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Author: Dr. Prakash Sambhara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498713653
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, whi
Author: Dr. Prakash Sambhara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498713653
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Get Book Here
Book Description
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, whi
Author: Dr. Prakash Sambhara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781587066580
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, which express TLRs and whose activation by them provides a link between innate and adaptive immunity), Jules Hoffman (who made the pioneering observation of Toll in fruit fly anti-fungal immunity) and Bruce Beutler (who uncovered the role of TLR4 in the response to LPS). Work on TLRs inspired many researchers, and led to a search for other receptors in innate immunity. There are now several additional families of such receptors known, notably RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs). A notable feature is the detection of nucleic acids from pathogens, but also from host cells in certain contexts, particularly in autoimmune diseases. Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity presents a timely and extensive account of the detection of nucleic acids in infection and inflammation. We have chapters by Beutler, Hoffman and Shizuo Akira, who is the most cited immunologist of the past ten years, for his work on innate immunity, which gives us an indication of the importance of the field. Several other pioneers in the field present comprehensive and highly lucid up-to-date accounts of their particular interests, revealing the large amount of activity in the past few years, as the literature continues to grow and become ever more complex. The fly yet again provides new insights, and anti-viral mechanisms in this key model organism are described. Other topics include the ability of viruses such as poxviruses, hepatitis C virus and HIV to interfere with detection and signalling; new insights into signalling including subcellular localization of signalling proteins, complex regulation of TLRs and RLRs by ubiquination and negative regulation by miRNAs; and the role of autophagy in antiviral defence. The importance of the RLRs in viral detection is widely reviewed. DNA sensing by ALRs and other receptors is extensively described, and the prospect of additional as yet unknown receptors for DNA debated, revealing a field that is still burgeoning. The prospect of therapeutic utility is covered in the context of using nucleic acids or other compounds as agents to promote anti-viral immunity. This book therefore represents an unprecedented account of this important aspect of immunology, by a stellar cast of authors who have defined the field. We have a key resource which should act as a primary source of information. The chapters will inspire researchers to continue on their quest to provide mechanistic insights into anti-viral innate immunity. The discoveries provide us with new strategies in the never ending war between humanity and viral infection, and will help in the ultimate goal to provide treatments to use against viruses which continue to present a major threat to human health.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128159820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Nucleic Acid Sensing and Immunity - PART B, Volume 345 gives a comprehensive overview of the nucleic acid machinery, from plants to mammalians, along with their regulation. Chapters in this updated volume include Nucleic acids sensing in allergic disorders, Nucleic acids sensing in autoimmune disorders, Nucleic acid sensing in inflammatory disorders, Viral nucleic acid sensing inflammasomes in intestinal host defense, Genome damage sensing leads to tissue homeostasis in Drosophila, Nucleic acids sensing in plants, Nucleic Acid sensing in invertebrates, amongst other topics. Provides an accurate, state-of-the-art resource on RNA sensing Includes the work of a well-known tumor immunologist Links intestinal host defense and viral nucleic acid sensing Presents a chapter on the negative regulation of DNA sensing, a timely topic
Author: . Prakash Sambhara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367445904
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, which express TLRs and whose activation by them provides a link between innate and adaptive immunity), Jules Hoffman (who made the pioneering observation of Toll in fruit fly anti-fungal immunity) and Bruce Beutler (who uncovered the role of TLR4 in the response to LPS). Work on TLRs inspired many researchers, and led to a search for other receptors in innate immunity. There are now several additional families of such receptors known, notably RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs). A notable feature is the detection of nucleic acids from pathogens, but also from host cells in certain contexts, particularly in autoimmune diseases. Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity presents a timely and extensive account of the detection of nucleic acids in infection and inflammation. We have chapters by Beutler, Hoffman and Shizuo Akira, who is the most cited immunologist of the past ten years, for his work on innate immunity, which gives us an indication of the importance of the field. Several other pioneers in the field present comprehensive and highly lucid up-to-date accounts of their particular interests, revealing the large amount of activity in the past few years, as the literature continues to grow and become ever more complex. The fly yet again provides new insights, and anti-viral mechanisms in this key model organism are described. Other topics include the ability of viruses such as poxviruses, hepatitis C virus and HIV to interfere with detection and signalling; new insights into signalling including subcellular localization of signalling proteins, complex regulation o
Author: Chunfu Zheng
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889712702
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128159804
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Nucleic Acid Sensing and Immunity - PART A, Volume 344, provides a comprehensive overview of the nucleic acid machinery, from plants to mammalians, as well as their regulation. Specific chapters in this updated release include Molecular bases of discrimination between self from non-self nucleic acids, Intracellular RNA sensing in mammalian cells, Nuclear DNA damage and nucleic acid sensing, Negative regulation of nucleic acid sensing, Dendritic cell responses to exogenous nucleic acids, Activating the nucleic acid-sensing machinery for anticancer immunity, and Nucleic acid sensing and inflammasomes, amongst other topics. Provides an accurate, state-of-the-art resource on RNA sensing Includes the work of a well-known tumor immunologist Links intestinal host defense and viral nucleic acid sensing Presents a chapter on the negative regulation of DNA sensing, a timely topic
Author: Yaming Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Innate antiviral defense largely depends on type I interferons (IFN-I). While establishing an antiviral state in uninfected cells and promoting apoptosis of infected cells, IFN-I are crucial in establishing antiviral immunity. Production of IFN-I is mainly triggered by a series of germ-line encoded molecular sensors, known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize conserved viral components, known as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that largely consist of nucleic acid sequences and viral surface macromolecules. Because viruses vary tremendously in size, structure, genomic composition and tissue tropism, multiple sensors are often required to detect their presence in various tissues and cell types. Here, we ask whether these PRRs are complementary, compensatory or simply redundant in inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses. We also discuss why viral sensors are differentially distributed in distinct cell types and whether a particular cell type dominates the IFN-I response. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-I:C), a potent IFN-I inducer, is detected by both Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) in vivo. Although it is known that TLR3 promotes cross-priming to viralinfected cells, the role of MDA5 in inducing CD8 T cell responses is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that the majority of CD8 T cells primed in mice lacking MDA5 do not survive following immunization with Poly-I:C and antigen and therefore fail to mount a memory response to subsequent antigen challenge. We show that MDA5 and TLR3 mediate substantially distinct yet complementary functions during poly-I:C-mediated activation of antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses. We next defined the role of MDA5 and other sensors in inducing antiviral CD8 T cell responses during both acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. While IFN-I responses to LCMV are mediated by both MDA5 and TLR7, we found that MDA5 is the key source of IFN-I required for the CD8 T cell responses. In the absence of MDA5, the CD8 T cell responses to acute infection relies on CD4 T cell help; CD8 T cell exhaustion and persistent infection ensue in the absence of both MDA5 and CD4 T cells. Chronic LCMV infection rapidly attenuates the IFN-I response while early administration of exogenous IFN-I rescues CD8 T cells promoting viral clearance. Thus, induction of effective antiviral CD8 T cells depends on the timing and magnitude of the IFN-I response. The picture emerging from these studies is that disparate viral sensors in different cell types form a dynamic and integrated molecular network that can be exploited for improving the efficacy of vaccines and therapies of infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Author: Chenhe Su
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832541402
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
This Research Topic is the second volume of the “Community Series in Antiviral Innate Immune Sensing, Regulation, and Viral Immune Evasion”. Please see the first volume here. The innate immune system is crucial to defend against viruses or other pathogenic microbes in the early phases of infection. The response starts with detecting evolutionarily conserved structures, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), by a set of germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Following the detection of specific viral PAMPs, PRRs trigger the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, ultimately leading to the induction of type I interferons (IFNs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral genes through the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and IRF7. Antiviral pathways need to be tightly regulated to ensure successful antiviral defenses and avoid aberrant or dysregulation of host immune signaling. We believe that the Research Topic will give updated insights into the dynamic fields of PAMPs sensing in antiviral innate immunity and viral immune evasion. We hope it will serve the purpose of encouraging new research. This Research Topic will provide an overall picture of antiviral innate immune sensing signal pathways, regulation, and viral immune evasion. We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review, Mini-Review, Hypothesis and Theory, and Perspective articles that cover, but are not limited to, the following subtopics:
Author: Chunfu Zheng
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1071641085
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Author: Ken J. Ishii
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420068261
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Until recently, innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific system designed to engulf and destroy pathogens. However, new studies show that the innate immune system is highly developed in its ability to discriminate between self and foreign entities. Understanding this mechanism can lead to therapeutic strategies based on manipulation