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Author: Bruce John Bauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acoustic imaging
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Author: Bruce John Bauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acoustic imaging
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Author: Jeong Nyeon Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Since Paul Langevins discovery of active sonar in 1917, ultrasound transducers have evolved in multiple forms that include single element, single element on a wedge, single element with cylindrical lens, single element with spherical lens, linear arrays, annular arrays, two- dimensional (2D) arrays, and phased arrays, among others. They have been applied in sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), structural health monitoring (SHM), nondestructive testing (NDT), nondestructive evaluation (NDE), medical/biomedical sensing/imaging, and biometric sensing/imaging. This dissertation focuses on the development of high frequency phased array transducers for two specific applications scanning acoustic microscopy, and biometric imaging for small electronics. Closed-loop finite element studies were conducted in three dimensions using PZFlex, a commercial finite-element method software. A 5 MHz, thickness-mode, linear array for an acoustic microscope, and a flexible 10 MHz, bending-mode, piezoelectric, micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) 2D array, plus a flexible 38 MHz bending-mode, PMUT 2D array for finger-print and finger-vein imaging, were virtually prototyped and their respective performances were predicted. The scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) has been a well-recognized tool for both visualization and quantitative evaluation of materials at the microscale, since its invention in 1974. While there have been multiple advances in SAM over the past four decades, some issues still remain to be addressed. First, the measurement speed is limited by the mechanical movement of the acoustic lens. Second, a single element transducer acoustic lens only delivers a predetermined beam pattern for a fixed focal length and incident angle, thereby limiting control of the inspection beam. Here, a development of a phased array probe as an alternative is proposed to overcome these issues. Preliminary studies to design a practical, high frequency, phased array, acoustic microscope probe were explored. A linear phased array, comprising 32 elements and operating at 5 MHz, was modeled using PZFlex. This phased array system was characterized in terms of electrical input impedance response, pulse-echo and impulse response, surface displacement profiles, mode shapes, and beam profiles.PMUT using lead-zirconate-titanate, PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), thin films are currently being investigated for miniaturized, high frequency, ultrasound systems, and their microfabrication processes explored. For example, Liu et al. developed a process to remove the PZT from an underlying rigid Si substrate, creating the potential for developing curved arrays [138, 139]. This dissertation aims to improve the design of flexible PMUT arrays by developing 3D models using PZFlex. A 10 MHz 2D array PMUT device, working in 3-1 bending mode, was designed. A circular unit-cell was structured from the top, comprising a platinum (Pt) electrode, a PZT active layer, a bottom Pt electrode and a titanium (Ti) passive layer, all placed concentrically on a polyimide (PI) substrate. The active PZT layer had a diameter of 46 m and a thickness of 1 m. The passive Ti layer was 59.8 m diameter and 1 m in thickness. The PI substrate was 20 m thick. Below the passive Ti layer, another 7 m thick PI passive layer and 13 m deep cavity with 46 m diameter was added concentric to the PZT layer. The dimensions were selected to have a resonance frequency at 10 MHz under water load and air backing. The pulse-echo and spectral response analysis of the unit-cell predicted its bandwidth to be 87%. Mode shapes of the unit-cell were modeled to discover undesirable cross coupling to higher modes. A 2D array, consisting of 256 (1616) unit-cells, was created and characterized in terms of pulse-echo response, spectral response, surface displacement profile, cross-talk, and beam profiles.Iterations to find a robust design of the flexible PMUT array with increased resonance frequency and low operating voltage were continued. A PMUT array has to be operated at very low voltage to be embedded and run in small electronic devices, such as smart-phones, and smart-watches. A 38 MHz, flexible, PMUT array operating at 3 Volt peak-to-peak (Vpp) driving voltage was designed. To achieve these goals, a unit-cell, consisting of four 3-1 bending mode diaphragms, were devised. The quad diaphragm unit-cell was structured with 40 m 40 m 500 nm PZT layer on top of 40 m 40 m 1 m Ti elastic layer which had four (22)10 m 10 m 5 m cavities beneath it. The cavities had 11 m of interspacing to next cavities. Four pairs of 10 m 10 m top and bottom Pt electrodes were placed concentrically with the cavities by sandwiching the PZT layer. The top and bottom Pt electrodes had thicknesses of 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively. A PI substrate was placed beneath the Ti layer, surrounding the cavities, with 8 m thick, including the 5 m deep cavities. The pulse-echo and spectral response analysis of the quad diaphragm unit-cell revealed its bandwidth to be 32.2 %. A 2D array was constructed with 1616 unit-cells, consisting of 1024 (3232) diaphragms. This array was evaluated in terms of pulse-echo response, spectral response, surface displacement profile, cross-talk, and beam profiles.
Author: Usman Saeed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transducers
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: Lester W. Schmerr Jr.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319072722
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This book describes in detail the physical and mathematical foundations of ultrasonic phased array measurements. The book uses linear systems theory to develop a comprehensive model of the signals and images that can be formed with phased arrays. Engineers working in the field of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) will find in this approach a wealth of information on how to design, optimize and interpret ultrasonic inspections with phased arrays. The fundamentals and models described in the book will also be of significant interest to other fields, including the medical ultrasound and seismology communities. A unique feature of this book is that it presents a unified theory of imaging with phased arrays that shows how common imaging methods such as the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT), the total focusing method (TFM), and the physical optics far field inverse scattering (POFFIS) imaging method are all simplified versions of more fundamental and quantitative imaging approaches, called imaging measurement models. To enhance learning, this book first describes the fundamentals of phased array systems using 2-D models, so that the complex 3-D cases normally found in practice can be more easily understood. In addition to giving a detailed discussion of phased array systems, Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays also provides MATLAB® functions and scripts, allowing the reader to conduct simulations of ultrasonic phased array transducers and phased array systems with the latest modeling technology.
Author: Ferenc A. Jolesz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420019937
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery will be the first publication on this new technology, and will present a variety of current and future clinical applications in tumor ablation treatment. This source helps surgeons and specialists evaluate, analyze, and utilize MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery - bridging the gap between phase 3 clinical tr
Author: Frederic L. Lizzi
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Author: Waleed M. Hajjar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ultrasonic transducers
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Author: K. Kirk Shung
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0849338921
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Ultrasound imaging is one of the most important and widely used diagnostic tools in modern medicine, second only to the conventional x-ray. Although considered a mature field, research continues for improving the capabilities and finding new uses for ultrasound technology while driving down the cost of newer, more complicated procedures such as int
Author: R/D Tech
Publisher: Québec : R/D Tech
ISBN: 9780973593303
Category : Materials
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Author: K. Kirk Shung
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323139930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Since the early 1960's, the field of medical imaging has experienced explosive growth due to the development of three new imaging modalities-radionuclide imaging, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Along with X-ray, they are among the most important clinical diagnostic tools in medicine today. Additionally, the digital revolution has played a major role in this growth, with advances in computer and digital technology and in electronics making fast data acquisition and mass data storage possible. This text provides an introduction to the physics and instrumentation of the four most often used medical imaging techniques. Each chapter includes a discussion of recent technological developments and the biological effects of the imaging modality. End-of-chapter problem sets, lists of relevant references, and suggested further reading are presented for each technique. - X-ray imaging, including CT and digital radiography - Radionuclide imaging, including SPECT and PET - Ultrasound imaging - Magnetic resonance imaging
