Ocean Wave Slope and Height Retrieval Using Airborne Polarimetric Remote Sensing PDF Download
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Author: Rebecca Baxter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Optics
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Ocean wave heights are typically measured at select geographic locations using in situ ocean buoys. This dissertation has developed a technique to remotely measure wave heights using imagery collected from a polarimetric camera system mounted on an airborne platform, enabling measurements over large areas and in regions devoid of wave buoys. The technique exploits the polarization properties of Fresnel reflectivity at the ocean surface to calculate wave slopes. Integrating the slope field produces a measurement of significant wave height. In this dissertation, I present experimental data collection and analysis of airborne remotely sensed polarimetric imagery collected over the ocean using Areté Associates' Airborne Remote Optical Spotlight System-MultiSpectral Polarimeter, as well as modeled results of the expected radiance and polarization at the sensor. The modeling incorporates two sources of radiance/polarization: surface reflected sky radiance and scattered path radiance. The latter accounts for a significant portion of the total radiance and strongly affects the polarization state measured at the sensor. After laying the groundwork, I describe my significant wave height retrieval algorithm, apply it to the polarimetric data, and present the results. While further development and refinement of the significant wave height retrieval algorithm and testing with a more extensive data set are required, the initial results are promising for the practical application of this technique.
Author: Rebecca Baxter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Optics
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Ocean wave heights are typically measured at select geographic locations using in situ ocean buoys. This dissertation has developed a technique to remotely measure wave heights using imagery collected from a polarimetric camera system mounted on an airborne platform, enabling measurements over large areas and in regions devoid of wave buoys. The technique exploits the polarization properties of Fresnel reflectivity at the ocean surface to calculate wave slopes. Integrating the slope field produces a measurement of significant wave height. In this dissertation, I present experimental data collection and analysis of airborne remotely sensed polarimetric imagery collected over the ocean using Areté Associates' Airborne Remote Optical Spotlight System-MultiSpectral Polarimeter, as well as modeled results of the expected radiance and polarization at the sensor. The modeling incorporates two sources of radiance/polarization: surface reflected sky radiance and scattered path radiance. The latter accounts for a significant portion of the total radiance and strongly affects the polarization state measured at the sensor. After laying the groundwork, I describe my significant wave height retrieval algorithm, apply it to the polarimetric data, and present the results. While further development and refinement of the significant wave height retrieval algorithm and testing with a more extensive data set are required, the initial results are promising for the practical application of this technique.
Author: Victor Raizer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351119168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Optical Remote Sensing is one of the main technologies used in sea surface monitoring. Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics investigates and demonstrates capabilities of optical remote sensing technology for enhanced observations and detection of ocean environments. It provides extensive knowledge of physical principles and capabilities of optical observations of the oceans at high spatial resolution, 1-4m, and on the observations of surface wave hydrodynamic processes. It also describes the implementation of spectral-statistical and fusion algorithms for analyses of multispectral optical databases and establishes physics-based criteria for detection of complex wave phenomena and hydrodynamic disturbances including assessment and management of optical databases. This book explains the physical principles of high-resolution optical imagery of the ocean surface, discusses for the first time the capabilities of observing hydrodynamic processes and events, and emphasizes the integration of optical measurements and enhanced data analysis. It also covers both the assessment and the interpretation of dynamic multispectral optical databases and includes applications for advanced studies and nonacoustic detection. This book is an invaluable resource for researches, industry professionals, engineers, and students working on cross-disciplinary problems in ocean hydrodynamics, optical remote sensing of the ocean and sea surface remote sensing. Readers in the fields of geosciences and remote sensing, applied physics, oceanography, satellite observation technology, and optical engineering will learn the theory and practice of optical interactions with the ocean.
Author: G.L. Geernaert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400906277
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
During the Conference on Air-Sea Interaction in January 1986, it was suggested to me by David Larner of Reidel Press that it may be timely for an updated compendium of air-sea interaction theory to be organized, developed, and published. Many new results were emerging at the time, i.e., results from the MARSEN, MAS EX, MILDEX, and TOWARD field projects (among others) were in the process of being reported and/or published. Further, a series of new experiments such as FASINEX and HEXOS were soon to be conducted in which new strides in our knowledge of air-sea fluxes would be made. During the year following the discussions with David Larner, it became apparent that many of the advances in air-sea interaction theory during the 1970s and 1980s were associated with sponsor investments in satellite oceanography and, in particular, remote sensing research. Since ocean surface remote sensing, e.g., scatterometry and SAR, requires intimate knowledge of ocean surface dynamics, advances in remote sensing capabilities required coordinated research in air-sea fluxes, wave state, scattering theory, sensor design, and data exploitation using environmental models. Based on this interplay of disciplines, it was decided that this book be devoted to air sea interaction and remote sensing as multi-disciplinary activities.
Author: Alexander Zapevalov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030587525
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface.This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.
Author: Eugene A. Sharkov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540298282
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Eugene Sharkov, of the Space Research Institute in Moscow, has here put together the most comprehensive description of the physical findings of an investigation into the spatio-temporal characteristics of the gravity of breaking waves. He’s also described the foam activity in the open sea using methods and instruments of optical and microwave remote sensing. Numerous practical applications and illustrations are provided from air-borne, ship-borne and laboratory up-to-date experiments.
Author: Motoyoshi Ikeda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849345258
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
Oceanographic Applications of Remote Sensing describes how remotely sensed data fields can be applied to help solve problems in ocean-related studies. This timely reference, written by and for oceanographers, emphasizes the application of data to particular physical, chemical, and biological processes related to the ocean and the ocean-atmosphere system. The organization of the book reflects this emphasis, with chapters arranged by process rather than by sensor characteristics. Oceanographic Applications of Remote Sensing contains comprehensive information on the application of such relevant data sets as sea surface temperature and topography, ocean circulation, sea level variability, wind speed and stress, wave height, solar radiation flux at ocean surfaces, and sea-ice characteristics and ice motion. It also discusses the reliability of remotely sensed data and provides information about the applicability of the various data sets to particular process studies. Its completeness and relevance makes Oceanographic Applications of Remote Sensing an important reference for modern studies of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere processes. Its unique coverage of the physics that govern satellite processes and their applications to oceanography ensures that it will remain an important reference as new satellites are introduced.
Author: Peter Janssen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521465400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
This book was published in 2004. The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind describes in detail the two-way interaction between wind and ocean waves and shows how ocean waves affect weather forecasting on timescales of 5 to 90 days. Winds generate ocean waves, but at the same time airflow is modified due to the loss of energy and momentum to the waves; thus, momentum loss from the atmosphere to the ocean depends on the state of the waves. This volume discusses ocean wave evolution according to the energy balance equation. An extensive overview of nonlinear transfer is given, and as a by-product the role of four-wave interactions in the generation of extreme events, such as freak waves, is discussed. Effects on ocean circulation are described. Coupled ocean-wave, atmosphere modelling gives improved weather and wave forecasts. This volume will interest ocean wave modellers, physicists and applied mathematicians, and engineers interested in shipping and coastal protection.
Author: Xiaofeng Li
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351235818
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth’s surface, 90% of the biosphere and contains 97% of Earth’s water. Since the first launch of SEASAT satellite in 1978, an increasing number of SAR satellites have or will become available, such as the European Space Agency’s ERS-1/-2, ENVISAT, and Sentinel-1 series; the Canadian RADARSAT-1/-2 and the upcoming RADARSAT Constellation Mission series satellites; the Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites, the German TERRASAR-X and TANDEM-X, and the Chinese GAOFEN-3 SAR, among others. Recently, European Space Agency has launched a new generation of SAR satellites, Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B in 2016. These SAR satellites provide researchers with free and open SAR images necessary to carry out their research on the global oceans. The scope of Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is to demonstrate the types of information that can be obtained from SAR images of the oceans, and the cutting-edge methods needed for analysing SAR images. Written by leading experts in the field, and divided into four sections, the book presents the basic principles of radar backscattering from the ocean surface; introduces the recent progresses in SAR remote sensing of dynamic coastal environment and management; discusses the state-of-the-art methods to monitor parameters or phenomena related to the dynamic ocean environment; and deals specifically with new techniques and findings of marine atmospheric boundary layer observations. Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is a very comprehensive and up-to-date reference intended for use by graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and R&D engineers working in the vibrant field of oceans, interested to understand how SAR remote sensing can support oceanography research and applications.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the microwave remote sensing of ocean surface, the use of polarimetric passive techniques has shown potential for enhancing the retrieval of wind speed and directions. Recent theoretical and experimental research activities have concentrated on studies of polarimetric thermal emissions regarding the anisotropic ocean surface assuming a smoothly varying surface profile. However, under high wind conditions, the presence of breaking water waves, foam patches and bubbles will affect the polarimetric brightness temperatures of the plain ocean surface. The significance of foam on the ocean surface was recognized a long time ago, and several subsequent experiments performed have verified its importance. Previous studies of the foam contribution to the emissivity of ocean surface were based on empirical formulations derived from experimental data. Although several attempts at theoretically modeling the foam have been presented, it is difficult to incorporate them with rough ocean surface. The more realistic modeling for foam-covered ocean surface has been proposed by Huang et al., who consider the sea foam to be a layer with water particles over a rough sea surface. However, it is not suited to model the sea foam as the layer of spherical water particles, since the sea foam is dominated by water bubbles. In this chapter, we present the theoretical study on the polarimetric thermal emissions from foam-covered ocean surface based on a composite volume and rough surface scattering model using the radiative transfer theory. We model the locally foam-covered ocean surface as a random layer with water bubbles. The small perturbation method (SPM) is used for random rough ocean surface, where the bistatic scattering is calculated up to the second order. The radiative transfer equations for foam layer are solved using an iterative technique. The model predictions are compared with measurement data.
Author: F. V. Bunkin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
