Nominal GDP Targeting for Middle-income Countries PDF Download
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Author: Jeffrey A. Frankel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Author: Jeffrey A. Frankel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Author: Pranjul Bhandari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic stabilization
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
The revival of interest in nominal GDP (NGDP) targeting has come in the context of large advanced economies. We consider the case for NGDP targeting for mid-sized developing countries, in light of their susceptibility to supply shocks and terms of trade shocks. For India, in particular, one major exogenous supply shock is the monsoon rains. NGDP targeting splits the impact of supply shocks automatically between inflation and real GDP growth. In the case of annual inflation targeting (IT), by contrast, the full impact of an adverse supply shock or terms of trade shock is felt as a loss in real GDP alone. NGDP targeting automatically accommodates supply shocks as most central banks with discretion would do anyway, while retaining the advantage of anchoring expectations as rules are designed to do. We outline a simple theoretical model and derive the condition under which an NGDP targeting regime would dominate other regimes such as annual IT for achieving objectives of output and price stability. We go on to estimate for the case of India the parameters needed to ascertain whether the condition holds, particularly the slope of the aggregate supply curve. Estimates suggest that the condition may indeed hold.
Author: Mr.Paul R. Masson
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145185515X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Inflation targeting (IT) serves as monetary policy framework in several advanced economies, where it has enhanced policy transparency and accountability. The paper considers its wider applicability to developing countries. The prerequisites for a successful IT framework are identified as an ability to carry out an independent monetary policy (free of fiscal dominance or commitment to another nominal anchor, like the exchange rate) and a quantitative framework linking policy instruments to inflation. These prerequisites are largely absent among developing countries, though several of them could with some further institutional changes and an overriding commitment to low inflation make use of an IT framework.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498344062
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial markets, and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. Monetary policy frameworks that have helped achieve these ends are being challenged by continued financial development and increased exposure to global capital markets. Many policymakers aspire to move beyond the basics of stability to implement monetary policy frameworks that better anchor inflation and promote macroeconomic stability and growth. Many of these LLMICs are thus considering and implementing improvements to their monetary policy frameworks. The recent successes of some LLMICs and the experiences of emerging and advanced economies, both early in their policy modernization process and following the global financial crisis, are valuable in identifying desirable features of such frameworks. This paper draws on those lessons to provide guidance on key elements of effective monetary policy frameworks for LLMICs.
Author: Yanqing Jiang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811598258
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
This book is on globalization and sustainable growth in China. Thanks to the market-oriented policy reforms initiated in the late 1970s, China has achieved spectacular economic growth over the past several decades, and its economic structure has experienced great transformation. In the meantime, in the general context of globalization, the whole country has also gradually opened up to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy to a major trading nation and the largest developing-country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. In the first three chapters of this book, we investigate the potential and actual mechanisms and channels through which globalization, especially openness to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, affects industrial development and growth disparities in China. The current wave of globalization has encouraged economic growth in the world economy and affected all sides of international economic involvement. In the next four chapters of the book, we study China and the world economy. We first join the line of research on the trade frictions between China and the United States, including an analytical chapter on trade imbalance and protectionist policy, and an empirical chapter on business cycle synchronization between China and the US. A chapter on growth cycles in the BRICS is also included to explore growth and trade linkages among these five emerging market economies. A new “conventional wisdom” on globalization is that trade and financial openness do not lead to higher economic growth by themselves, in the absence of institutional reforms. Motivated by the Chinese experience, we develop an analytical framework in the last chapter to examine the case of growth targeting in China and draw policy implication for LDCs on how to achieve positive and sustainable economic growth. This book provides the readers with new facts and new findings that shed light on their understanding of globalization and sustainable growth in China.
Author: Mr.Marco Airaudo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475523165
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
We analyze coordination of monetary and exchange rate policy in a two-sector model of a small open economy featuring imperfect substitution between domestic and foreign financial assets. Our central finding is that management of the exchange rate greatly enhances the efficacy of inflation targeting. In a flexible exchange rate system, inflation targeting incurs a high risk of indeterminacy where macroeconomic fluctuations can be driven by self-fulfilling expectations. Moreover, small inflation shocks may escalate into much larger increases in inflation ex post. Both problems disappear when the central bank leans heavily against the wind in a managed float.
Author: Kamiar Mohaddes
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192555383
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
For over eighty years the Arab region has been deriving massive wealth from its natural resources. Nevertheless, its economic performance has been at the mercy of ebbs and flows of oil prices and its resources have been slowly depleting. The two critical questions are why and how Arab countries might escape the oil curse. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies focuses on the unique features of the Arab world to explain the disappointing outcomes of macroeconomic policy. It explores the interaction between oil and institutions to draw policy recommendations on how Arab countries can best exploit their oil revenues to avoid the resource curse. Case studies and contributions from experts provide an understanding of macroeconomic institutions (including their underlying rules, procedures and institutional arrangements) in oil-rich Arab economies and of their political economy environment, which has largely been overlooked in previous research. Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies in Resource-Rich Arab Economies offers novel macroeconomic policy propositions for exchange rate regimes, fiscal policy and oil wealth distribution that is more consistent with macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability. These policy reforms, if implemented successfully, could go a long way in helping the resource-rich countries of the Arab region and elsewhere to avoid the oil curse.
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226503100
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
In Monetary Policy, leading monetary economists discuss applied aspects of monetary policy and offer practical new research on the timing, magnitude, and channels of central banking actions. Some of the papers in this volume evaluate a variety of policy rules based on monetary aggregates, nominal income, commodity prices, and other economic variables. Others analyze price behavior and inflation, particularly the short-run behavior of prices. Still others examine the monetary transmission mechanism—the channel through which the central bank's actions affect spending on goods and services—with a special focus on the reduction in bank lending that must accompany a reduction in reserves. This new research will be of special interest to central bankers and academic economists.
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781597821711
Category : Inflation targeting
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Maurice Obstfeld
Publisher: Peterson Institute for International Economics
ISBN: 0881327409
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
The world's leading economic powers must cooperate more to combat the health and economic shocks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. In a new free eBook, PIIE Briefing, How the G20 can hasten recovery from COVID-19, Peterson Institute experts outline how collective action by the Group of Twenty (G20) nations can make a difference. The PIIE agenda includes removal of trade barriers impeding the flow of medical supplies and food, and more money for research, testing, and disease control, especially for debt-burdened low-income countries. The World Bank and the World Health Organization need more resources to relieve suffering, and the International Monetary Fund must step up to stabilize the world financial system.
