematical model was developed and validated. This can be used to develop optimal control strategies. In order to understand the microbial pathways in the anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulphate reduction (AOM-SR), diverse potential electron donors and acceptors were added to in vitro incubations of an AOM-SR enrichment at high pressure. Acetate was formed in the control group, probably resulting from the reduction of CO2. These results support the hypothesis that acetate may serve as an intermediate in the AOM-SR process.
Author: Joana Cassidy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429606168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
This work investigated two different approaches to optimize biological sulphate reduction in order to develop a process control strategy to optimize the input of an electron donor and to study how to increase the feasibility of using a cheap carbon source. Feast/famine regimes, applied to design the control strategy, were shown to induce the accumulation of storage compounds in the sulphate reducing biomass. This study showed that delays in the response time and a high control gain can be considered as the most critical factors affecting a sulphide control strategy in bioreactors. The delays are caused by the induction of different metabolic pathways in the anaerobic sludge, including the accumulation of storage products. On this basis, a mathematical model was developed and validated. This can be used to develop optimal control strategies. In order to understand the microbial pathways in the anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulphate reduction (AOM-SR), diverse potential electron donors and acceptors were added to in vitro incubations of an AOM-SR enrichment at high pressure. Acetate was formed in the control group, probably resulting from the reduction of CO2. These results support the hypothesis that acetate may serve as an intermediate in the AOM-SR process.
Author: Joana Cassidy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This work investigated two different approaches to optimize biological sulphate reduction: to develop a process control strategy to optimize the input of an electron donor and the applicability of a cheap carbon source, i.e., methane. For the design of a control strategy that uses the organic loading rate (OLR) as control input, feast and famine behaviour conditions were applied to a sulphate reducing bioreactor to excite the dynamics of the process. Such feast/famine regimes were shown to induce the accumulation of carbon, and possibly sulphur, storage compounds in the sulphate reducing biomass. This study showed that delays in the response time and a high control gain can be considered as the most critical factors affecting the application of a sulphide control strategy in bioreactors. The delays are caused by the induction of different metabolic pathways in the anaerobic sludge including the accumulation of storage products. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and sulphate were found to accumulate in the biomass present in the inversed fluidized bed used in this study, and consequently, they were considered to be the main storage compounds used by SRB. On this basis a mathematical model was developed which showed a good fit between experimental and simulated data giving further support to key role of accumulation processes. In order to understand the microbial pathways in the anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulphate reduction (AOM-SR) diverse potential electron donors and acceptors were added to in vitro incubations of an AOM-SR enrichment at high pressure with several co-substrates. The AOM-SR is stimulated by the addition of acetate which has not been reported for any other AOM-SR performing communities. In addition, acetate was formed in the control group probably resulting from the reduction of CO2. These results support the hypothesis that acetate may serve as an intermediate in the AOM-SR process, at least in some groups of anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) and sulphate reducing bacteria.
Author: Luis Carlos Reyes-Alvarado
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429799292
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
The main objective of this research was to optimize the electron donor supply in sulphate reducing bioreactors treating sulphate rich wastewater. Two types of electron donor were tested: lactate and slow release electron donors such as carbohydrate based polymers and lignocellulosic biowastes. Biological sulphate reduction was evaluated in different bioreactor configurations: the inverse fluidized bed, sequencing batch and batch reactors. The reactors were tested under steady-state, high-rate and transient-state feeding conditions of electron donor and acceptor, respectively. The results showed that the inverse fluidized bed reactor configuration is robust and resilient to transient and high-rate feeding conditions at a hydraulic retention time as low as 0.125 d. The biological sulphate reduction was limited by the COD:sulphate ratio ( 82% either using carbohydrate based polymers or lignocellulosic bio-wastes, in batch bioreactors. The biological sulphate reduction was limited by the hydrolysis-fermentation rate and by the complexity of the slow release electron donors.
Author: Guang-Hao Chen
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1789060354
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 867
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Book Description
The first edition of this book was published in 2008 and it went on to become IWA Publishing’s bestseller. Clearly there was a need for it because over the twenty years prior to 2008, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment had advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a fundamental first-principles approach based on chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, mathematics and modelling. However the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments was overwhelming for young water professionals, particularly in developing countries without readily available access to advanced-level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. For a whole new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, this book assembled and integrated the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world who have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. This material had matured to the degree that it had been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. The first edition of the book offered, that upon completion of an in-depth study of its contents, the modern approach of modelling and simulation in wastewater treatment plant design and operation could be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks, or biofilm systems. However, the advances and developments in wastewater treatment have accelerated over the past 12 years since publication of the first edition. While all the chapters of the first edition have been updated to accommodate these advances and developments, some, such as granular sludge, membrane bioreactors, sulphur conversion-based bioprocesses and biofilm reactors which were new in 2008, have matured into new industry approaches and are also now included in this second edition. The target readership of this second edition remains the young water professionals, who will still be active in the field of protecting our precious water resources long after the aging professors who are leading some of these advances have retired. The authors, all still active in the field, are aware that cleaning dirty water has become more complex but that it is even more urgent now than 12 years ago, and offer this second edition to help the young water professionals engage with the scientific and bioprocess engineering principles of wastewater treatment science and technology with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence built on stronger competence.
Author: Jayanta Bhattacharya
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 012812511X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Low Cost Wastewater Bioremediation Technology: Innovative Treatment of Sulphate and Metal Rich Wastewater provides users with an authoritative guide on the technologies, processes and considerations needed for the treatment of Sulphate and Metal rich wastewaters. In this book, the authors not only explain the associated technologies, but also provide suitable alternatives to commercial treatment in terms of performance and cost effectiveness. As enormous quantities of sulphates and metal-rich contaminates are released into the environment each year, the technologies noted in the book provide the most eco-friendly, low cost and efficient alternatives available. Covers the efficiency of treatment in terms of scale, efficiency and effectiveness of different bioremediation technologies for wastewater remediation Discusses the economics of treatment and the development of suitable alternatives in terms of performance and cost effectiveness
Author: Alon Lebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sulfur bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Author: Changyong Wu
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536191400
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
"Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Author: Ouyang C.F.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 952
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Book Description
Author: Motaz Zarooq
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
