Author: Nigel M. Davies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description

Author: Atish S Mundada
Publisher: Smithers Rapra
ISBN: 1847355641
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description
The eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Drugs are commonly applied to the eye for localised action on the surface or in the interior of the eye. A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the precorneal loss factors which include tear dynamics, non-productive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the corneal epithelial membrane. Due to these physiological and anatomical constraints only a small fraction of the drug, effectively 1% or even less of the instilled dose is ocularly absorbed. The effective dose of medication administered ophthalmically may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication in contact with the surface of the eye. To date, Pharmaceutical Technologists have tried to develop different novel formulations like gel, ocular inserts, collagen shields, implants, liposomes, nanoparticles, penetration enhancers and in-situ gelling systems, in order to increase the bioavailability and duration of the therapeutic action of ocular drugs and polymers plays an important role in all these approaches. This book provides detailed information regarding all such polymers which have been used and shown to be excellent in improving the bioavailability of ocular drugs.

Author: Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118794397
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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Book Description
Mucoadhesion defined as attachment of synthetic or natural materials to mucosal tissues has been widely exploited in pharmaceutical forms. This multi-author book provides an up-to-date account of current research on mucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems. The introductory section describes the structure and physiology of various mucosal surfaces (oral, nasal, ocular, gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa). This is followed by chapters on the various methods used to study mucoadhesion and to characterise mucoadhesive properties of various dosage forms. The final section will summarise information on traditional and novel types of mucoadhesive materials, such as chitosan, thiomers, and liposome-based formulations. This book is unique as there is currently no modern book considering mucoadhesion - all other existing books on the topic are either narrowly focused or more than 10 years old. Furthermore, each contributor offers specialist perspectives from a variety of global locations in both industrial and academic research centres.

Author: K. L. Mittal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119640253
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
Understanding the phenomenon of bioadhesion i.e. its theories or mechanism(s) are of critical importance in developing optimum bioadhesive polymers (used in bioadhesives). Such bioadhesive polymers are the key for exhibiting the process of bioadhesion, controlled/sustained release of drugs, and drug targeting. The use of bioadhesives restricts the delivery system to the site of interest and thus offers a useful and efficient technique for targeting a drug to the desired location for a prolonged duration. This book addresses the various relevant aspects of bioadhesives in drug delivery in an easily accessible and unified manner. The book containing 12 chapters written by eminent researchers from many parts of the globe is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Bioadhesive Formulations; Part 3: Drug Delivery Applications. The topics covered include: Theories and mechanisms of bioadhesion; bioadhesive polymers for drug delivery applications; methods for characterization of bioadhesiveness of drug delivery systems; bioadhesive films and drug delivery applications; bioadhesive nanoparticles; and bioadhesive hydrogels and applications ocular biodhesive drug delivery systems; buccal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; gastrointestinal bioadhesive drug delivery systems ; nasal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; vaginal drug delivery systems; pulmonary bioadhesive drug delivery systems.

Author: Edith Mathiowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420001341
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
This invaluable reference presents a comprehensive review of the basic methods for characterizing bioadhesive materials and improving vehicle targeting and uptake-offering possibilities for reformulating existing compounds to create new pharmaceuticals at lower development costs. Evaluates the unique carrier characteristics of bioadhesive polymers and their power to enhance localization of delivered agents, local bioavailability, and drug absorption and transport! Written by over 50 international experts and reflecting broad knowledge of both traditional bioadhesive strategies and novel clinical applications, Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems discusses mechanical and chemical bonding, polymer-mucus interactions, the effect of surface energy in bioadhesion, polymer hydration, and mucus rheology analyzes biochemical properties of mucus and glycoproteins, cell adhesion molecules, and cellular interaction with two- and three-dimensional surfaces covers microbalances and magnetic force transducers, atomic force microscopy, direct measurements of molecular level adhesions, and methods to measure cell-cell interactions examines bioadhesive carriers, diffusion or penetration enhancers, and lectin-targeted vehicles describes vaginal, nasal, buccal, ocular, and transdermal drug delivery reviews bioadhesive interactions with the mucosal tissues of the eye and mouth, and those in the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts explores issues of product development, clinical testing, and production and more! Amply referenced with over 1400 bibliographic citations, and illustrated with more than 300 drawings, photographs, tables, and display equations, Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems serves as a sound basis for innovation in bioadhesive systems and an excellent introduction to the subject. This unique reference is ideal for pharmaceutical scientists and technologists; chemical, polymer, and plastics engineers; biochemists; physical, surface, and colloid chemists; biologists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Author: Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039287524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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Book Description
Mucoadhesive polymers are widely used in the design of dosage forms for transmucosal drug delivery to the eye, respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. These routes of drug administration offer a number of advantages including improved drug bioavailability, reduced frequency of administration, and the avoidance for the use of injections. This book represents a collection of reviews and original research articles in the area of mucoadhesive polymers and dosage forms. It covers the design of mucoadhesive forms from commercially-available water-soluble polymers, their mixture and complexes as well as some materials, whose mucoadhesive properties were enhanced through chemical modification. With contributions from leading experts in mucoadhesive polymers and formulations, this book will be a very useful source of information for researchers in polymer, pharmaceutical and formulation sciences.

Author: Sukrit Rajpal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Nanotechnology enable medicine (nanomedicine) is expected to be the next advent of the health care market, facilitating efficient, safe, and personalized therapies. But there has been limited success penetrating the market. Despite numerous publications demonstrating the utility of nanoparticle platforms for drug delivery, analyses on commercial viability show there are several challenges to be addressed. This thesis work addresses some of these challenges, with a focus on ocular drug delivery. Topical administration is the most popular route of ocular drug delivery. However, only 5% of the administered dose is bioavailable for action at the target site, while the remaining 95% is removed via blinking, nasolacrimal drainage, or degradation. Frequent administrations of concentrated solutions are required to overcome these barriers to maintain therapeutic concentrations. Self-assembled mucoadhesive polymer nanoparticles (MNPs) composed of a poly(lactic acid) core, and dextran corona functionalized with phenylboronic acid have been successful in addressing some of these challenges for ocular drug delivery. This work is intended to optimize the commercial viability of these nanoparticle drug carriers. A review of the current state of nanomedicine for ocular drug delivery aimed at improving retention on the ocular surface is presented. The manufacturing process of the mucoadhesive block copolymer is investigated and optimized resulting in significant time and cost savings. In addition, a method for modification of carbohydrates without the use of organic solvents based on solid-state chemistry is described. Strategies to improve the shelf-life of the colloid suspension are explored and optimized for the MNPs with pharmacopoeia guidelines. A novel method of utilizing freeze-drying to drive self-assembly of polymer micelles is demonstrated. Further steps to improve the commercial viability and success of the MNP platform are discussed in the conclusions.

Author: Ashim K. Mitra
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1608051757
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 301

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Book Description
A multidisciplinary approach is increasingly being adapted by the Pharmaceutical industry to tackle several challenges in developing efficacious treatment solutions. The field of Ophthalmology is no less different. Treatise on Ocular Drug Delivery is a unique collection of information put together by various experts in the field. One of the major goals behind this volume is to link clinical information with the current strategies employed in ocular drug delivery. This monograph covers a range of topics on ocular pharmacology. Chapters in the e-book cover several aspects of drug delivery research such as the biochemical background of specific eye diseases, challenges for ocular drug delivery, the role of influx and efflux transporters, novel drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetics, regulatory aspects, and patenting opportunities for researchers. This E-Book would serve as a suitable reference for pharmacy graduates, medical students, professional scientists and ophthalmic clinicians in academic and industrial laboratories.

Author: Hugo Almeida
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036580036
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Conventional ophthalmic formulations lack prolonged drug release effects and mucoadhesive properties, decreasing their residence time in the precorneal area and, therefore, in drug penetration across ocular tissues, presenting a low bioavailability with a consequent reduction in the therapeutic efficacy. These limitations are related to the physiological mechanisms of the eye, for example, the diluting effect of formulations exerted by the tear fluid, constant turnover of the tear fluid, blink reflex, limited capacity of the conjunctival sac, and drainage of formulations applied by gravity. To increase the residence time of formulations on the surface of ocular tissues and increase their ability to penetrate these tissues, different strategies can be used, namely, the use of viscosifying agents, mucoadhesive polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers, microparticles, and colloidal carriers (e.g., micelles, liposomes, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, polymeric, and lipid nanoparticles). This Special Issue combines the latest research and review works reporting the use of nanoparticles in ophthalmic formulations to increase their bioavailability and improve the therapeutic efficacy of ophthalmic formulations.

Author: Ashim K. Mitra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367446765
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 847

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Book Description
The second edition of this text assembles significant ophthalmic advances and encompasses breakthroughs in gene therapy, ocular microdialysis, vitreous drug disposition modelling, and receptor/transporter targeted drug delivery.