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Author: Ana Maria Hernandez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889454053
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to ‘neo-self’ carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.
Author: Ana Maria Hernandez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889454053
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Get Book Here
Book Description
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to ‘neo-self’ carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to 'neo-self' carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.
Author: Hans U. Lutz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461434610
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
This volume illustrates the functional properties of NAbs. Authors from pioneering groups report in their chapters on the tissue homeostatic, tissue regenerating and regulatory properties of NAbs and NAbs in pooled human IgG. Scientists interested in the regulation and modulation of components of the immune system found a whole variety of NAbs to cytokines with regulatory and protective functions and NAbs that modulate, e.g., dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, B cells and granulocytes. Considering the large plasma pools and initial difficulties in preparing IVIG that does not induce adverse effects upon infusion into recipients, this volume ends with a historical chapter on how pooled human plasma was fractionated and the IgG component pretreated for a safe intravenous application.
Author: Kenneth Murphy
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 9780815344575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Author: Yehuda Shoenfeld
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849355011
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Natural Autoantibodies provides an in-depth analysis of all aspects of natural antibodies. The book examines the advantages and pitfalls of every type of technique that is widely used for detecting autoantibodies. It also covers the sequencing of human autoantibody genes, discussing how sequencing is undertaken and the genetic clues available to elucidate the genetic origins of autoimmunity. Animal models of autoimmunity are also covered, and the up-to-date account provided in this book explains how natural autoantibodies have important regulatory functions and also occasionally serve as templates for autoimmunity. Other topics examined in Natural Autoantibodies: Their Physiological Role and Regulatory Significance include idiotypes of natural autoantibodies; the pathogenic role of natural autoantibodies; and methods to measure the effects of genetic and sex hormones, as well as aging, on natural autoantibodies. The book will be an excellent research tool and reference for immunologists, rheumatologists, and others interested in the topic.
Author: Srinivas V. Kaveri
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781493971800
Category : Biomedicine
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
This volume looks at the role of natural antibodies in pathogen elimination, cell survival, inflammation, cancer, and autoimmunity. The chapters in this book cover numerous topics, such as isolation of natural antibodies; methods for separating natural antibodies from human plasma, saliva, breast milk, and gastrointestinal fluids; functional properties of natural antibodies such as anti-tumor cytotoxic activity, and hydrolysis and dissolution of their target antigens; their utility in serological diagnosis of microbial antigens; and the role of natural antibodies in inhibiting viral vectors in the absence of prior exposure to the virus.
Author: Per J. Garegg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : MEDICAL
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Developed from a symposium at the Fourth Chemical Congress of North America (202nd National Meeting of the ACS) in New York City, August 1991, chapter-papers present research on topics including how proteins recognize and bind oligosaccharides, synthesis and immunological properties of glycopeptide T-cell determinants, Vibrio cholerae polysaccharide studies, and purification of oligosaccharide antigens by weak affinity chromatography. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Meng-Yun Sandy Chou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins and apoptotic cells, both containing various "oxidation-specific" neoepitopes. Adaptive immune responses to oxidation-specific epitopes have been shown to play an important role in atherogenesis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these epitopes are also recognized by components of innate immunity, such as scavenger receptors on macrophages, as well as natural antibodies (NAbs). NAbs are mostly of the IgM isotype which are selected by evolution and represent the humoral arc of innate immunity. In my thesis, I provide multiple lines of evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes constitute a dominant, previously unrecognized target of NAbs in both mice and humans. For example, using reconstituted mice expressing solely IgM NAbs, I showed that ~ 30% of all NAbs bind to model oxidation epitopes, as well as to atherosclerotic lesions and apoptotic cells. Similar observations were made for human natural IgM Abs. Because oxidative processes are ubiquitous, these epitopes might exert selective pressure to expand NAbs, which in turn may play an important role in mediating homeostatic functions consequent to inflammation and cell death. This is demonstrated by the ability of NAbs to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of NAbs in mediating host homeostasis and into their roles in health and diseases, which may lead to novel diagnostic and possibly therapeutic approaches to deal with consequences of oxidative stress such as atherogenesis.
Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cytology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Paul C. Guest
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781071615584
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
This detailed book explores protocols with the aim of testing aerobic exercise, resistance training, special diets, additives and natural products, which have led to new insights into the physiological and molecular aspects of health and disease. Many of these approaches have contributed to significant improvements in disease areas such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, diabetes, frailty, gliobastoma, metabolic syndrome, obesity, oxidative stress, and various cancers. This collection also provides important information on disease mechanisms and novel drug targets as each protocol is presented in the context of specific chronic diseases or different therapeutic areas. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and reflective of research from all around the globe, Physical Exercise and Natural and Synthetic Products in Health and Disease serves as an ideal guide for researchers in the areas of chronic disease, exercise, and nutrition, as well as to clinical scientists, physicians, and pharmacologists as it gives insights into possibilities for the development of novel therapeutics and the means of monitoring therapeutic response through the measurement of molecular and physiometric biomarkers.
