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Author: Bin Chen
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9781109218565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This dissertation addresses a number of issues concerning the nature and dynamics of Earth and planetary cores, including the thermal equation of state of iron-rich alloys, the melting behavior of the iron-sulfur system at moderate pressures, and the thermal transport properties of Earth and planetary materials under high pressure.
Author: Bin Chen
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9781109218565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This dissertation addresses a number of issues concerning the nature and dynamics of Earth and planetary cores, including the thermal equation of state of iron-rich alloys, the melting behavior of the iron-sulfur system at moderate pressures, and the thermal transport properties of Earth and planetary materials under high pressure.
Author: Craig E. Manning
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119508231
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
Carbon in Earth's fluid envelopes - the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, plays a fundamental role in our planet's climate system and a central role in biology, the environment, and the economy of earth system. The source and original quantity of carbon in our planet is uncertain, as are the identities and relative importance of early chemical processes associated with planetary differentiation. Numerous lines of evidence point to the early and continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior, including diamonds, carbon-rich mantle-derived magmas, carbonate rocks in subduction zones and springs carrying deeply sourced carbon-bearing gases. Thus, there is little doubt that a substantial amount of carbon resides in our planet's interior. Yet, while we know it must be present, carbon's forms, transformations and movements at conditions relevant to the interiors of Earth and other planets remain uncertain and untapped. Volume highlights include: - Reviews key, general topics, such as carbonate minerals, the deep carbon cycle, and carbon in magmas or fluids - Describes new results at the frontiers of the field with presenting results on carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids at extreme conditions of planetary interiors - Brings together emerging insights into carbon's forms, transformations and movements through study of the dynamics, structure, stability and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials - Reviews emerging new insights into the properties of allied substances that carry carbon, into the rates of chemical and physical transformations, and into the complex interactions between moving fluids, magmas, and rocks to the interiors of Earth and other planets - Spans the various chemical redox states of carbon, from reduced hydrocarbons to zero-valent diamond and graphite to oxidized CO2 and carbonates - Captures and synthesizes the exciting results of recent, focused efforts in an emerging scientific discipline - Reports advances over the last decade that have led to a major leap forward in our understanding of carbon science - Compiles the range of methods that can be tapped tap from the deep carbon community, which includes experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamic modelers and geodynamicists - Represents a reference point for future deep carbon science research Carbon in Planetary Interiors will be a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are interdisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to professionals from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences, such as mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamics, material science, chemistry, geophysics and geodynamics.
Author: Daniel Marcus Reaman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Abstract: Long-standing debate has persisted regarding the nature of the Earth's inner core, from its age and composition to its structure and dynamic high-pressure, high-temperature behavior. The equation of state of the alloy which comprises the inner core, the material transport properties of inner-core materials and the mechanism responsible for its structure are all required to gain further insight into the current and past state of the Earth's deep interior. Experimental work in the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) coupled with theoretical calculations are reported here to constrain these aspects of the Earth's inner core. Use of the DAC has allowed us to determine an equation of state of a planetary-core representative Fe64Ni36 alloy to 95 GP and ~ 3000 K. Increasing the Ni content in these experiments relative to the estimated abundance in the inner core (~5-10%) provides a critical investigation on the effects of increasing Ni content on the equation of state of FeNi alloys, thereby providing insight in to the behavior of these alloys at high pressures and temperatures with applications to other planetary cores. The use of micro-fabricated samples in the DAC is a novel new way of measuring material transport properties under high-pressure and temperature conditions. Using micro-fabricated samples in these experiments, with a controlled geometry of Fe and Ni, has allowed the measurement of interdiffusion coefficients in FeNi alloys and extended the previous pressure range of these experiments by a factor of three. The resulting data has been extrapolated to inner-core conditions to place constraints on material transport properties at those conditions while providing insight into some of the other physical properties of inner-core material, such as the solid-state viscosity. The seismically-anisotropic structure of the inner core remains a point of contention amongst geophysicists. Though many viable hypotheses have been put forth regarding the nature of this structure, debate still persists regarding the mechanism responsible. Theoretical calculations assuming high-temperature creep are presented which show that the structure of the inner core can be explained by a dislocation-based creep mechanism coupled with grain-boundary migration recrystallization and a grain growth model. These calculations provide a viable set of mechanisms which satisfactorily account for all of the structural features of the inner core. The results of this research provide an overall thermal and structural history of the inner core, in addition to placing constraints on its current state and mechanical behavior.
Author: Craig E. Manning
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111950824X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library. Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditions Carbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth’s surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth. Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research. Volume highlights include: Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials Properties of allied substances that carry carbon Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbon The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444538038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5604
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Book Description
Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Author: Beth N. Orcutt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108477496
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 687
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Book Description
A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Takashi Nakagawa
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119526906
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
New insights into interactions between the core and mantle The Earth's deep interior is difficult to study directly but recent technological advances have enabled new observations, experiments, analysis, and simulations to better understand deep Earth processes. Core Mantle Co-Evolution: An Interdisciplinary Approach seeks to address some of the major unsolved issues around the core-mantle interaction and co-evolution. It provides the latest insights into dynamics, structure, and evolution in the core-mantle boundary region. Volume highlights include: Latest technological advances in high pressure experiments and their application to understanding the mineral physical properties and stability of phases in deep Earth Recent progress in observational seismology, geochemical analysis, geoneutrino experiments, and numerical modeling for understanding the heterogeneity of the lower mantle Theoretical investigations on thermal-chemical evolution of Earth's mantle and core Exploring thermal-chemical-mechanical-electromagnetic interactions in the core-mantle boundary regions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: Luca Bindi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303128805X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
This volume celebrates mineral sciences and what are considered the most important progresses and breakthroughs in this discipline. Authoritative authors, who, in most cases, are the direct discoverers recount the steps of their research, which represent landmark developments of mineralogy and mineralogical crystallography.
Author: David Gubbins
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402044232
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1061
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Book Description
This reference encompasses the fields of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism in a single volume. Both sciences have applications in navigation, in the search for minerals and hydrocarbons, in dating rock sequences, and in unraveling past geologic movements such as plate motions they have contributed to a better understanding of the Earth. The book describes in fine detail the current state of knowledge and provides an up-to-date synthesis of the most basic concepts. It is an indispensable working tool not only for geophysicists and geophysics students but also for geologists, physicists, atmospheric and environmental scientists, and engineers.
Author: Hagay Amit
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631044
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
