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Author: Kusekwa Mabondo
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668553475
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: This study was devoted to a description of the ways for expressing negation, distribution of negation markers and the scope of these negation markers in a sentence with particular reference to GinaNtuzu spoken in the lake zone region in Tanzania. The study was guided by Structure Dependency Principle. The research design used for this research was descriptive in nature as it included a survey of the language and fact finding about negation in the language. The data analysis methods and procedures in this study was fragmentation. It was revealed that GinaNtuzu expresses negation in five ways, namely, a prefix –da- , a copula negative morpheme –di which is always inflected with a subject marker for concordial agreement, negative particles nduhu, biya, and kija. In identifying the distribution of each negative morpheme, it was revealed that the occurrence of each negative morpheme depends on the structure of the affirmative sentence and that the change of the tense/mood triggers changes of the negative morpheme in a given sentence. In describing the scope of negation, two types/scopes of negation have traditionally been distinguished; these have been labelled, sentential and constituent, that is, if the effect of negation marker is on the entire clause, which is considered to be a sentencial negation. When the effect of the negation marker is on a portion of the clause, it is a constituent negation.
Author: Kusekwa Mabondo
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668553475
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 78
Get Book Here
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: This study was devoted to a description of the ways for expressing negation, distribution of negation markers and the scope of these negation markers in a sentence with particular reference to GinaNtuzu spoken in the lake zone region in Tanzania. The study was guided by Structure Dependency Principle. The research design used for this research was descriptive in nature as it included a survey of the language and fact finding about negation in the language. The data analysis methods and procedures in this study was fragmentation. It was revealed that GinaNtuzu expresses negation in five ways, namely, a prefix –da- , a copula negative morpheme –di which is always inflected with a subject marker for concordial agreement, negative particles nduhu, biya, and kija. In identifying the distribution of each negative morpheme, it was revealed that the occurrence of each negative morpheme depends on the structure of the affirmative sentence and that the change of the tense/mood triggers changes of the negative morpheme in a given sentence. In describing the scope of negation, two types/scopes of negation have traditionally been distinguished; these have been labelled, sentential and constituent, that is, if the effect of negation marker is on the entire clause, which is considered to be a sentencial negation. When the effect of the negation marker is on a portion of the clause, it is a constituent negation.
Author: Matti Miestamo
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110197634
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
This book is the first cross-linguistic study of clausal negation based on an extensive and systematic language sample. Methodological issues, especially sampling, are discussed at length. Standard negation – the basic structural means languages have for negating declarative verbal main clauses – is typologized from a new perspective, paying attention to structural differences between affirmatives and negatives. In symmetric negation affirmative and negative structures show no differences except for the presence of the negative marker(s), whereas in asymmetric negation there are further structural differences, i.e. asymmetries. A distinction is made between constructional and paradigmatic asymmetry; in the former the addition of the negative marker(s) is accompanied by further structural differences in comparison to the corresponding affirmative, and in the latter the correspondences between the members of (verbal etc.) paradigms used in affirmatives and negatives are not one-to-one. Cross-cutting the constructional-paradigmatic distinction, asymmetric negation can be further divided into subtypes according to the nature of the asymmetry. Standard negation structures found in the 297 sample languages are exemplified and discussed in detail. The frequencies of the different types and some typological correlations are also examined. Functional motivations are proposed for the structural types – symmetric negatives are language-internally analogous to the linguistic structure of the affirmative and asymmetric negatives are language-externally analogous to different asymmetries between affirmation and negation on the functional level. Relevant diachronic issues are also discussed. The book is of interest to language typologists, descriptive linguists and to all linguists interested in negation.
Author: Markus Mehlig
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 364032515X
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Dresden Technical University (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Seminar "Syntactic Patterns in English", language: English, abstract: Imagine an English lesson in a fifth grade somewhere in the USA. The class consists of 25 pupils – ten of them are noticeably of African descent. The white teacher gives instructions to the pupils, wanting them to write an imaginative story about a topic of their own choice. A black boy in the last row raises his arm, asking: “So there ain’t no restriction at all?” The teacher – visibly annoyed by the pupil’s interrogation – shouts in his direction: “I don’t want no double negation in your texts!” Although this story arose from my imagination, this little anecdote directly leads me to the topic of this paper: Negation in African American Vernacular English (AAVE). The situation described above might seem funny – especially because the teacher uses double negation in his answer himself – but its content appears to be sad reality for millions of black students all over the United States of America: White teachers do not accept ‘Black Talk’ as a proper language to be used in official institutions like schools but tend to call its speech patterns and expressions – that have been proved by many linguists in the past decades to be part of an own scientifically accepted language system – orthographically and grammatically wrong. As Geneva Smitherman states it in the preface of her book “Talking That Talk” (2000): It [is] obvious that despite decades of research and scholarly work on Ebonics, there are still large numbers of people who do not accept the scientific facts about this language spoken by millions of Americans of African descent.1 Since this is the case I became interested in the specific features that make AAVE so distinctive from other varieties of English. During my researches I found one grammatical phenomenon that might not be completely unique to AAVE but which contains a variety of smaller distinctive features, namely the field of negative construc-tions in AAVE. In this paper I want to investigate the various grammatical phenomena related to ne-gation in the African American vernacular. Since grammar always becomes a more lively and joyful thing to look at when it is explained with the help of examples from real life conversations or other authentic speaking situations I decided to use lyrics of Rap music written and performed by Afro-American Hip Hop artists Eric B., Rakim, Tupac Shakur and his Hip Hop group Thug Life to illustrate the grammatical rules and features discussed in this paper. [...]
