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Author: Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Plasmonics is an important branch of optics and photonics, focusing on the electromagnetic response of metals or other materials with free carriers. This field has recently experienced a significant expansion due to its importance for applications. Plasmonics has shown great promises in green energies, biosensing, nanolasers, and imaging. The main advantage of plasmonics stems from the existence of unique excitations, referred to as plasmons, representing collective response of the free carriers to the electromagnetic field. While plasmons, both in the bulk and on the surface of the metals, have been known for decades, the recent advances in nano fabrication and material sciences at nano scale have enabled versatile engineering of these modes. Focus of my dissertation is surface plasmons whose properties can be tailored by judiciously nano-patterning metal films and surfaces. Such patterned structures, referred to as metasurfaces, are the main tool to control and boost the light-matter interaction. Appropriately designed metasurfaces provide many-fold electromagnetic energy enhancement on the surface which can be used to amplify numerous surface effects such as SEIRA and nonlinear optical phenomena, facilitate spectroscopy, and enhance absorption of light. In this thesis, I report approaches to shape and engineer the confinement, mode profile, and lifetime of the surface modes. I also investigate how the dielectric environment affects the properties of the modes. The effect of the geometry and topology of the nano patterns on the optical response of metasurfaces is also studied. Finally I study how manipulating symmetries of metasurfaces can be used to tailor polarization state of light and lifetime of the modes using an ultrathin metasurface, instead of bulky traditional optical elements. The symmetry manipulation results in the plasmonic analogue of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, a well-known phenomenon in atomic physics. The work summarized in this thesis has brought marked advances in understanding the physics behind the collective surface waves in nano-structured metasurfaces. It paves new avenues for engineering structures with desirable properties. The immediate application of my findings is the compactification of optical elements, and envisioning next-generation plasmonic-based on-chip devices.
Author: Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Plasmonics is an important branch of optics and photonics, focusing on the electromagnetic response of metals or other materials with free carriers. This field has recently experienced a significant expansion due to its importance for applications. Plasmonics has shown great promises in green energies, biosensing, nanolasers, and imaging. The main advantage of plasmonics stems from the existence of unique excitations, referred to as plasmons, representing collective response of the free carriers to the electromagnetic field. While plasmons, both in the bulk and on the surface of the metals, have been known for decades, the recent advances in nano fabrication and material sciences at nano scale have enabled versatile engineering of these modes. Focus of my dissertation is surface plasmons whose properties can be tailored by judiciously nano-patterning metal films and surfaces. Such patterned structures, referred to as metasurfaces, are the main tool to control and boost the light-matter interaction. Appropriately designed metasurfaces provide many-fold electromagnetic energy enhancement on the surface which can be used to amplify numerous surface effects such as SEIRA and nonlinear optical phenomena, facilitate spectroscopy, and enhance absorption of light. In this thesis, I report approaches to shape and engineer the confinement, mode profile, and lifetime of the surface modes. I also investigate how the dielectric environment affects the properties of the modes. The effect of the geometry and topology of the nano patterns on the optical response of metasurfaces is also studied. Finally I study how manipulating symmetries of metasurfaces can be used to tailor polarization state of light and lifetime of the modes using an ultrathin metasurface, instead of bulky traditional optical elements. The symmetry manipulation results in the plasmonic analogue of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, a well-known phenomenon in atomic physics. The work summarized in this thesis has brought marked advances in understanding the physics behind the collective surface waves in nano-structured metasurfaces. It paves new avenues for engineering structures with desirable properties. The immediate application of my findings is the compactification of optical elements, and envisioning next-generation plasmonic-based on-chip devices.
Author: Shangjr Gwo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323860184
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Plasmonic Materials and Metastructures: Fundamentals, Current Status, and Perspectives reviews the current status and emerging trends in the development of conventional and alternative plasmonic materials. Sections cover fundamentals and emerging trends of plasmonic materials development, including synthesis strategies (chemical and physical) and optical characterization techniques. Next, the book addresses fundamentals, properties, remaining barriers for commercial translation, and the latest advances and opportunities for conventional noble metal plasmonic materials. Fundamentals and advances for alternative plasmonic materials are also reviewed, including two-dimensional hybrid materials composed of graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, boron nitride, etc. In addition, other sections cover applications of plasmonic metastructures enabled by plasmonic materials with improved material properties and newly discovered functionalities. Applications reviewed include quantum plasmonics, topological plasmonics, chiral plasmonics, nanolasers, imaging (metalens), active, and integrated technologies. Provides an overview of materials properties, characterization and fabrication techniques for plasmonic metastructured materials Includes key concepts and advances for a wide range of metastructured materials, including metamaterials, metasurfaces and epsilon-near-zero plasmonic metastructures Discusses emerging applications and barriers to commercial translation for quantum plasmonics, topological plasmonics, nanolasers, imaging and integrated technologies
Author: V.A.G. Rivera
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319095250
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
This book represents the first detailed description, including both theoretical aspects and experimental methods, of the interaction of rare-earth ions with surface plasmon polariton from the point of view of collective plasmon-photon interactions via resonance modes (metal nanoparticles or nanostructure arrays) with quantum emitters (rare-earth ions). These interactions are of particular interest for applications to optical telecommunications, optical displays, and laser solid state technologies. Thus, our main goal is to give a more precise overview of the rapidly emerging field of nanophotonics by means of the study of the quantum properties of light interaction with matter at the nanoscale. In this way, collective plasmon-modes in a gain medium result from the interaction/coupling between a quantum emitter (created by rare-earth ions) with a metallic surface, inducing different effects such as the polarization of the metal electrons (so-called surface plasmon polariton - SPP), a field enhancement sustained by resonance coupling, or transfer of energy due to non-resonant coupling between the metallic nanostructure and the optically active surrounding medium. These effects counteract the absorption losses in the metal to enhance luminescence properties or even to control the polarization and phase of quantum emitters. The engineering of plasmons/SPP in gain media constitutes a new field in nanophotonics science with a tremendous technological potential in integrated optics/photonics at the nanoscale based on the control of quantum effects. This book will be an essential tool for scientists, engineers, and graduate and undergraduate students interested not only in a new frontier of fundamental physics, but also in the realization of nanophotonic devices for optical telecommunication.
Author: Yongqian Li
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781510607552
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: G. Shvets
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814355283
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Manipulation of plasmonics from nano to micro scale. 1. Introduction. 2. Form-Birefringent metal and its plasmonic anisotropy. 3. Plasmonic photonic crystal. 4. Fourier plasmonics. 5. Nanoscale optical field localization. 6. Conclusions and outlook -- 11. Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components. 1. Introduction. 2. Design of waveguide dimensions. 3. Sample preparation and near-field characterization. 4. Excitation and propagation of guided modes. 5. Waveguide bends and splitters. 6. Coupling between waveguides. 7. Waveguide-ring resonators. 8. Bragg gratings. 9. Discussion-- 12. Manipulating nanoparticles and enhancing spectroscopy with surface plasmons. 1. Introduction. 2. Propulsion of gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon polaritons. 3. Double resonance substrates for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. 4. Conclusions and outlook -- 13. Analysis of light scattering by nanoobjects on a plane surface via discrete sources method. 1. Introduction. 2. Light scattering by a nanorod. 3. Light scattering by a nanoshell. 4. Summary -- 14. Computational techniques for plasmonic antennas and waveguides. 1. Introduction. 2. Time domain solvers. 3. Frequency domain solvers. 4. Plasmonic antennas. 5. Plasmonic waveguides. 6. Advanced structures. 7. Conclusions
Author: Christopher E. Petoukhoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Emerging next-generation photovoltaic devices are fabricated from thin-films, with devices having thicknesses of less than 1 um, because of the reduced material waste, lower embodied energy, and propensity for forming flexible, light-weight devices. However, thin-film photovoltaics have limited absorption of light close to the absorption band edge of the semiconducting photoactive layer. In addition, thin-film photovoltaics fabricated from amorphous semiconductors, such as amorphous Si or organic semiconductors, typically require semiconductor thicknesses of ~100 nm due to their low charge carrier mobilities and correspondingly low charge diffusion lengths. However, by restricting the semiconducting active layer thickness in order to efficiently collect photogenerated charge carriers at the electrodes, incomplete light absorption occurs throughout the visible spectrum. To satisfy these competing constraints on the active layer thickness, light trapping techniques are required to increase the amount of light absorbed in physically-thin active layers. Conventional light trapping in thick, crystalline Si photovoltaics is typically achieved using micron-scale photonic structures that are not suitable for thin-film photovoltaics, which have active layers that are thinner than the height of these structures. Additionally, it is difficult to trap light in active layers with thicknesses below the diffraction limit (thicknesses less than half a wavelength in the material) using conventional photonic designs (e.g. total internal reflection of light scattered from a roughened surface). As such, nanophotonic designs, such as plasmonic nanostructures, are necessary to enhance the amount of light that can be absorbed by thin-film semiconductors. Here, we propose the use of multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces to enhance the light trapping and absorption within physically-thin semiconductor active layers. Plasmonic metasurfaces are two-dimensional artificial materials composed of arrays of sub-wavelength metallic nanostructures where the macroscopic electromagnetic properties of the surface arise from the collective response of the individual nanostructures. They support both localized and propagating surface plasmon polaritons, which are hybrid light-charge density waves that exist at metal-dielectric interfaces and have strongly enhanced electric fields near the metal surface. Use of plasmonic metasurfaces in thin-film photovoltaics leads to enhanced absorption via: increased generation of charge carriers by local electric field enhancements; or increased optical path length through the semiconducting active layer either through light scattering from the nanostructures or by coupling the light to an in-plane waveguiding plasmonic mode. As such, thin-films of semiconductors can be both physically and electrically thin (i.e., thinner than the carrier diffusion length), but optically thick when employing plasmonic metasurfaces as electrodes. We gain further control of the properties of the electrode through application of an ultrathin interfacial layer, with thicknesses of less than 5 nm, which allows for tailoring the electronic properties (e.g., surface workfunction) while minimizing the impact on the optical properties of the resulting multifunctional plasmonic metasurface. In this thesis, we designed and fabricated multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces with a focus on organic conjugated polymers as thin-film semiconductor active layers. Conjugated-polymer-based organic photovoltaics have shown great potential as alternative energy sources due to their propensity for solution-based processing, rendering devices with the fastest manufacture and energy payback times of all photovoltaic technologies. Conjugated polymers are organic semiconductors composed of primarily earth-abundant elements, and their optical, electronic, and morphological properties can be tuned synthetically. Due to the formation of tightly-bound Frenkel excitons upon photoexcitation, conjugated polymers have strong absorption coefficients, rendering them opaque at film thicknesses on the order of several hundred nanometers. However, like other organic semiconductors, conjugated polymers have low charge mobilities, restricting their thicknesses to less than ~100 nm to minimize charge recombination, thus necessitating the use of nanophotonic light trapping techniques. Improvements in the efficiency of photovoltaics predominantly arise from increases in the photocurrent or the open-circuit voltage of the device. We begin this work by predicting the optimal planar metal electrode structure by calculating the performance parameters for two types of organic photovoltaic devices (conventional and inverted) with a range of electrode surface workfunctions. We show that highly-efficient and stable inverted organic photovoltaics can be achieved by selecting metal electrodes with low parasitic absorption and high workfunctions, which maximizes the photocurrent and open-circuit voltage of the device, respectively. Based on our calculations, Ag electrodes with ultrathin (less than 5 nm) native AgOx surface layers lead to inverted organic photovoltaic devices with maximal efficiencies due to the low parasitic absorption and high workfunction of AgOx/Ag electrodes. This is the first reported theoretical study that systematically compares the performance parameters of conventional and inverted devices considering a range of different metal electrode types. Having predicted the optimal metal electrode and photovoltaic device structure, we design and fabricate plasmonic metasurfaces comprised of Ag nanoparticle arrays on Ag films to increase the active layer absorption in thin-film photovoltaics. We demonstrate that plasmonic metasurfaces comprised of low aspect ratio (height-to-diameter fraction) Ag nanoparticles can lead to enhanced absorption in organic active layers. We show that, in addition to the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), absorber-coated plasmonic metasurfaces can support a previously unidentified optical mode type called absorption-induced scattering (AIS). Through our systematic experimental and computational studies, we show that AIS originates from the low energy mode of hybrid plasmon-exciton coupled states, and gives rise to many of the red-edge absorption enhancements frequently observed in plasmon-enhanced organic photovoltaics. We further demonstrate that SPPs with energies less than the AIS mode are out-coupled from absorber-coated metasurfaces for amorphous absorber coatings, but are trapped for semi-crystalline absorber coatings. In addition to developing a deep understanding of how Ag plasmonic metasurfaces can be employed to enhance sub-wavelength light-trapping and absorption in thin-film organic photovoltaic active layers, we further develop a method of controlling the surface workfunction of plasmonic metasurfaces. We fabricate multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces comprised of Ag metasurfaces with ultrathin interfacial layers to simultaneously control the optical and electronic properties of the metasurface. We employ monolayer MoS2 and AgOx as ultrathin interfacial layers to minimize changes to the optical properties of the plasmonic metasurfaces. We show that, unexpectedly, the MoS2 interfacial layer contributed to the charge photogeneration process, resulting in the formation of a hybrid MoS2-organic active layer. We demonstrate ultrafast charge transfer between MoS2 and the organic layer, and show that the absorption and total charge generation is enhanced in the presence of the Ag plasmonic metasurface. AgOx, on the other hand, serves as a passive interfacial layer, and does not impact the optical properties of the Ag plasmonic metasurface. Thus, these multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces allow for control of the optical properties of the electrode through the metasurface designs and the electrical properties through selection of ultrathin interfacial layers, which are expected to give rise to enhanced photocurrent and open-circuit voltage, respectively, in thin-film photovoltaic devices.
Author: James A. Schwarz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824750497
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 974
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Book Description
Author: Anatoly V. Zayats
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111863442X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
This book, edited by two of the most respected researchers in plasmonics, gives an overview of the current state in plasmonics and plasmonic-based metamaterials, with an emphasis on active functionalities and an eye to future developments. This book is multifunctional, useful for newcomers and scientists interested in applications of plasmonics and metamaterials as well as for established researchers in this multidisciplinary area.
Author: Alexei A. Maradudin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444595236
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Plasmonics is entering the curriculum of many universities, either as a stand alone subject, or as part of some course or courses. Nanotechnology institutes have been, and are being, established in universities, in which plasmonics is a significant topic of research. Modern Plasmonics offers a comprehensive presentation of the properties of surface plasmon polaritons, in systems of different structures and various natures, e.g. active, nonlinear, graded, theoretical/computational and experimental techniques for studying them, and their use in a variety of applications. Contains material not found in existing books on plasmonics, including basic properties of these surface waves, theoretical/computational and experimental approaches, and new applications of them Each chapter is written by an expert in the subject to which it is devoted Emphasis on applications of plasmonics that have been realized, not just predicted or proposed
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metallic films
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
