Morphological Resistance of Some of the Gramineae to the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Cephus Cinctus Norton) PDF Download
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Author: George R. Roemhild
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grain
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author: George R. Roemhild
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grain
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author: Debra Kay Waters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cephus cinctus
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Author: Andrea Correa Varella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cephus cinctus
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (WSS), has been a serious pest of wheat in the Northern Great Plains of North America for decades. Host plant resistance has been most consistently effective and is the foundation for integrated pest management of the WSS; therefore, the main objective of this research was to enhance the repertoire of genetic resistance to WSS available for exploitation by wheat breeders through marker-assisted selection (MAS). We used two strategies to achieve our goal. First, we better characterized resistance provided by previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL). For that, we developed populations of near-isogenic lines (NILs) polymorphic for resistance QTLs on chromosomes 2D (Qwss.msub-2D), 3B (Qss-msub-3BL) and 4A (Qwss.msub-4A.1). Near-isogenic lines were tested greenhouse cage trials and in the field at both WSS-infested and uninfested locations. The Qwss.msub-4A.1 was shown to affect host plant attractiveness to foraging females, but did not change oviposition preference after females landed on the wheat stem. The Qwss.msub-2D and Qss-msub-3BL where shown to be associated with decreased preference for oviposition. The Qss-msub-3BL was also shown to be associated with temporal patterns of stem solidness expression, with the allele derived from the spring wheat cultivar Conan providing decreased infestation, high neonatal mortality, high levels of early stem solidness, and a rapid rate of pith retraction during stem maturation. Together, these studies characterized the effect of each one of these QTLs on WSS resistance. This information will help wheat breeders and entomologists to better integrate management strategies to reduce damage caused by the WSS. Our second strategy, involved the identification of new marker-trait associations for WSS resistance. For that, we used a panel of 244 elite spring wheat lines from North America. By conducting an association mapping study we were able to identify several QTLs for WSS resistance, including QTLs for early and late stem solidness, heading date, stem cutting, and larval mortality. This study showed that improvements in WSS management may be obtained using alleles that already exist in elite germplasm. Collectively, our research provided wheat breeders with a better tool kit for improving resistance to the WSS.
Author: Philip Luginbill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sawflies
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Canada. Department of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Ralph Donald Gustin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cephus cinctus
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author: Neil Devlin Holmes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cephus cinctus
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: Scott Byron Meers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bracon lissogaster
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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This is what should be left standing because it protects critical overwintering habitat. Removing only the wheat heads at harvest resulted in maximum parasitoid conservation. Special efforts to conserve parasitoids in solid stem wheat should be concentrated in areas of each field supporting above average crop growth because these high biomass areas harbor more overwintering cocoons. In hollow stem wheat the area 7.5 to 30 meters from the field margin is the most critical to conserve. If the hollow stem wheat has lower levels of infestation (less than 60% infested) the area to be conserved should extend to the field margin. These recommendations should be incorporated with other management practices that encourage sawfly parasitoids such as: solid stem wheat varieties, avoiding the use of insecticide during parasitoid flight, larger block fields, minimum tillage and chemical fallow. The improvement of parasitoid activity should further be incorporated into a complete integrated pest management approach including solid stem wheat, crop rotation, larger block fields and trap strips.
Author: Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization
Publisher: [Regina] : Saskatchewan Agriculture, Food and Rural Revitalization
ISBN:
Category : Sawflies
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 734
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