New Zealand Wine Sector, Leafroll Virus and an Insect Vector PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download New Zealand Wine Sector, Leafroll Virus and an Insect Vector PDF full book. Access full book title New Zealand Wine Sector, Leafroll Virus and an Insect Vector by Vaughan Bell. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Vaughan Bell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
New Zealand winegrowers face a problem: insect pests that are abundant and difficult to control transmitting an economically important disease. The longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus), citrophilus (P. calceolariae) and obscure (P. viburni) mealybugs transmit Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus type 3 (GLRaV-3). With no cure, the disease can spread rapidly and has multiple quantitative and qualitative impacts. Since 2006, searches in Hawke’s Bay vineyards revealed that on average ~20% of bunches at harvest were mealybug infested (n=25 vineyards). This seminar gives a brief overview of the New Zealand wine sector and its increasingly important contribution to the economy. The scale of the problem is illustrated by focusing on two aspects: mealybug dispersal and vine removal. Aerial dispersal of the youngest mealybug life stage has reinforced to growers the need to adopt effective strategies around mealybug monitoring and management. Controlling the disease relies on a combination of pest management supported by a programme to identify and remove all sources of the virus. Observations suggest that much of the focus of virus-infected vine removal has been around aerial parts with little regard given to the root system. This approach appears flawed because remnant roots persist long after vine removal. Results quantifying the infection status of remnant roots and subterranean mealybugs are presented, with the implications to a virus elimination strategy discussed.
Author: Vaughan Bell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
New Zealand winegrowers face a problem: insect pests that are abundant and difficult to control transmitting an economically important disease. The longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus), citrophilus (P. calceolariae) and obscure (P. viburni) mealybugs transmit Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus type 3 (GLRaV-3). With no cure, the disease can spread rapidly and has multiple quantitative and qualitative impacts. Since 2006, searches in Hawke’s Bay vineyards revealed that on average ~20% of bunches at harvest were mealybug infested (n=25 vineyards). This seminar gives a brief overview of the New Zealand wine sector and its increasingly important contribution to the economy. The scale of the problem is illustrated by focusing on two aspects: mealybug dispersal and vine removal. Aerial dispersal of the youngest mealybug life stage has reinforced to growers the need to adopt effective strategies around mealybug monitoring and management. Controlling the disease relies on a combination of pest management supported by a programme to identify and remove all sources of the virus. Observations suggest that much of the focus of virus-infected vine removal has been around aerial parts with little regard given to the root system. This approach appears flawed because remnant roots persist long after vine removal. Results quantifying the infection status of remnant roots and subterranean mealybugs are presented, with the implications to a virus elimination strategy discussed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 108
Get Book Here
Book Description
For more than a decade, New Zealand Winegrowers has consistently dedicated a portion of member levies to fund research pertaining to the control of leafroll 3 virus and the insect vector that spreads infection (mealybug). This month, a new book will be distributed to all NZW members, providing the latest practical guidance on the subject and entitled Leafroll 3 Virus and How to Manage It.Created as part of the 'Virus Elimination Project', the book is written by project team members Ruby Andrew, Vaughn Bell, Nick Hoskins, Gerhard Pietersen and Caine Thompson.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443295131
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 282
Get Book Here
Book Description
Advances in Virus Research, Volume 118 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as HCMV-encoded GPCRs in infection, disease, and pathogenesis, Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: crosstalk and finger pointing, and Pathogenesis of neuroinvasive flaviviruses. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Virus Research series
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wine industry
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Rajarshi kumar Gaur
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288971876X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Christina Petersen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Get Book Here
Book Description
Grapevine leafroll (GLR) is one of the most economically important and widespread diseases of grapevines. This disease was first identified within New Zealand vineyards in 1964 and is of increasing concern to the wine industry. Although GLR is not usually lethal, it causes erratic bearing, and due to delayed ripening, the sugar content from infected vines may be 25-50% lower than healthy vines harvested on the same date ... attempts to prevent the spread of leafroll have focused on the use of sanitary programs, the aim of which has been to propagate virus-free material through the detection and elimination of leafroll diseased grapevines ...
Author: Baozhong Meng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319577069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
Get Book Here
Book Description
The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 1186
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Viticulture
Languages : en
Pages : 958
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ricardo Flores
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889192296
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Get Book Here
Book Description
Plant viruses grouped within this family have remarkable properties, prominent among which is their genomic size: Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has the largest (19.3 kb) genome reported for a plant monopartite single-stranded RNA (+) virus. Virions are filamentous and typically flexuous particles, approximately 12 nm in diameter and 650 to 2000 nm in length, with a unique bipolar (“rattlesnake”) morphology: the major coat protein (CP) encapsidates most of the genomic RNA, with a minor CP (CPm) coating a small 5’-terminal fragment (virion tail) and other viral-encoded proteins being also incorporated to this tail. The genome is monopartite (genus Closterovirus, type member Beet yellows virus, and genus Ampelovirus, type member Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3) or bipartite (genus Crinivirus, type member Lettuce infectious yellows virus, with at least one example of tripartite genome). The genomic RNA (or RNA1 in criniviruses) directs translation of the two 5’-proximal ORFs (via a peculiar ribosomal frameshift mechanism and proteolytic processing) that encode replication-related components, with the 3’-proximal ORFs encoding proteins expressed from 3’-coterminal subgenomic RNAs. A genomic signature of members of the family Closteroviridae is the presence of a five-gene block of proteins involved in virion assembly and movement that, in addition to the CP and CPm, includes a small transmembrane protein, a homologue of the HSP70 class of heat-shock proteins and a diverged CP. Members of this family encode suppressors of RNA silencing differing in number (up to three in CTV), and in mode of action: intracellular, intercellular, or both. In this same context Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus codes for a singular suppressor: an RNase III that catalyzes cleavage of the small interfering RNAs mediating RNA silencing. Host range is usually narrow and, in order to expand it, some member(s) of the family, illustrated by the case of CTV, have evolved by acquiring multiple non-conserved genes. Virion accumulation is restricted to the phloem, with aphids, mealybugs and whiteflies (depending on the genus) operating as natural vectors. Disease symptoms may be expressed in leaves, fruits and trunk of the woody hosts. Natural Plant viruses grouped within this family have remarkable properties, prominent among which is their genomic size: Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has the largest (19.3 kb) genome reported for a plant monopartite single-stranded RNA (+) virus. Virions are filamentous and typically flexuous particles, approximately 12 nm in diameter and 650 to 2000 nm in length, with a unique bipolar (“rattlesnake”) morphology: the major coat protein (CP) encapsidates most of the genomic RNA, with a minor CP (CPm) coating a small 5’-terminal fragment (virion tail) and other viral-encoded proteins being also incorporated to this tail. The genome is monopartite (genus Closterovirus, type member Beet yellows virus, and genus Ampelovirus, type member Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3) or bipartite (genus Crinivirus, type member Lettuce infectious yellows virus, with at least one example of tripartite genome). The genomic RNA (or RNA1 in criniviruses) directs translation of the two 5’-proximal ORFs (via a peculiar ribosomal frameshift mechanism and proteolytic processing) that encode replication-related components, with the 3’-proximal ORFs encoding proteins expressed from 3’-coterminal subgenomic RNAs. A genomic signature of members of the family Closteroviridae is the presence of a five-gene block of proteins involved in virion assembly and movement that, in addition to the CP and CPm, includes a small transmembrane protein, a homologue of the HSP70 class of heat-shock proteins and a diverged CP. Members of this family encode suppressors of RNA silencing differing in number (up to three in CTV), and in mode of action: intracellular, intercellular, or both. In this same context Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus codes for a singular suppresso.
