Author: Alexei Arbona Estrada
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788449082054
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
Esta tesis se centra en el análisis de las contribuciones a la educación por parte de empresas privadas. Específicamente, se centra en las motivaciones que las originan y sus efectos en el desempeño educativo de los estudiantes que asisten a escuelas públicas en Colombia. Este caso de estudio es de especial interés ya que representa contextos de economía emergente donde los hogares hacen grandes esfuerzos de gasto privado en educación para compensar el gasto público de bajo nivel por estudiante y, sin embargo, a pesar de esto, no logran romper las persistentes brechas en el acceso educativo y la calidad del mismo. Complementaria y consistentemente con otros contextos de alta desigualdad social, las empresas privadas tienen una mayor propensión a contribuir a la provisión de este bien público. De hecho, la asignación óptima de los recursos públicos y privados es importante para aumentar sus impactos y sus rendimientos sociales. La Tesis está estructurada en seis capítulos: 1. El primer capítulo presenta la motivación, guía y justificación de la tesis y la opción metodológica seguida, basada en la brecha de literatura identificada. 2. El segundo capítulo presenta una revisión rigurosa y sistemática de la literatura teórica y empírica sobre las contribuciones de las empresas privadas a la educación, con especial referencia a la literatura de Bienes públicos, Economía y RSC. Las principales contribuciones del Capítulo son una propuesta de construcción teórica para el concepto de 'contribución privada' y una taxonomía de motivaciones y efectos. Este capítulo resume los tipos de contribuciones privadas, sus niveles de decisión, las motivaciones pro-empresariales y pro-sociales, los efectos privados y públicos, los tipos de instituciones educativas y las intervenciones utilizadas en la literatura. 3. El tercer capítulo se basa en entrevistas con líderes de empresas y organizaciones del sector privado -las empresas que realizan aportes a instituciones educativas-, con el objetivo de identificar las motivaciones de las empresas para realizar este tipo de aportes y los efectos que esperan para la compañía y para la sociedad. 4. El cuarto capítulo contiene un ejercicio empírico para estimar el efecto de tales contribuciones bajo un enfoque de eficiencia. El resultado principal es un efecto positivo en 7 de las 16 submuestras del estudio, lo que no respalda consistentemente la presunción de los efectos positivos declarados por los líderes empresariales en el capítulo anterior. 5. El quinto capítulo amplía el análisis de los efectos de las contribuciones al preguntar qué tipo de contribución tiene el mayor efecto. La principal contribución de este capítulo es una metodología para la comparación de tipos de contribución que implica una mejor comprensión de los efectos de la contribución y representa una guía para la asignación de recursos para lograr un mayor efecto.
Author: Edward L. Deci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489922717
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Early in this century, most empirically oriented psychologists believed that all motivation was based in the physiology of a set of non-nervous system tissue needs. The theories of that era reflected this belief and used it in an attempt to explain an increasing number of phenomena. It was not until the 1950s that it became irrefutably clear that much of human motivation is based not in these drives, but rather in a set of innate psychological needs. Their physiological basis is less understood; and as concepts, these needs lend themselves more easily to psycho logical than to physiological theorizing. The convergence of evidence from a variety of scholarly efforts suggests that there are three such needs: self-determination, competence, and interpersonal relatedness. This book is primarily about self-determination and competence (with particular emphasis on the former), and about the processes and structures that relate to these needs. The need for interpersonal relat edness, while no less important, remains to be explored, and the findings from those explorations will need to be integrated with the present theory to develop a broad, organismic theory of human motivation. Thus far, we have articulated self-determination theory, which is offered as a working theory-a theory in the making. To stimulate the research that will allow it to evolve further, we have stated self-determination theory in the form of minitheories that relate to more circumscribed domains, and we have developed paradigms for testing predictions from the various minitheories.
Author: Christopher A. Lubienski
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022608907X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Nearly the whole of America’s partisan politics centers on a single question: Can markets solve our social problems? And for years this question has played out ferociously in the debates about how we should educate our children. From the growth of vouchers and charter schools to the implementation of No Child Left Behind, policy makers have increasingly turned to market-based models to help improve our schools, believing that private institutions—because they are competitively driven—are better than public ones. With The Public School Advantage, Christopher A. and Sarah Theule Lubienski offer powerful evidence to undercut this belief, showing that public schools in fact outperform private ones. For decades research showing that students at private schools perform better than students at public ones has been used to promote the benefits of the private sector in education, including vouchers and charter schools—but much of these data are now nearly half a century old. Drawing on two recent, large-scale, and nationally representative databases, the Lubienskis show that any benefit seen in private school performance now is more than explained by demographics. Private schools have higher scores not because they are better institutions but because their students largely come from more privileged backgrounds that offer greater educational support. After correcting for demographics, the Lubienskis go on to show that gains in student achievement at public schools are at least as great and often greater than those at private ones. Even more surprising, they show that the very mechanism that market-based reformers champion—autonomy—may be the crucial factor that prevents private schools from performing better. Alternatively, those practices that these reformers castigate, such as teacher certification and professional reforms of curriculum and instruction, turn out to have a significant effect on school improvement. Despite our politics, we all agree on the fundamental fact: education deserves our utmost care. The Public School Advantage offers exactly that. By examining schools within the diversity of populations in which they actually operate, it provides not ideologies but facts. And the facts say it clearly: education is better off when provided for the public by the public.
Author: Laura Zapfe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 365843323X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Laura Zapfe’s aim is to explain how education system and school characteristics affect the gender gap in mathematics and reading competencies. She adapts the macro-meso-micro model. At the micro level, she uses theories, e.g., gender-specific socialization, highlighting how gender-specific expectations and stereotypes cause gendered interest and skills and therefore gender differences in mathematics and reading. Deriving a macro-meso-micro link, she explains how education system characteristics such as competition, differentiation, and standardization, and school characteristics could increase or decrease the gender-specific socialization effects, leading to larger or smaller gender gaps in mathematics and reading competencies. On this basis, she performs a cross-national comparison of 78 countries participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, combined with further researched macro data with three-level mixed-effects models. The results show that boys have an advantage in mathematics, girls have an advantage in reading, the gender effects are slightly higher for reading, and the gender effects at the school level are more pronounced than those at the country level.
Author: Pedro N. Teixeira
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9460914667
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Recent years have seen the strengthening of a discourse that emphasises the virtues of markets, competition and private initiative, vis-à-vis the vices of public intervention in higher education. This volume presents a timely reflection about the effects this increasing marketization has been producing in many higher education systems worldwide. The various chapters of this volume analyse the impact of markets at the system level, with significant attention being devoted to the changes in modes of regulation, the strengthening of aspects such as privatization and inter-institutional competition in higher education systems, and the closer interaction between higher education and its economic environment. Several of the contributors devote attention as well to the implications of market forces for institutional change, notably regarding issues such as mission, organizational structure and governance and the way marketization is affecting the internal distribution of power and the definition of priorities. Finally, the volume includes several chapters focusing on the different markets of higher education, such as the academic labour market, undergraduate and postgraduate education, and research markets. Altogether these chapters provide important insights concerning the many national and institutional contexts in which the marketization of higher education has been taking place around the world.
Author: Stazyk, Edmund C.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1789906806
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
This cutting-edge Research Handbook brings together international scholars to provide a comprehensive overview of motivation within and beyond the field of public administration. Discussing the implications of contemporary research for theory and practice, it offers suggestions for the development of future research in the field.
Author: Dominic J. Brewer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080965318
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
A collection of short, stand-alone chapters divided into five sections including overview of the field; private and social returns to human capital investments; production, costs and ?nancing of education; teachers and teacher labor markets; and education markets, choice and incentives. The collection provides international perspectives that describe the origins of these subjects, their major issues and proponents, their landmark studies, and opportunities for future research. The 70 contributors are each well-regarded economists whose research has advanced the topic on which they write, and this book fulfills an undersupplied niche for a text in the economics of education. The chapters come from the acclaimed International Encyclopedia of Education, 3e (2010), edited by Eva Baker, Barry McGaw, and Penelope Peterson. The Encyclopedia contains over 1,350 articles in 24 sections that stretch from educational philosophies and technologies to measurement, leadership, and national systems of education. - This single volume textbook presents a cohesive view of this increasingly important area ofeconomics - Superb contributions from well-regarded economist convey unique and useful perspectives - Chapters contain an extensive bibliography and further readings to enable interestedresearchers to extend their knowledge into each speci?c topic
Author: Helen F. Ladd
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135863881
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 786
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Book Description
Sponsored by the Association for Education Finance and Policy (AEFP), this groundbreaking new handbook assembles in one place the existing research-based knowledge in education finance and policy, thereby helping to define this evolving field of research and practice. It provides a readily available resource for anyone seriously involved in education finance and policy in the United States and around the world. The Handbook traces the evolution of the field from its initial focus on school inputs and the revenue sources used to finance these inputs to a focus on educational outcomes and the larger policies used to achieve them. It shows how the current decision-making context in school finance inevitably interacts with those of governance, accountability, equity, privatization, and other areas of education policy. Because a full understanding of the important contemporary issues requires input from a variety of perspectives, the Handbook draws on contributors from a variety of disciplines. While many of the chapters cover complex state-of-the-art empirical research, the authors explain key concepts in language that non-specialists can understand.
Author: Harry Anthony Patrinos
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821379038
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
The book offers an overview of international examples, studies, and guidelines on how to create successful partnerships in education. PPPs can facilitate service delivery and lead to additional financing for the education sector as well as expanding equitable access and improving learning outcomes.
Author: Kathryn R. Wentzel
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135592918
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1050
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Book Description
The Handbook of Motivation at School presents the first comprehensive and integrated compilation of theory and research on children’s motivation at school. It covers the major theoretical perspectives in the field as well as their application to instruction, learning, and social adjustment at school. Key Features: Comprehensive – no other book provides such a comprehensive overview of theory and research on children’s motivation at school. Theoretical & Applied – the book provides a review of current motivation theories by the developers of those theories as well as attention to the application of motivation theory and research in classrooms and schools. Chapter Structure – chapters within each section follow a similar structure so that there is uniformity across chapters. Commentaries – each section ends with a commentary that provides clear directions for future research.
