Neural Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior and Learning PDF Download
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Author: Richard B. Thompson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323143768
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
Neural Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior and Learning provides information pertinent to the neuronal mechanisms of motivation and learning. This book focuses on the theoretical frameworks within which researchers analyze specific problems. Organized into six parts encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problem of goal-directed behavior that occupies a central position in psychology. This text then examines the behavioral investigations that are directed at delineating the role of contiguity and determining the possible mechanisms of reinforcement in classical defense and reward conditioning. Other chapters consider the homeostatic regulation of various functions, such as nutrition, temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte balance. This book discusses as well the effects of experimental treatments on memory. The final chapter deals with the relationship between perception and memory. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and scientists. Graduate students in behavioral neuroscience will also find this book useful.
Author: Richard B. Thompson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323143768
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 660
Get Book Here
Book Description
Neural Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior and Learning provides information pertinent to the neuronal mechanisms of motivation and learning. This book focuses on the theoretical frameworks within which researchers analyze specific problems. Organized into six parts encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problem of goal-directed behavior that occupies a central position in psychology. This text then examines the behavioral investigations that are directed at delineating the role of contiguity and determining the possible mechanisms of reinforcement in classical defense and reward conditioning. Other chapters consider the homeostatic regulation of various functions, such as nutrition, temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte balance. This book discusses as well the effects of experimental treatments on memory. The final chapter deals with the relationship between perception and memory. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and scientists. Graduate students in behavioral neuroscience will also find this book useful.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Akash Guru
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Organisms are often motivated by goals which are spatially and temporally distant. Animals travel large distances, risking their lives in search of food, water, or a mate. How does the animal remain motivated and focused on the goal? How does the animal change its behavior adaptively in varying environmental conditions? Here, we reveal a role for two major neuromodulators in different behavioral contexts - dopamine when animals seek distant rewards and serotonin when animals behave adaptively in environments with different valence. We measured population calcium activity of dopamine neurons in ventral tegmental area as mice learned a variety of reward seeking tasks. When mice navigated through space toward a goal, dopamine activity progressively increased or ramped upand peaked at the goal. This ramping dopamine activity was sensitive to reward magnitude and emerged quickly within a few trials after the first reward exposure in naïve animals. Physical action was not necessary to produce dopamine ramps; dynamic sensory feedback of progress to reward alone can produce dopamine ramps. However, dopamine ramps driven by sensory feedback were short lived. When the animal was required to use an internal model of distance to reward, in the absence of sensory feedback, the dopamine ramps were robust and did not fade over training. Collectively, these results suggest that dopamine ramps reflect an internal model of goal proximity information. Next, we measured population activity of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus when animals were in a moderate threat or a high threat environment. We found that the serotonin neural activity decreased during movement initiation in a moderate threat environment but increased during movement initiation in a high threat environment. We then measured calcium activity of individual serotonin neurons when animals were exposed to environments at differentthreat levels. We found that individual serotonin neurons switched their movement-related neural activity when mice transitioned from moderate threat to high threat environments, signifying routing of environmental valence information to individual serotonin neurons. Together, this research provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying environmental valence-dependent adaptive behaviors and sustained goal directed behaviors.
Author: Richard W. Morris
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128120991
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Author: Richard F. Thompson
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Benedikt Reuter
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Katharina Zwosta
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540705732
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
Attention is a key psychological construct in the understanding of human cognition, and the target of enormous efforts to elucidate its physiological mechanisms, as the wealth of literature—both primary and secondary—attests (for recent compilations see Itti, Rees, & Tsotsos, 2005; Paletta & Rome, 2008; Posner, 2004). But in addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties, or delimiting its neurobiological mechanisms and effects, in this volume we want to explore attention somewhat differently. We believe that a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed, and environmentally constrained organisms. That attention is related to goal-directed behavior is not news. What the contri- tions to this volume do suggest, however, is the existence of fundamental links between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: go- directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, they show that these relations can be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evo- tionary, and clinical aspects, and that in doing so multiple methodological challenges arise that are worth considering and pursuing. The reader will find here, therefore, a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the n- ronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments. Another trend that will become evident is that, in different ways, the authors stress the need to understand these issues as they unfold in natural behavior (both healthy and pathological), thus arguing for a more ecological approach to these questions.
Author: Marc Jeannerod
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Goal-directed movement is central to the relationship between brain and behavior in humans and other animals. This book presents a detailed investigation of the topic, one that integrates psychology and physiology. The author's account is based on a large body of experimental data from human and animal work, with particular emphasis on clinical cases. It probes such questions as: Are complex movements organized on the same mode as simple ones? How rigidly organized are coordinated actions like orienting or grasping? Where do visual feedback signals arise? The author's work takes into account the growing acceptance of the idea that movements are not directly dependent upon sensory events, but that they are governed by internal representations which are built according to specific, experimentally accessible rules.
Author: Todd S. Braver
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317326369
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.
