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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
A case is made that the national process of special appropriations monies to establish the coastal observing component of the integrated ocean observing system (IOOS) network is not well organized and without substantive value, given the way that it has been orchestrated. Alternatively, a case is made that the special appropriations monies could and should be better spent in pursuit of the establishment of the national backbone that is needed to greatly improve atmospheric, oceanic and coastal "weather" forecasting, broadly defined, for ecosystem management and to document climate variability and change in coastal zones. Part of the problem is historical and cultural. An example of a sub-regional effort to focus on societal needs is presented by way of example to show that university partners (to federal agencies) could have an important role to play in the future of ocean and coastal observing and prediction systems and networks.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
A case is made that the national process of special appropriations monies to establish the coastal observing component of the integrated ocean observing system (IOOS) network is not well organized and without substantive value, given the way that it has been orchestrated. Alternatively, a case is made that the special appropriations monies could and should be better spent in pursuit of the establishment of the national backbone that is needed to greatly improve atmospheric, oceanic and coastal "weather" forecasting, broadly defined, for ecosystem management and to document climate variability and change in coastal zones. Part of the problem is historical and cultural. An example of a sub-regional effort to focus on societal needs is presented by way of example to show that university partners (to federal agencies) could have an important role to play in the future of ocean and coastal observing and prediction systems and networks.
Author: Aijun Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamic weather forecasting
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
"The Coastal Ocean Modeling Framework for NOAA’s High Performance Computer (COMFHPC) is an end-to-end set of common tools for the NOAA National Ocean Service’s (NOS) operational three-dimensional hydrodynamic model-based coastal ocean forecast systems. These forecast systems, in general, are jointly developed by the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) and the Coast Survey Development Laboratory (CSDL) of the Office of Coast Survey (OCS) of the National Ocean Service, and implemented and run on NOAA’s High Performance Computers operated by the National Weather Service’s (NWS) National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s (NCEP) Central Operations (NCO). The COMF-HPC consists of a set of standards and a comprehensive software infrastructure which is shared by all NOS’ hydrodynamic-model operational forecast systems used to generate all input files, such as meteorological forcing, lateral open boundary forcing, river forcing, and model runtime control files, etc. required to run a NOS Operational Forecast System (OFS) which are based on hydrodynamic models. The use of COMF-HPC by all NOS operational forecast systems will allow a multiplicity of forecast systems to be operated and maintained in an efficient and robust manner. COMF-HPC will help to ensure a high time-and-cost efficiency for OFS development, transition, and operational maintenance. This document is organized as follows. Section 1 introduces the background of the COMF-HPC, including its development history, infrastructure, and data flows and the logics of the OFS execution. Section 2 describes the data sets and static files involved in the COMF-HPC system. Section 3 describes the three main control files in the COMF-HPC system. Section 4 explains script and FORTRAN programs in COMF-HPC. Section 5 describes processes to implement an operational forecast system under COMF-HPC environment. Section 6 describes key immediate and final OFS output files residing in the OFS work directory. Section 7 describes the archive of the OFS outputs. Section 8 is a general instruction to diagnose and fix common failures occurred during execution of an operational forecast system. COMF-HPC was originally developed and implemented on the High-Performance Computing Systems of Central Computer System (CCS). On 25 July 2013, NOAA transitioned all NCEP operated Production Suite including NOS OFSs to the new Weather & Climate Operational Supercomputing System (WCOSS), named Tide and Gyer. Therefore, COMF-HPC was transitioned to WCOSS operating system environment as well. The major changes are using FORTRAN compiler, otherwise, there are no significant differences of COMF-HPC on CCS and WCOSS"--Executive Summary.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
The goal of COPS is to couple a program of regular observations to numerical models, through techniques of data assimilation, in order to provide a predictive capability for the US coastal ocean including the Great Lakes, estuaries, and the entire Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The objectives of the program include: determining the predictability of the coastal ocean and the processes that govern the predictability; developing efficient prediction systems for the coastal ocean based on the assimilation of real-time observations into numerical models; and coupling the predictive systems for the physical behavior of the coastal ocean to predictive systems for biological, chemical, and geological processes to achieve an interdisciplinary capability. COPS will provide the basis for effective monitoring and prediction of coastal ocean conditions by optimizing the use of increased scientific understanding, improved observations, advanced computer models, and computer graphics to make the best possible estimates of sea level, currents, temperatures, salinities, and other properties of entire coastal regions.
Author: Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN: 1616405414
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
Author: National Academies
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309261503
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.
Author: Tom Szuba
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428925597
Category : School facilities
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author: Kevin Summers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air traffic control
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine resources conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172233
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
As appreciation of the interdisciplinary and multidimensional character of environmental issues has increased, there have been attempts to address regional needs more directly. One of these, the Regional Marine Research Program (RMRP), was established by Congress in 1990 to provide a mechanism to fund coastal marine research based on regionally-defined priorities. The RMRP legislation established a system of nine regional marine research boards around the United States. Each board was responsible for planning marine research to address issues of water quality and ecosystem health on a regional scale. Although all nine regions received funding for planning activities and development of a research plan, only the Gulf of Maine RMRP received funding for program implementation. The completion of the Gulf of Maine program, in 1997, presents an opportunity to evaluate whether the process for planning and managing the Gulf of Maine research was adequate, whether the research fulfilled the goals of the program, and whether this experience should serve as a model for similar regional programs elsewhere. Bridging Boundaries through Regional Marine Research is a study of the RMRP, with a specific review of the Gulf of Maine program as well as an assessment of other modesl for regional marine research. This report assesses the need for regional marine research,reviews processes by which regional marine research needs can be defined, and discusses existing programs for regional marine research in the United States. It also identifies short- and long-term approaches that might be taken by NOAA.
