MTBE, BTEX and Oxygenates Biodegradation in Biomass Concentrator Reactors PDF Download
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Author: Ali Medella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Methyl tert butyl ether is an oxygenate added to gasoline to increase the octane rating and improve gasoline combustion. Assessment of MTBE biodegradation under aerobic conditions is conducted in Lab-scale Biomass Concentrator Reactors (BCRs). The Biomass Concentrator Reactors are miniature scale modified BCRs similar to the one operated at field-scale in Rhode Island. The BCRs were operated under high flow rates, 78.27 l/day and 137.5 l/day of dechlorinated tap Water, containing high concentrations of MTBE and other gasoline additives namely DIPE (di-isopropyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tert butyl ether), TAME (tert amyl methyl ether), TAA (tert amyl alcohol) and gasoline constituents BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and p-Xylene). The BCRs were effective in the removal of the aforementioned contaminants to concentrations less than 5 ug/l, which is the California drinking water advisory for MTBE. A tracer study was also conducted on the reactors; and a mathematical model that describes the hydraulic flow rates within the reactors was obtained. Finally, the performance of the BCRs was investigated under shock loading and intermittence of feeding (starvation tests) of the contaminants of concern to evaluate the propensity of the reactor recovery. The BCRs were found resilient to fluctuations in substrate conditions.
Author: Ali Medella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Methyl tert butyl ether is an oxygenate added to gasoline to increase the octane rating and improve gasoline combustion. Assessment of MTBE biodegradation under aerobic conditions is conducted in Lab-scale Biomass Concentrator Reactors (BCRs). The Biomass Concentrator Reactors are miniature scale modified BCRs similar to the one operated at field-scale in Rhode Island. The BCRs were operated under high flow rates, 78.27 l/day and 137.5 l/day of dechlorinated tap Water, containing high concentrations of MTBE and other gasoline additives namely DIPE (di-isopropyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tert butyl ether), TAME (tert amyl methyl ether), TAA (tert amyl alcohol) and gasoline constituents BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and p-Xylene). The BCRs were effective in the removal of the aforementioned contaminants to concentrations less than 5 ug/l, which is the California drinking water advisory for MTBE. A tracer study was also conducted on the reactors; and a mathematical model that describes the hydraulic flow rates within the reactors was obtained. Finally, the performance of the BCRs was investigated under shock loading and intermittence of feeding (starvation tests) of the contaminants of concern to evaluate the propensity of the reactor recovery. The BCRs were found resilient to fluctuations in substrate conditions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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The aerobic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely used fuel oxygenate, was investigated using an innovative pilot-scale biomass-retaining bioreactor called a Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR). The BCR was developed based on the porous pot reactor design that proved effective in remediating co-mingled groundwater contaminated with MTBE, gasoline hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and p-xylene), and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The BCR was operated for approximately five years treating flow rates as high as 5000 L/d of dechlorinated tap water spiked with MTBE alone, MTBE + BTEX, and MTBE + BTEX + other gasoline oxygenates (di-isopropyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, tert-amyl alcohol, and ethyl tert-butyl ether). The bioreactor affected excellent removal of all the aforementioned contaminants throughout the study, with effluent concentrations always lower than the 5 [micro-]g/L Drinking Water advisory set for MTBE in California. The BCR proved its resilience to fluctuations in environmental and substrate conditions. The field applicability of this novel design was then investigated with a full-scale BCR that was used to remediate groundwater contaminated with gasoline from a leaking underground storage tank in Pascoag, RI. The field BCR demonstrated its effectiveness at removing all the contaminants of concern (MTBE, BTEX, DIPE, TAME, TAA, tert-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl formate, methanol, and acetone) down to less than 5 [micro-]g/L. In addition, the reactor effluent was found to be of better quality than the influent groundwater as reflected from dissolved organic carbon analysis, a significant characteristic if the treated water were to be used for drinking purposes since it represents a significant reduction in trihalomethane (THM) precursors prior to disinfection. Molecular analysis of the microbial community populating the pilot- and field-scale bioreactors was performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16s rDNA. Both reactors were found to be inhabited by a wide spectrum of bacterial species, most notably Hydrogenophaga flava and PM1 in the pilot BCR and Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Sphingobacterium species in the field BCR.
Author:
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Category : Butyl methyl ether
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 625
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Author: Amy Pruden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This study investigates the potential for biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a prevalent gasoline additive and groundwater contaminant, under various substrate and oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions. Porous pot reactors designed for biomass retention were operated aerobically under the following conditions: MTBE only, MTBE and ethanol, MTBE and di-isopropyl ether, MTBE and diethyl ether, and MTBE with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). In all reactors, optimal performance was achieved when operated without biomass wasting. Mineralization of MTBE and the alternative substrates was observed in all reactors, with an average stable effluent concentration of all compounds being at or below 1 ppb (0.001 mg/l). Anaerobically, MTBE degradation was investigated in porous pot reactors and in batch systems. After a 180 day acclimation period, conversion of MTBE to its intermediate, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), was observed in both batch and continuous-flow iron-reducing systems, and one instance of degradation was observed in the denitrifying porous pot reactor. No degradation of MTBE under methanogenic or sulfate-reducing conditions was observed after over 1 year of incubation. A molecular tool, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor and profile the bacterial community structure of all reactors. Members of the Flexibacter-Bacterioides-Cytophaga (F-B-C) group of bacteria were most represented among all aerobic reactors, while delta-Proteobacteria were found to be prevalent in the iron-reducing system. Beta-Proteobacteria with high similarity to the known MTBE degrader, PM1, were detected by DGGE late in operation of the MTBE only and the MTBE and BTEX reactors. Two pure MTBE-degrading cultures with high similarity to PM1 were also isolated from the MTBE only reactor. Studies in pure culture also indicated no significant effect of alternative substrate (BTEX) on MTBE degradation. Results indicate that aerobic degradation of MTBE is reliable under various substrate conditions, and that a porous pot reactor designed for biomass retention is highly effective for attaining low effluent concentrations of MTBE and its intermediates.
Author: Rula Anselmo Deeb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aromatic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Author: Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420072226
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1396
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Most industrial and hazardous waste management resources cover the major industries and provide conventional in-plant pollution control strategies. Until now however, no book or series of books has provided coverage that includes the latest developments in innovative and alternative environmental technology, design criteria, managerial decision met
Author: Michael Ming Fan
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Author: Keeyong Park
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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