Molecular Engineering Strategies for the Design and Synthesis of New Organic Photovoltaic Materials PDF Download
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Author: Paul J. Homnick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic device efficiency can be obtained by optimizing spectral absorbance and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, increasing solid state exciton/charge mobility, and utilizing p-/n-type nanoarchitecture. Combining all of these properties into a new material presents a considerable synthetic challenge because potential commercial applications require materials that are high-performance and inexpensive. Thus, it is advantageous to design new materials using a versatile, modular synthetic approach that allows each design criterion to be engineered individually, in a synthetically efficient manner. Several strategies were successfully pursued using simple interchangeable electron donor and acceptor components as functional modules, which provided various donor-acceptor chromophores in a synthetically straightforward manner. This approach provided broad functional tunability to the range of materials produced and, as a result, various molecular engineering requirements were systematically addressed. In some cases, these materials were utilized in photovoltaic devices as p-type active layers or redox enhancement additives. In these cases, competitive power conversion efficiencies were obtained or test device performance was considerably enhanced by comparison to control devices. Fluorenone, fluorenylidene-malononitrile, and squaric acid were utilized as electron acceptor modules, and electron donor module strength was varied using a styrene-based and several di- and triarylamine-based components. One strategy, published in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., (Chapter 2, DOI-10.1039/C2CP41813D) is to fix the donor-acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy using the synthetically versatile fluorenone module. Fluorenone was chosen because of its ready availability and synthetic versatility, and its multiple functionalization sites allow for selective FMO engineering. Extrapolation of this approach was published in J. Phys. Chem. A. (Chapter 3, DOI-10.1021/jp407854r), describing various fluorenylidene-malononitrile derivatives. Chemical oxidation of fluorenone-based triarylamines to produce stable radicals was published in Tetrahedron Letters (Chapter 4, DOI-10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.060). Fluorenone derivatives applied as dye sensitized solar cell redox system enhancement additives was described in RSC Advances (Chapter 5, DOI-10.1039/C3RA40986D). Development of new, functionalized, squaraine-based materials was described in J. Phys. Chem. C. (Chapter 6, DOI-10.1021/jp410362d) and was extrapolated for use in single-heterojunction photovoltaic cells having 4.8% maximum power conversion efficiency. The fundamental insights provided by these findings will be valuable for developing new high-performance photovoltaic materials in the future.
Author: Paul J. Homnick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic device efficiency can be obtained by optimizing spectral absorbance and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, increasing solid state exciton/charge mobility, and utilizing p-/n-type nanoarchitecture. Combining all of these properties into a new material presents a considerable synthetic challenge because potential commercial applications require materials that are high-performance and inexpensive. Thus, it is advantageous to design new materials using a versatile, modular synthetic approach that allows each design criterion to be engineered individually, in a synthetically efficient manner. Several strategies were successfully pursued using simple interchangeable electron donor and acceptor components as functional modules, which provided various donor-acceptor chromophores in a synthetically straightforward manner. This approach provided broad functional tunability to the range of materials produced and, as a result, various molecular engineering requirements were systematically addressed. In some cases, these materials were utilized in photovoltaic devices as p-type active layers or redox enhancement additives. In these cases, competitive power conversion efficiencies were obtained or test device performance was considerably enhanced by comparison to control devices. Fluorenone, fluorenylidene-malononitrile, and squaric acid were utilized as electron acceptor modules, and electron donor module strength was varied using a styrene-based and several di- and triarylamine-based components. One strategy, published in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., (Chapter 2, DOI-10.1039/C2CP41813D) is to fix the donor-acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy using the synthetically versatile fluorenone module. Fluorenone was chosen because of its ready availability and synthetic versatility, and its multiple functionalization sites allow for selective FMO engineering. Extrapolation of this approach was published in J. Phys. Chem. A. (Chapter 3, DOI-10.1021/jp407854r), describing various fluorenylidene-malononitrile derivatives. Chemical oxidation of fluorenone-based triarylamines to produce stable radicals was published in Tetrahedron Letters (Chapter 4, DOI-10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.060). Fluorenone derivatives applied as dye sensitized solar cell redox system enhancement additives was described in RSC Advances (Chapter 5, DOI-10.1039/C3RA40986D). Development of new, functionalized, squaraine-based materials was described in J. Phys. Chem. C. (Chapter 6, DOI-10.1021/jp410362d) and was extrapolated for use in single-heterojunction photovoltaic cells having 4.8% maximum power conversion efficiency. The fundamental insights provided by these findings will be valuable for developing new high-performance photovoltaic materials in the future.
Author: Xiaomei Ding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Molecular design and synthesis play critical roles in the development of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This dissertation describes the design, synthesis, and characterization of three classes of organic semiconductors for OPVs: p-type semiconducting polymers, n-type semiconducting polymers, and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors. The relative merits of alternative building blocks and design strategies for organic semiconductors are investigated. Complex factors governing the underlying structure-property-processing-performance relationships are discussed in detail. The fundamentals of organic semiconductors and organic solar cells, state-of-the-art materials and devices, and challenges in the design and synthesis of materials are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses the strategy of selenophene substitution as a potential method to improve photovoltaic performance of the regular thiophene-based p-type semiconducting polymers. New selenophene-containing polymers were synthesized based on a widely used polymer, PBDB-T, where the original thiophene units at various side chain and backbone positions were substituted with selenophene. This study revealed the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions related with selenophene substitution, thus provided important guidelines in designing selenophene-containing polymers. Chapter 3 presents a comparative study of the alternating naphthalene diimide-thiophene copolymer, PNDIT-hd, and naphthalene diimide-selenophene copolymer, PNDIS-hd. The effects of selenophene substitution on the intrinsic and photovoltaic blend properties of n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide-arylene copolymers with simple donor−acceptor architecture were investigated. This study demonstrated multiple advantages of selenophene substitution including enhancing light harvesting, formation of favorable morphology, and reducing charge recombination losses in all-polymer solar cell devices. Towards enhancing the intrinsic stability of small molecule acceptors, novel tridecacyclic ladder structure was designed and realized via Friedlander condensation reactions. The tridecacyclic ladder molecule acceptors (LMAs) described in Chapter 4 combined good solubility with enhanced stabilities and high photovoltaic performance. One of the new LMAs, LTX-4Cl, demonstrated a high PCE of 11.5% with high fill factor of 0.75. This study also unraveled the significant impact of side chains and halogenations on the molecular packing characteristics of the LMAs and the resulted photovoltaic performance. Finally, the results of the above studies are summarized in Chapter 5 and an outlook is given for future development of organic semiconductors and the organic photovoltaic technology.
Author: Liming Ding
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527833668
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 988
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Book Description
Organic Solar Cells A timely and singular resource on the latest advances in organic photovoltaics Organic photovoltaics are gaining widespread attention due to their solution processability, tunable electronic properties, low temperature manufacture, and cheap and light materials. Their wide range of potential applications may result in significant near-term commercialization of the technology. In Organic Solar Cells: Materials Design, Technology and Commercialization, renowned scientist Dr. Liming Ding delivers a comprehensive exploration of organic solar cells, including discussions of their key materials, mechanisms, molecular designs, stability features, and applications. The book presents the most state-of-the-art developments in the field alongside fulsome treatments of the commercialization potential of various organic solar cell technologies. The author also provides: Thorough introductions to fullerene acceptors, polymer donors, and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors Comprehensive explorations of p-type molecular photovoltaic materials and polymer-polymer solar cell materials, devices, and stability Practical discussions of electron donating ladder-type heteroacenes for photovoltaic applications In-depth examinations of chlorinated organic and single-component organic solar cells, as well as the morphological characterization and manipulation of organic solar cells Perfect for materials scientists, organic and solid-state chemists, and solid-state physicists, Organic Solar Cells: Materials Design, Technology and Commercialization will also earn a place in the libraries of surface chemists and physicists and electrical engineers.
Author: Fei Huang
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849739870
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
An international perspective on the latest research in polymer solar cell technology.
Author: Jianquan Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Karl Leo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319283383
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
This volume presents the results of a multi-year research programme funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council), which explains how organic solar cells work. In this new promising photovoltaic technology, carbon-based materials are deposited by low-cost methods onto flexible substrates, thus allowing devices which open completely new applications like transparent coatings for building, solar cells integrated into clothing or packages, and many more. The investigation of organic solar cells is an interdisciplinary topic, covering physics, chemistry and engineering. The different chapters address topics ranging from the synthesis of new organic materials, to the characterization of the elementary processes such as exciton transport and separation, and the principles of highly efficient device design. /div
Author: Andrew R. Leach
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1402062915
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
This book aims to provide an introduction to the major techniques of chemoinformatics. It is the first text written specifically for this field. The first part of the book deals with the representation of 2D and 3D molecular structures, the calculation of molecular descriptors and the construction of mathematical models. The second part describes other important topics including molecular similarity and diversity, the analysis of large data sets, virtual screening, and library design. Simple illustrative examples are used throughout to illustrate key concepts, supplemented with case studies from the literature.
Author: Trevor Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices utilizing organic (carbon-based) semiconductors have maintained research interest due to their potential for inexpensive, non-toxic, flexible, and lightweight solar modules. Numerous organic polymers and small molecules have been investigated for OPV applications, however a focus on maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lab-scale devices has generated many novel active materials that are too complex to be realistically synthesized on a commercial scale. It has become apparent that developing low-cost, scalable, and stable active materials is crucial for the commercialization of OPV devices. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are a well-known family of molecules with established scale up chemistry from their use as colorants and have demonstrated strong performance as low-cost semiconductors in organic electronic devices. However, their potential in solution-processed OPV devices has not been fully realized. In this thesis, a series of materials based on silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) and tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) were synthesized and characterized. Novel molecular designs and OPV device architectures were investigated to further establish the use MPcs as low-cost active materials and to probe new applications. Specifically, the chemical and physical differences of structurally analogous soluble SiPc and SnPc derivatives were examined for the first time. The ability of a SiPc derivative to act as a thermal crosslinker to stabilize active layer morphology while simultaneously contributing to photocurrent generation was also proven. SiPc derivatives were then studied as electron acceptors paired with P3HT and PBDB-T donor polymers, achieving a PCE up to 4.3 %. The results herein establish new potential roles for group 14 MPcs in OPV devices while also demonstrating their synthetic simplicity and versatility. This work also serves as a basis for the wealth of chemical functionalization which remains available for continued optimization of these materials.
Author: Yuhang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039282
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.
