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Author: Toshio Narahashi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468409700
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Substantial progress has been made during the past three decades in the development of a variety of chemical means to control insect pests. A large number of highly effective insecticides have been developed, and many of them have contributed to a great extent to increasing agricultural productivity and eradicating diseases transmitted by vectors. However, contamination of our environment caused by various pesticides has become a serious problem, and various attempts have been made to develop newer methods of con trolling insect pests. One of the approaches is to develop newer insecticides which cause less contamination of the environment without losing their insecticidal potencies. Another approach, among other things, is to utilize pheromones to control certain species of insects. No matter what approach one may choose, it is imperative to understand the mechanism of action of pesticides for efficient development and utilization of these chemicals. One important feature common to most insecticides and pheromones is their inter action with the nervous system which is the main target site. Thus the mechanisms of action of these chemicals on the nervous system represent one of the most critical aspects in pesticide toxicology. In comparison to the chemical and biochemical studies dealing with the metabolism of various pesticides, the study of neurotoxicology has lagged behind to a considerable extent for various reasons. Technical complications involved in neuroto- co logical experiments appear to be one of the contributing factors.
Author: Toshio Narahashi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468409700
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Substantial progress has been made during the past three decades in the development of a variety of chemical means to control insect pests. A large number of highly effective insecticides have been developed, and many of them have contributed to a great extent to increasing agricultural productivity and eradicating diseases transmitted by vectors. However, contamination of our environment caused by various pesticides has become a serious problem, and various attempts have been made to develop newer methods of con trolling insect pests. One of the approaches is to develop newer insecticides which cause less contamination of the environment without losing their insecticidal potencies. Another approach, among other things, is to utilize pheromones to control certain species of insects. No matter what approach one may choose, it is imperative to understand the mechanism of action of pesticides for efficient development and utilization of these chemicals. One important feature common to most insecticides and pheromones is their inter action with the nervous system which is the main target site. Thus the mechanisms of action of these chemicals on the nervous system represent one of the most critical aspects in pesticide toxicology. In comparison to the chemical and biochemical studies dealing with the metabolism of various pesticides, the study of neurotoxicology has lagged behind to a considerable extent for various reasons. Technical complications involved in neuroto- co logical experiments appear to be one of the contributing factors.
Author: Narahashi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780306300677
Category : Insects
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: D. Shankland
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461588368
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The development of the modern organic insecticides has contri buted a major chapter to the history of neurotoxicants. From their roots in the organochlorines and organophosphates discovered prior to and during the Second World War, to the carbamates developed in the 1950's, and most recently to the extremely potent and promising synthetic pyrethroids, the most important organic insecticides have been those whose wite of action lies within the nervous system. In this regard, man is only mimicking nature in attacking the nervous system with lethal intent since potent neurotoxins are cornmon compo nents of the venoms with which animals of all types defend themselves and subdue their prey. This central role of the nervous sytem as a broad target for pesticides may also be projected into the future - a prediction to which this volume is devoted. The nervous system in its diversity is likely to be of central concern to those charged with discovering novel pesticides whether they be modifications of familiar chemical groups or structurally novel neurotoxicants such as the nitromethyl ene insecticides described here. On a second front, the ability to influence insect behavior through the nervous system will become increasingly important in pest management. Pheromones represent one obvious example of this; recent work described in this volume indi cates that the forrnamidine pesticides may represent another.
Author: Lucio G. Costa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642708986
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The protection of human health and food and fiber resources against the ravages of pests of many sorts is a continuous struggle by all people in the world. The use of chemical pesticides as an aid in this struggle is now also global. These chemicals are deliberately added to the environment for the purpose of killing or injuring some form of life. Because pesticides are generally less selectively toxic than would be desired, non-target species, including humans, must be protected from injury by these chemicals. This can only be achieved by thorough understanding of the comparative toxicology of these compounds, and by minimizing human (and other desirable species) exposure. The latter can only be achieved by sound regulatory policies that utilize scientific principles and data, properly tempered by both gaps in that data and sociologic and economic considerations. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical and Regulatory Perspectives" held in Riva del Garda on October 6-15, 1986. This NATO-ASI has been promoted by the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington at Seattle, by the Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and by the Giovanni Lorenzini Foundation, and has been sponsored by both the Society of Toxicology (USA) and the Italian Society of Toxicology.
Author: Joel R. Coats
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323140513
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 485
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Book Description
Insecticide Mode of Action presents significant research on the biological activity of insecticides. The book is organized into three sections encompassing 13 chapters that summarize three major groups of insecticides, including neurotoxic, formamidine, and developmental insecticides. The first section of the book presents studies on groups of conventional neurotoxic insecticides: chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphorus chemicals. This text discusses their structure, poisoning property, structure-activity relationships, and stereoselectivity. The subsequent section discusses the biochemical, biological, and neurotoxic actions of formamidines, a group of pesticides that exhibit an unusual spectrum of activity. Several modes of action of pharmacological significance as well as some important behavioral effects are included in this section. The third section addresses groups of insecticides that affect insect growth and development. Such chemicals typically demonstrate marked selectivity and represent more sophisticated strategies in the chemical control of insect pests. This book is of value to researchers, teachers, and regulatory personnel concerned with the biological activity of insecticides.
Author: G. A. Kerkut
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483286231
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
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Book Description
Over the past 25 years insect pharmacology has grown from a fledgling subject to one that occupies a major field of science. Volume ll reviews insect pharmacology past and present and effectively captures the growing confidence which imbues the world of the insect pharmacologist. It contains l5 chapters written in authoritative fashion by leading scientists and is fully illustrated and referenced. Insect preparations are proving ideal for resolving problems in pharmacology which have general significance, particularly at the molecular and genetic levels. This volume contains a wealth of data, information and ideas and will therefore be a valuable asset to all in academic or industrial research concerned with the science and control of insects.
Author: John N. Hathcock
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323138306
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Nutritional Toxicology, Volume II, discusses the various interactions between nutritional phenomena and toxicologic processes. It addresses particular subjects that have become substantially more important through the development of new knowledge, significant increases in knowledge, or increased awareness of potential effects on human health and well-being. The implications of such knowledge have impact on basic research, toxicity testing, public health, food, and agriculture programs, and food safety regulation. The book begins with a review of the role and importance of macro- and micronutrients on detoxification processes of foreign compounds after absorption. This is followed by separate chapters on mixed-function oxidation in the liver; the metabolic and nutritional effects of ethanol; the effects of malnutrition on drug metabolism; interaction of nutrient intake with DNA and chromatin; and how such interactions may affect the process of toxicogenesis in the nucleus. Subsequent chapters cover mutagens in cooked foods; food sensitivities; anatomical, cardiovascular, and behavioral effects of dietary caffeine; the toxicology of dietary tin, aluminum, and selenium; and the toxicology of pesticides in foods.
Author: O. P. Shukla
Publisher: APH Publishing
ISBN: 9788170249733
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Ross Nicholson
ISBN: 0981522610
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: G. A. Kerkut
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148328624X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 864
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Book Description
Volume 12 is devoted to current and future approaches to insect management and control. The topics discussed cover chemical control, including the use of juvenile hormone analogs, microbiological methods, including viral and fungal agents, biological control, and genetic approaches to insect control. The 20 chapters, all amply referenced and illustrated, well demonstrate the multidisciplinary nature of the subject and the degree of international effort that has led to the present state of knowledge. Fifteen of the chapters are devoted to the action of insecticides, reflecting the immensity of the subject. The past 30 years have witnessed remarkable advances in the scientific basis of insect control and this volume provides a convenient point of entry into the massive amount of literature now available.
