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Author: Yannick Laflamme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Concerns about safety in youth hockey have been openly expressed in public and in academic circles. Sports injury literature continue to report that the prevalence of injury in hockey remains high at both the grassroots and elite levels. Much of this injury reporting, however, utilize injury reporting methods that provide very little about how and why these injuries are occurring. The comprehensive prospective observational approach utilized in this thesis proved most effective in understanding not only injury events and head contact events, but how and why they are taking place throughout the course of a hockey game. Knowing the contextual factors surrounding such events are important in building injury prevention strategies and to minimize all types of head contact. As evidenced in this research, the type of head contact being experienced differs according to age level, which means measures to reduce head contact must be targeted at specific age levels. With this said, given the amount of head contact that was documented throughout all levels of hockey, it does warrant further monitoring of the sport to ascertain the extent to which head trauma is impacting player brain development and to strive further in eliminating head contact altogether.
Author: Yannick Laflamme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Concerns about safety in youth hockey have been openly expressed in public and in academic circles. Sports injury literature continue to report that the prevalence of injury in hockey remains high at both the grassroots and elite levels. Much of this injury reporting, however, utilize injury reporting methods that provide very little about how and why these injuries are occurring. The comprehensive prospective observational approach utilized in this thesis proved most effective in understanding not only injury events and head contact events, but how and why they are taking place throughout the course of a hockey game. Knowing the contextual factors surrounding such events are important in building injury prevention strategies and to minimize all types of head contact. As evidenced in this research, the type of head contact being experienced differs according to age level, which means measures to reduce head contact must be targeted at specific age levels. With this said, given the amount of head contact that was documented throughout all levels of hockey, it does warrant further monitoring of the sport to ascertain the extent to which head trauma is impacting player brain development and to strive further in eliminating head contact altogether.
Author: Boyer Charles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Wesley Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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There is an increasing concern surrounding brain trauma risks for young athletes participating in contact sports, as brain injuries in youth have detrimental consequences on their cognition, behaviour, and learning abilities (Ayr et al., 2009; Yeates and Taylor, 2005). Given the potential for future neurological and mental health issues, there is further need to quantify brain trauma within youth sport populations (Daneshvar et al., 2011). Ice hockey is a sport with high rates of brain injury in youth, and the shift from Pee Wee (ages 11-12) to Bantam (ages 13-14) hockey is an important transition period in which athletes are introduced to body checking (Black et al., 2017; Marar et al., 2012). The purpose of this study was to compare the brain trauma profiles between Pee Wee and Bantam hockey in terms of the head dynamic response, brain tissue deformation, and frequency of head impact events. Head impact events from 16 Pee Wee and 16 Bantam hockey games were analyzed, and 71 exemplar impact reconstructions were conducted. No differences were found between Pee Wee and Bantam for magnitudes of peak linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, or maximum principal strain (MPS). Overall frequency of head impact events was also similar between the two groups. However, chi-squared tests found that the type of head impact event was significantly associated with the age group (X2 (6) = 17.699, p = 0.006, ?c = .347). Ice and boards head impact events were more frequent in Pee Wee, while shoulder and glass head impact events were more frequent in Bantam. There were slightly higher frequencies of events {601}26% MPS reported in Pee Wee. However, events were more frequently within the 17-25.9% MPS range for Bantam and were typically the result of shoulder to head impacts. While head impact events at younger ages are more accidental in nature, deliberate player contact from body checking is associated with greater risks for sustaining brain trauma. Policymakers should consider whether Bantam is the most appropriate age to continue allowing for body checking. Developing age-specific helmet technology may be an effective method for protecting against the unique brain trauma risks which are associated with different levels of youth hockey competition. Understanding the characteristics of how brain trauma occurs within youth hockey can help inform and guide future protective and preventative strategies to keep participation in this sport safe for all athletes.
Author: Alan B. Ashare
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803124880
Category : Geometry
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309288037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Author: Michael Gary Hutchison
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494782248
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Hockey is a popular sport, and at its highest levels, it is a complex contact game characterized by physical strength, speed, and skill. The interaction of these characteristics contributes to the inherent risk of injury athletes must face while playing. Among hockey injuries, concussions are one of the most commonly sustained by athletes across all levels of play and age groups. Significant public attention, combined with poorly understood long-term effects, indicates the importance of tangible preventive strategies. The main goal of this thesis was to understand, through video analysis, how playing characteristics and mechanism of injury contribute to concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL). In the first study, the development and validation of an observational recording tool used to code and analyze NHL concussions observed via video analysis was described. The second study attempted to synthesize the description of players' characteristics, antecedent events, and contextual variables associated with events leading to concussion at the NHL level. Several specific risk factors for concussion in NHL players were identified, including position, body size, specific locations on the ice, and particular situations based on a player's position. The final study systematically analyzed how concussions occur to identify potential pattern(s) of concussions. A common specific injury mechanism characterized by player-to-player contact and resulting in contact to the head by the shoulder, elbow, or gloves, was also identified. When the principal mechanism was refined further, several important characteristics were discernable: (i) contact was often to the lateral aspect of the head; (ii) the player who suffered a concussion was often not in possession of the puck; and (iii) no penalty was called on the play. Collectively, these studies served to address gaps in the literature; the implications for informing prevention and management strategies are also discussed.
Author: Leah E. McMunn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Hockey Canada reports Junior hockey players have a greater incidence of mild traumatic brain injury when compared to Midget hockey players. Very little research has been undertaken to understand the differences in impact events, frequency, and magnitude that contribute to these differences in brain injury incidence. Videos of 20 Midget and Junior ice hockey games were analyzed to determine the frequency and magnitude of head impact events. Physical reconstructions of the head impact events were conducted using a Hybrid III headform to obtain the linear and rotational acceleration characteristics. Linear and rotational acceleration data were used for finite element modeling to calculate the peak maximum principal strain within the cerebrum. The results demonstrated that while Midget and Junior ice hockey players had similar head impact frequencies during play (p=0.0912), Junior players experienced a greater number of total impacts to the head after the whistle (p=0.0079). When the impacts during play were broken down by event type, punches to the head (p=0.0192) and shoulders to the head (p=0.0290) were found to be more frequent at the Junior level. The collected data identified similar magnitudes of head impact but differences in the frequency between Midget and Junior hockey. Enforcing existing rules and forming additional policy and regulations surrounding protective measures for athletes to manage shoulder and punch impacts to the head, both during play and after the whistle, may decrease the player's risk of brain trauma in the sport.
Author: Nicholas Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Moira N. McPherson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Head
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Although injury risk factors can be described in biomechanical terms, previous research has not described the relationship between style of play and the frequency and magnitude of head impacts. This paper is focused on the analysis of head impact profiles and safe hockey behaviors demonstrated during contact situations in a cohort of 13 Bantam-aged minor hockey players. Head impacts sustained at 27 home games during the 2006-2007 season were measured using the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS). Hockey helmets (Canadian Standards Association approved) were equipped with six linear accelerometers and a wireless system that transmitted data to a receiver interfaced with a computer. Nine games were recorded using a field videography system to capture player collisions. A HITS profile was determined, which included the number of impacts (>10 g) ("g"=m/sec2) by player, the total number of impacts, the average number of impacts per game, and the mean linear acceleration value for all impacts per player. Based on these results, ten taped trials for the players sustaining greater than 180 total impacts over the season were qualitatively analyzed using a checklist to examine the safe hockey behaviors associated with body contacts. We captured 2753 head impacts over the season, with the average number of impacts per player per game ranging from 3 to 16 with a mean linear acceleration of 15.8 g (standard deviation=13.76). The checklist of safe hockey behaviors was used to analyze skating performance for a group of five players who experienced more than 180 impacts, with some impact magnitudes exceeding 98 g. In general, differences in indicators of skating skill, body position prior to check/contact, and actions during the contact were observed. While specific players may be predisposed to head impacts of a greater frequency and magnitude because of their style of play, these characteristics can be changed to reduce risk of potential injury.
Author: I. J. S. Williamson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Ice hockey ranks among the highest of all sports for rates of concussion, and estimates from youth hockey appear ominously close to estimates from the NHL (23.15 and 29.59 per 1000 player-hours, respectively), yet concussion is seldom studied in the youth setting, particularly in a way that accounts for under-reporting. To maximize the capture of concussions in youth hockey, we used broad injury inclusion criteria and multiple surveillance strategies, including (a) official injury reports, (b) reports from team personnel, and (c) reports from trained hockey observers. The aims were to (a) better elucidate the prevalence and causes of hockey-related concussions, (b) examine how concussions are reportedly managed in youth ice hockey, and (c) speak to the utility of the different surveillance strategies. Contact between players was the most common mechanism across observation strategies and more than half (51 %) of concussions reported by volunteers were caused by illegal acts (32 % hits from behind, 8 % hits to head, and 7 % crosschecks), though few (23 %) resulted in penalties. According to volunteer and observer reports, many young players are returning to play in the same game they sustained a concussion (34 % and 71 %, respectively), which contravenes Hockey Canada guidelines. Contrary to the literature, there were significantly higher odds (p
