Author: Dhakshin Ramanathan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549125907
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
We conclude that there are many different neural correlates underlying map plasticity of the motor cortex. In order to utilize this knowledge to enhance recovery following injury, it is essential to understand which neural changes have behavioral and functional relevance. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Author: Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805564031
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
This publication provides the reader with a better understanding of some basic principles of motor behavior and gives an update on modern approaches of human motor control. It contains abundant information on the current trends and illustrates the progress from laboratory findings to the investigation of more natural movements as well as of the cognitive aspects of motor behavior. As an additional benefit for the reader, the collected data is put in a historical perspective. Basic and clinical neuroscientists, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists and in particular students in system neuroscience, robotics and bioengineering will find this book a noteworthy contribution to the field.
Author: Lior Shmuelof
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194469
Category : Implicit learning
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Improvements in task performance following practice can occur as a result of changes in distinct cognitive and neural processes. In some cases, we can improve our performance by selecting a more successful behavior that is already part of our available repertoire. Skill learning, on the other hand, refers to a slower process that results in improving the ability to perform a behavior, i.e., it involves the acquisition of a behavior that was not available to the controller before training. Skill learning can take place both in the sensory and in the motor domains. Sensory skill acquisition in perceptual learning tasks is measured by improvements in sensory acuity through practice-induced changes in the sensitivity of relevant neural networks. Motor skill is harder to define as the term is used whenever a motor learning behavior improves along some dimension. Nevertheless, we have recently argued that as in perceptual learning, acuity is an integral component in motor skill learning. In this special topic we set out to integrate experimental and theoretical work on perceptual and motor skill learning and to stimulate a discussion regarding the similarities and differences between these two kinds of learning.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080857752
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 709
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Book Description
The Cerebellum and Cognition pulls together a preeminent group of authors. The cerebellum has been previously considered as a highly complex structure involved only with motor control. The cerebellum is essential to nonmotor functions, and recent research has revealed new medically important roles of the cerebellum and cognitive processes. Selected for inclusion in Doody's Core Titles 2013, an essential collection development tool for health sciences libraries Comprehensive coverage of cerebellum in motor control and cognition New developments regarding the cerebellum and motor systems Therapeutic implications of cerebellar contributions to cognition Preeminent group of contributors
Author: Bryan Kolb
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113478421X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
There are few books devoted to the topic of brain plasticity and behavior. Most previous works that cover topics related to brain plasticity do not include extensive discussions of behavior. The first to try to address the relationship between recovery from brain damage and changes in the brain that might support the recovery, this volume includes studies of humans as well as laboratory species, particularly rats. The subject matter identifies a consistent correlation between specific changes in the brain and behavioral recovery, as well as various factors such as sex and experience that influence this correlation in consistent ways. Evolving from a series of lectures given as the McEachran Lectures at the University of Alberta, this volume originally began as a summary of the lectures, but has expanded to include more background literature, allowing the reader to see the author's biases, assumptions, and hunches in a broader perspective. In writing this volume, the author had two goals in mind: * to initiate senior undergraduates or graduate psychology, biology, neuroscience or other interested students to the issues and questions regarding the nature of brain plasticity, and * to provide a monograph in the form of an extended summary of the work the author and his colleagues have done on brain plasticity and recovery of function.
Author: Sravani Kondapavulur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A critical question in skilled motor control is how brain circuits can flexibly apply learned motor behaviors to novel contexts. Plasticity in the corticostriatal network has been historically been implicated in motor learning across different species. In particular, the motor cortex and striatum are monosynaptically connected structures that play critical roles in early motor learning as well as consolidation of crystallized motor skills. However, when a welllearned skill must adapt to a new context, how does neural activity in these important motor regions support the behavioral transition?This thesis begins by providing a perspective on how motor learning, adaptation, and habit formation have been classically studied, in addition to the current understanding of neural bases for each of these processes. I then outline the implications of motor task selection and behavioral intervention when making conclusions about underlying neural mechanisms. In Chapter 2, I present my work investigating how the corticostriatal network supports transfer learning of a previously acquired complex coordinated upper limb action, demonstrating that relearning in a new context involves partial breakdown of previously crystallized neural activity. I conclude by presenting in Chapter 3 a model for network control of motor flexibility, proposing that cortico-striatal activity reflects dynamic optimization of neural patterns, adapting upstream cognitive contributions and driving existing downstream circuits for movement generation. Finally, I explore the implications of corticostriatal dysfunction in motor diseases.
Author: James R. Bloedel
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262024044
Category : Classical conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Our motor skills determine how well we perform in athletics, dance, music, and in carrying out countless daily chores. While our proficiency at performing individual actions and synthesizing them into seamless sequences limits our athletic and artistic talents, we are not perpetually bound by such limitations. The nervous system can acquire new, and modify old, motor behaviors through experience and practice. That is motor learning.The Acquisition of Motor Behavior in Vertebratesprovides a broad, multidisciplinary survey of recent research on the brain systems and mechanisms underlying motor learning. Following the editors' introduction, nineteen contributions report on the neurobiology of these higher brain functions and on diverse types of motor learning such as reflex adaptation, conditioned and instrumental reflex learning, visually guided actions, and complex sequences and skills.
Author: Nathan D. Zasler, MD
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing
ISBN: 1936287277
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1549
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Book Description
This book is a clear and comprehensive guide to all aspects of the management of traumatic brain injury-from early diagnosis and evaluation through the post-acute period and rehabilitation. An essential reference for physicians and other health care professionals who work with brain injured patients, the book focuses on assessment and treatment of the wider variety of clinical problems these patients face and addresses many associated concerns such as epidemiology, ethical issues, legal issues, and life-care planning. Written by over 190 acknowledged leaders, the text covers the full spectrum of the practice of brain injury medicine including principles of neural recovery, neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic testing, prognosis and outcome, acute care, rehabilitation, treatment of specific populations, neurologic and other medical problems following injury, cognitive and behavioral problems, post-traumatic pain disorders, pharmacologic and alternative treatments, and community reentry and productivity.
Author: Larry R. Squire
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 9781572308985
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
This important reference and text brings together leading neuroscientists to describe approaches to the study of memory. Among major approaches covered are lesions; electrophysiology; single-unit recording; pharmacology; and molecular genetics. Chapters are organized into three sections, presenting state-of-the-art studies of memory in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents and birds. Each chapter explicates the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the authors' research program, reviews the latest empirical findings, and identifies salient directions for future investigation. Included are more than 50 illustrations.
Author: Ford F. Ebner
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849315213
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Synthesizing current information about sensory-motor plasticity, Neural Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory-Motor Systems provides an up-to-date description of the dynamic processes that occur in somatic sensory-motor cortical circuits or somatic sensory pathways to the cortex due to experience, learning, or damage to the nervous system. The book emphasizes changes in the cortex that are linked to shifts in movement or behavior and demonstrates the potential for direct brain-based interventions to improve the quality of life for people with sensory-motor disabilities. Following initial chapters that cover issues relevant to modifications in sensory processing, the text deals with the motor side of sensory-motor transformations, and includes studies that document the dynamic changes in system properties that occur with normal experience or in recovery from brain damage. Edited by a recognized world authority on neural plasticity, this book provides important insight into the mechanisms of neural plasticity. It is an essential link to understanding the dynamics of learning in the hopes of improving perceptual and motor skills after brain damage.
