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Author: Edilio Valentini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Edilio Valentini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Chenyu Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Chapter 1: The Role of Technological Innovation in Global Climate Policy: In the first chapter, we build a dynamic model of the global economy and climate with three endogenous knowledge stocks. We confirm that the contribution of induced R&D in global climate change is shown to be very sensitive to the elasticity of substitution between energy and other factors of production. Since growth patterns of all types of research depend on whether inputs are gross complements or gross substitutes. Second, the duplication externality. Induced R&D generates a lower abatement cost reduction if we externalize duplication in the business as usual scenario. We exclude duplication in the business as usual scenario since a research institute is based on their contract to do their research. As long as they generate research outputs they would receive payments, they recognize the duplication but they think they will get paid for producing it whether their outputs have been duplicated or not. In reality, agents use too much R&D in the business as usual scenario because they do not take into account the duplication externality. Thus, when the social planner does the optimal scenario, the additional benefits of R&D may not be very much at all. Third, the initial level of research expenditure. Higher initial levels of energy related R&D shares would create a market size effect, leading to an increased contribution of induced R&D. Gerlagh (2008) uses much higher initial energy related shares whereas our research's estimates are much lower, we find this difference would affect the size of the effects of the induced R&D. Fourth, the inter-firm knowledge spillovers. Firms are not successful in capturing all the benefits they create, as many benefits flow out into other firms free of charge. These benefits are called inter-firm knowledge spillovers. Fifth, first-best and second-best policies. The first-best policy fully internalizes the inter-firm knowledge spillovers, which leads to increases in the levels of all types of research whereas the second-best policy does not internalize it, which leads to induced changes in research resulting from the carbon tax affecting pre-existing market distortions. Sixth, a research dividend effect and tax burden effect. The tax may induce an increase in research expenditure, which would increase the welfare and consumption levels. Finally, the results demonstrated that induced R&D has a limited role on the abatement cost reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, overall. Chapter 2: Environmental Policy, Mergers and Environmental R&D with Spillovers: Our research topic is "Environmental Policy, Mergers and Environmental R&D with Spillovers". This project lies at the frontier between environmental economics and industrial organization. We use a duopoly setting of a three-stage game; in the first stage, the government chooses an emission tax and aims for maximizing welfare; in the second stage, firms use R&D to reduce their emissions; in the last stage, firms compete a la Cournot with differentiated products. We focus on two policy regimes and three scenarios, namely regimes of competition and merger and scenarios of commitment, non-commitment, and exogenous tax. The study focuses on two major questions: (1) what is the effect of merger on R&D, and the effect of commitment on R&D? (2) what is the effect of merger and commitment on the economy? Results are obtained through numerical simulations of the model. We find that: (i) Merger has a positive effect on R&D under non-commitment and the exogenous tax scenarios. (ii) Under commitment, if goods are imperfect substitutes or homogenous, merger has a negative effect on R if goods are complements or independent, merger has a positive effect on R&D. (iii) For any types of goods under any regime, commitment has a negative effect on R&D. Chapter 3: Monopoly with Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental R&D: Our research topic is the effect of the monopolist with corporate social responsibility in the presence of environmental R&D. This project lies at the frontier between environmental economics and industrial organization. We model a monopolist with corporate social responsibility setting in a three-stage game; in the first stage, the regulator determines the emission tax to maximize welfare; in the second stage, the monopolist determines R&D to maximize its objective function; in the third stage, the monopolist determines outputs to maximize its objective function. The study focuses on one major question: under the structure of monopoly with corporate social responsibility, if we change the parameters of R&D technology parameter, the degree of social responsibility, and product differentiation, what are the effects on profit, R&D, environmental damage, consumer surplus, and welfare? We find that: (1) increasing R&D technology parameter enhances welfare in terms of higher consumer surplus and lower damage, while also leading to increases in R&D and decreases in profit; (2) increasing the degree of social responsibility increases R&D and welfare in terms of higher consumer surplus and profit, but also increases the damage; and (3) increasing product differentiation increases profit, R&D, and welfare; it also increases the damage but decreases consumer surplus.
Author: Vincent A. W. J. Marchau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030052524
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
This open access book focuses on both the theory and practice associated with the tools and approaches for decisionmaking in the face of deep uncertainty. It explores approaches and tools supporting the design of strategic plans under deep uncertainty, and their testing in the real world, including barriers and enablers for their use in practice. The book broadens traditional approaches and tools to include the analysis of actors and networks related to the problem at hand. It also shows how lessons learned in the application process can be used to improve the approaches and tools used in the design process. The book offers guidance in identifying and applying appropriate approaches and tools to design plans, as well as advice on implementing these plans in the real world. For decisionmakers and practitioners, the book includes realistic examples and practical guidelines that should help them understand what decisionmaking under deep uncertainty is and how it may be of assistance to them. Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty: From Theory to Practice is divided into four parts. Part I presents five approaches for designing strategic plans under deep uncertainty: Robust Decision Making, Dynamic Adaptive Planning, Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways, Info-Gap Decision Theory, and Engineering Options Analysis. Each approach is worked out in terms of its theoretical foundations, methodological steps to follow when using the approach, latest methodological insights, and challenges for improvement. In Part II, applications of each of these approaches are presented. Based on recent case studies, the practical implications of applying each approach are discussed in depth. Part III focuses on using the approaches and tools in real-world contexts, based on insights from real-world cases. Part IV contains conclusions and a synthesis of the lessons that can be drawn for designing, applying, and implementing strategic plans under deep uncertainty, as well as recommendations for future work. The publication of this book has been funded by the Radboud University, the RAND Corporation, Delft University of Technology, and Deltares.
Author: Karen Pittel
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262027887
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Too rapidly rising carbon taxes or the introduction of subsidies for renewable energies induce owners of fossil fuel reserves to increase their extraction rates for fear of their reserves becoming worthless. Fossil fuel use is thus brought forward. The resulting acceleration of global warming and counter-productivity of well-intended climate policy has been coined the Green Paradox. This volume presents a range of studies extending the basic analysis to allow for clean energy alternatives, dirty energy alternatives, and the intricate strategic issues between different countries on the globe.
Author: Jonathan Franzen
Publisher: HarperCollins UK
ISBN: 0008434050
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
The climate change is coming. To prepare for it, we need to admit that we can’t prevent it.
Author: Ms.Jenny Elisabeth Ligthart
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145185661X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
The paper studies the setting of optimal fiscal policy in a second-best world with environmental externalities. The optimal second-best pollution tax is shown to lie below the first-best Pigovian tax, particularly if substitution between labor and polluting intermediate inputs is easy, the labor supply curve is more elastic, and preexisting taxes are large. The optimal level of public abatement is derived from the modified Samuelson rule and is larger if society cares more for the environment, public funds are inexpensive, and public abatement is relatively productive. The analysis also shows that the Samuelson rule should be revised if allowance is made for nonseparabilities in preferences.
Author: Bjorn Lomborg
Publisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 1541647483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
An “essential” (Times UK) and “meticulously researched” (Forbes) book by “the skeptical environmentalist” argues that panic over climate change is causing more harm than good Hurricanes batter our coasts. Wildfires rage across the American West. Glaciers collapse in the Artic. Politicians, activists, and the media espouse a common message: climate change is destroying the planet, and we must take drastic action immediately to stop it. Children panic about their future, and adults wonder if it is even ethical to bring new life into the world. Enough, argues bestselling author Bjorn Lomborg. Climate change is real, but it's not the apocalyptic threat that we've been told it is. Projections of Earth's imminent demise are based on bad science and even worse economics. In panic, world leaders have committed to wildly expensive but largely ineffective policies that hamper growth and crowd out more pressing investments in human capital, from immunization to education. False Alarm will convince you that everything you think about climate change is wrong -- and points the way toward making the world a vastly better, if slightly warmer, place for us all.
Author: W. D. Nordhaus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Haris Doukas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030031527
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
This open access book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.
Author: Anthony Bonen
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475539711
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
We propose a macroeconomic model to assess optimal public policy decisions in the the face of competing funding demands for climate change action versus traditional welfare-enhancing capital investment. How to properly delineate the costs and benefits of traditional versus adaption-focused development remains an open question. The paper places particular emphasis on the changing level of risk and vulnerabilities faced by developing countries as they allocate investment toward growth strategies, adapting to climate change and emissions mitigation.
