Novel Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Low Temperature Matrices PDF Download
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Author: Adam John Bystol
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Low temperatures
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Author: Adam John Bystol
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Low temperatures
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Author: Wang Huiyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Extraction (Chemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Author: Milton Lee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323149030
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the polycyclic aromatic compounds, critically evaluating various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This book discusses how gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography can be both competitive and complementary analytical methods. Ancillary techniques of both are emphasized for the structural elucidation of individual polycyclic aromatic compounds in complex mixtures. The merits of spectroscopic methods in both structural work and quantitation are also described. This text likewise provides background information concerning the chemistry, occurrence, and toxicology of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the isolation of polycyclic aromatic compounds from a wide variety of materials and matrices. This publication is recommended to scientists involved with the study of polycyclic aromatic compounds, analysts who need to acquire routine data, and individuals charged with formulating environmental policies and drafting regulations.
Author: Alf Bjørseth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Author: Walter B. Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Additional work related to the development of methodology for the analysis of PAHs has been reported in the following publications: H. Wang, W.B. Wilson and A.D. Campiglia*, Using gold nanoparticles to improve the recovery and the limits of detection for the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr. A. 2009, 1216, 5793-5799. H. Wang, G. Knobel, W.B. Wilson, K. Calimag-Williams and A.D. Campiglia*, Gold nanoparticles deposited capillaries for in-capillary microextraction capillary zone electrophoresis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Electrophoresis, 2011, 32, 720-727. A.A. Costa, W.B. Wilson, H. Wang, A.D. Campiglia*, J.A. Dias and S.C.L. Dias, Comparison of BEA, USY and ZSM-5 for the quantitative extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, Micro. Meso. Mater. 2012, 149, 186-192. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia, Analytical evaluation of BEA zeolite for the pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent chromatographic analysis in water samples, Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 733, 103-109. W.B. Wilson, E.C. Heider, A.D. Campiglia, and F. Barbosa, Low-temperature multidimensional luminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Current Topics in Anal. Chem. 2012, 9, 1-23. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia*, Pre-concentration of water samples via BEA zeolites for the direct determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy, Microchem. J. 2013, 110, 246-255.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 854
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Author: Tuan Vo-Dinh
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic compounds represent the largest class of suspected chemical carcinogens. This volume reviews established and new techniques for analysis of PAC's, including both homocyclic and heterocyclic species, and PAC mixtures. Presented are the latest experimental procedures, along with new developments in instrumentation. Topics covered include photoionization spectroscopy, photothermal spectroscopy, and immunoadsorbant techniques.
Author: Nelu Grinberg
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351644319
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1614
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Book Description
This handbook is a guide for workers in analytical chemistry who need a starting place for information about a specific instrumental technique. It gives a basic introduction to the techniques and provides leading references on the theory and methodology for an instrumental technique. This edition thoroughly expands and updates the chapters to include concepts, applications, and key references from recent literature. It also contains a new chapter on process analytical technology.
Author: L. A. Nakhimovsky
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780444416896
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
