Molecular Engineering of Group 14 Phthalocyanines and Their Role in Organic Photovoltaic Devices PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Molecular Engineering of Group 14 Phthalocyanines and Their Role in Organic Photovoltaic Devices PDF full book. Access full book title Molecular Engineering of Group 14 Phthalocyanines and Their Role in Organic Photovoltaic Devices by Trevor Grant. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Trevor Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices utilizing organic (carbon-based) semiconductors have maintained research interest due to their potential for inexpensive, non-toxic, flexible, and lightweight solar modules. Numerous organic polymers and small molecules have been investigated for OPV applications, however a focus on maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lab-scale devices has generated many novel active materials that are too complex to be realistically synthesized on a commercial scale. It has become apparent that developing low-cost, scalable, and stable active materials is crucial for the commercialization of OPV devices. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are a well-known family of molecules with established scale up chemistry from their use as colorants and have demonstrated strong performance as low-cost semiconductors in organic electronic devices. However, their potential in solution-processed OPV devices has not been fully realized. In this thesis, a series of materials based on silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) and tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) were synthesized and characterized. Novel molecular designs and OPV device architectures were investigated to further establish the use MPcs as low-cost active materials and to probe new applications. Specifically, the chemical and physical differences of structurally analogous soluble SiPc and SnPc derivatives were examined for the first time. The ability of a SiPc derivative to act as a thermal crosslinker to stabilize active layer morphology while simultaneously contributing to photocurrent generation was also proven. SiPc derivatives were then studied as electron acceptors paired with P3HT and PBDB-T donor polymers, achieving a PCE up to 4.3 %. The results herein establish new potential roles for group 14 MPcs in OPV devices while also demonstrating their synthetic simplicity and versatility. This work also serves as a basis for the wealth of chemical functionalization which remains available for continued optimization of these materials.
Author: Trevor Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices utilizing organic (carbon-based) semiconductors have maintained research interest due to their potential for inexpensive, non-toxic, flexible, and lightweight solar modules. Numerous organic polymers and small molecules have been investigated for OPV applications, however a focus on maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lab-scale devices has generated many novel active materials that are too complex to be realistically synthesized on a commercial scale. It has become apparent that developing low-cost, scalable, and stable active materials is crucial for the commercialization of OPV devices. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are a well-known family of molecules with established scale up chemistry from their use as colorants and have demonstrated strong performance as low-cost semiconductors in organic electronic devices. However, their potential in solution-processed OPV devices has not been fully realized. In this thesis, a series of materials based on silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) and tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) were synthesized and characterized. Novel molecular designs and OPV device architectures were investigated to further establish the use MPcs as low-cost active materials and to probe new applications. Specifically, the chemical and physical differences of structurally analogous soluble SiPc and SnPc derivatives were examined for the first time. The ability of a SiPc derivative to act as a thermal crosslinker to stabilize active layer morphology while simultaneously contributing to photocurrent generation was also proven. SiPc derivatives were then studied as electron acceptors paired with P3HT and PBDB-T donor polymers, achieving a PCE up to 4.3 %. The results herein establish new potential roles for group 14 MPcs in OPV devices while also demonstrating their synthetic simplicity and versatility. This work also serves as a basis for the wealth of chemical functionalization which remains available for continued optimization of these materials.
Author: Hasan Raboui
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a family of compounds that constitute a key building block of the organic photovoltaic (OPV) literature. Aside from their desirable optical and electronic properties, we are interested in Pcs because of their proven scalability and stability, unlike most organic semiconductors in literature. Although the Pc chromophores can chelate to almost all elements of the periodic table and conform to varying molecular structures, research in the context of OPVs has been largely concentrated on planar derivatives that chelate to metal centres without axial substituents. This render them molecularly unmodifiable hindering the understanding of structure-property-performance relationships of Pcs in the context of OPVs. In this dissertation, axially-bonding Pc compounds incorporating elements from groups 13, 14, and 15 into their cavities were engineered chemically by axial phenoxylation and by ring-contraction chemistry into tetrabenzotriazacorroles (Tbcs). The functionality of the modified molecules was also assessed in OPVs. Aluminum, silicon, and phosphorus were selected to represent tri-, tetra-, and penta- valent elements respectively. Series of axially-phenoxylated aluminum phthalocyanines (AlPcs) and silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) were synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into OPV devices. These easily prepared derivatives exhibited superior OPV performances in comparison to their baselines as electron acceptors. Tbcs which differ structurally from Pcs with the omission of a single imine nitrogen were unknown in the context of OPVs. This small difference in structure has paramount effects on the optical and electrochemical properties of the chromophore. For example, Tbcs exhibit a unique and desirable dual absorption of blue and red portions of the solar spectrum simultaneously. The first application of any Tbc compound in OPVs, oxy phosphorus tetrabenzotriazacorrole (POTbc) as a prototype, paired with conventional organic semiconductors is reported here. POTbc showed promise as an electron donating material due to its highly charged chromophore. POTbc was then coupled with boron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs) as complementary absorbing donor-acceptor pairs in fullerene-free "black" OPVs. The outdoor stability of POTbc/BsubPc devices were assessed exhibiting on-par stability with their baseline. Further molecular structures of Tbcs, and resulting properties, were enabled through the synthesis of multiple Tbc derivatives chelating to a silicon center (SiTbcs).
Author: Yusuf Yilmaz
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535132555
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Get Book Here
Book Description
Since their initial accidental synthesis and characterization in Scotland in the late 1920s, there has been a strong research focus on the use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as dyes and pigments. In recent years, active research fields have included their use in electrophotography, photovoltaic and solar cells, molecular electronics, Langmuir-Blodgett films, photosensitizers, electrochromic display devices, gas sensors, liquid crystals, low-dimensional conductors, and optical disks. Phthalocyanines possess interesting biological, electronic, optical, catalytic, and structural properties. The main disadvantage is their insolubility in common solvents due to strong intermolecular - interactions. The solubility of phthalocyanines can be increased by various methods such as the formation of anionic and cationic species and both axial and peripheral substitution. Substitution at the nonperipheral and peripheral positions of the benzo moieties usually enhances their solubility in organic solvents. The most important advantage of phthalocyanines compared to porphyrins is that their Q bands lie at longer wavelengths and are considerably more intense. In this book, you will find synthesis and some applications of various phthalocyanine derivatives.
Author: Jianzhuang Jiang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642047513
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Get Book Here
Book Description
Phthalocyanines exhibit intriguing physic-chemical properties that render them important as a class of molecular functional materials. In addition to their tra- tional industrial applications as dyes and pigments, more recently their use as the organic semiconductors, photodynamictherapy medicines, non-linear optical ma- rials, catalysts for the photo oxidation, optical recording materials, and gas sensors attracts great research interests in these tetrapyrrole species. As manifested by the rapidly increasing number of related scienti?c publications in recent years, great progress has been made in the ?eld of advanced phthalocyaninematerials. Tremendous efforts have been paid toward the development of new phtha- cyanine molecular materials as well as toward their applications. Recent emphasis in both academic researches and technical ?eld has been put on the design and synthesis of novel phthalocyanine species, the structure-propertyrelationship, se- assembly properties, molecular electronics and opto-electronics, and dye-sensitized solarcells.Althoughexcellentreviewsandmonographsaboutphthalocyanineswere publishedseveralyearsago, it is time to providea surveyof a numberof newimp- tant developments in this fascinating area of phthalocyanine chemistry. The aim of this book is to bring both the academic and industrial researchers an easy way to the new progress of phthalocyanines made lately in related ?eld.
Author: Karl M Kadish
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814462241
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2271
Get Book Here
Book Description
This is the fourth set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science.Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in chemistry, materials science, physics, biology and medicine. They are the red color in blood (heme) and the green in leaves (chlorophyll); they are also excellent ligands that can coordinate with almost every metal in the Periodic Table. Grounded in natural systems, porphyrins are incredibly versatile and can be modified in many ways; each new modification yields derivatives, demonstrating new chemistry, physics and biology, with a vast array of medicinal and technical applications.As porphyrins are currently employed as platforms for study of theoretical principles and applications in a wide variety of fields, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science represents a timely ongoing series dealing in detail with the synthesis, chemistry, physicochemical and medical properties and applications of polypyrrole macrocycles. Professors Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and Roger Guilard are internationally recognized experts in the research field of porphyrins, each having his own separate area of expertise in the field. Between them, they have published over 1500 peer-reviewed papers and edited more than three dozen books on diverse topics of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. In assembling the new volumes of this unique handbook, they have selected and attracted the very best scientists in each sub-discipline as contributing authors.This handbook will prove to be a modern authoritative treatise on the subject as it is a collection of up-to-date works by world-renowned experts in the field. Complete with hundreds of figures, tables and structural formulas, and thousands of literature citations, all researchers and graduate students in this field will find the Handbook of Porphyrin Science an essential, major reference source for many years to come.
Author: Paul J. Homnick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Get Book Here
Book Description
Dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic device efficiency can be obtained by optimizing spectral absorbance and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, increasing solid state exciton/charge mobility, and utilizing p-/n-type nanoarchitecture. Combining all of these properties into a new material presents a considerable synthetic challenge because potential commercial applications require materials that are high-performance and inexpensive. Thus, it is advantageous to design new materials using a versatile, modular synthetic approach that allows each design criterion to be engineered individually, in a synthetically efficient manner. Several strategies were successfully pursued using simple interchangeable electron donor and acceptor components as functional modules, which provided various donor-acceptor chromophores in a synthetically straightforward manner. This approach provided broad functional tunability to the range of materials produced and, as a result, various molecular engineering requirements were systematically addressed. In some cases, these materials were utilized in photovoltaic devices as p-type active layers or redox enhancement additives. In these cases, competitive power conversion efficiencies were obtained or test device performance was considerably enhanced by comparison to control devices. Fluorenone, fluorenylidene-malononitrile, and squaric acid were utilized as electron acceptor modules, and electron donor module strength was varied using a styrene-based and several di- and triarylamine-based components. One strategy, published in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., (Chapter 2, DOI-10.1039/C2CP41813D) is to fix the donor-acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy using the synthetically versatile fluorenone module. Fluorenone was chosen because of its ready availability and synthetic versatility, and its multiple functionalization sites allow for selective FMO engineering. Extrapolation of this approach was published in J. Phys. Chem. A. (Chapter 3, DOI-10.1021/jp407854r), describing various fluorenylidene-malononitrile derivatives. Chemical oxidation of fluorenone-based triarylamines to produce stable radicals was published in Tetrahedron Letters (Chapter 4, DOI-10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.060). Fluorenone derivatives applied as dye sensitized solar cell redox system enhancement additives was described in RSC Advances (Chapter 5, DOI-10.1039/C3RA40986D). Development of new, functionalized, squaraine-based materials was described in J. Phys. Chem. C. (Chapter 6, DOI-10.1021/jp410362d) and was extrapolated for use in single-heterojunction photovoltaic cells having 4.8% maximum power conversion efficiency. The fundamental insights provided by these findings will be valuable for developing new high-performance photovoltaic materials in the future.
Author: Metin Aydin
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838800409
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Get Book Here
Book Description
The aim of this book is to represent an overview of applications of boron-based materials in the field of material science to biomedicine. This text is a collection of selected research articles and reviews, including recent efforts in several applications of boron-containing materials. All chapters are written by researchers who are active on the frontline. The chapters in this book will be helpful for many students and researchers involved in the field of boron-based material
Author: Sam-Shajing Sun
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351837060
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 916
Get Book Here
Book Description
Recently developed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) show distinct advantages over their inorganic counterparts due to their lighter weight, flexible shape, versatile materials synthesis and device fabrication schemes, and low cost in large-scale industrial production. Although many books currently exist on general concepts of PV and inorganic PV materials and devices, few are available that offer a comprehensive overview of recently fast developing organic and polymeric PV materials and devices. Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, and Devices fills this gap. The book provides an international perspective on the latest research in this rapidly expanding field with contributions from top experts around the world. It presents a unified approach comprising three sections: General Overviews; Mechanisms and Modeling; and Materials and Devices. Discussions include sunlight capture, exciton diffusion and dissociation, interface properties, charge recombination and migration, and a variety of currently developing OPV materials/devices. The book also includes two forewords: one by Nobel Laureate Dr. Alan J. Heeger, and the other by Drs. Aloysius Hepp and Sheila Bailey of NASA Glenn Research Center. Organic Photovoltaics equips students, researchers, and engineers with knowledge of the mechanisms, materials, devices, and applications of OPVs necessary to develop cheaper, lighter, and cleaner renewable energy throughout the coming decades.
Author: Yousuke Ooyama
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813343923
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 597
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book covers a wide range of topics related to functional dyes, from synthesis and functionality to application. Making a survey of recent progress in functional dye chemistry, it provides an opportunity not only to understand the structure-property relationships of a variety of functional dyes but also to know how they are applied in practical use, from electronic devices to biochemical analyses. From classic dyes such as cyanines, squaraines, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and others to the newest functional π-conjugation systems, various types of functional dyes are dealt with extensively in the book, focusing especially on the state of the art and the future. Readers will benefit greatly from the scientific context in which organic dyes and pigments are comprehensively explained on the basis of chemistry.
Author: Karl M Kadish
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981120182X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Get Book Here
Book Description
Volume 45 in the highly successful series Handbook of Porphyrin Science presents three very informative chapters of significant topical interest to researchers in the broad field of porphyrin science. The first chapter (Chapter 215) systematically describes in great detail the many synthetic methods utilized for the preparation of both metal-free and metallo-phthalocyanines. In the second chapter (Chapter 216), new developments in the synthesis, structure, and circular dichroism of chiral porphyrin systems are discussed in depth. The third and final chapter in this volume (Chapter 217) describes up-to-date advances in the use of computational methodology for the design and synthesis of functionally useful tetrapyrroles such as phthalocyanines, porphyrins and 9. The volume concludes with a useful comprehensive index.The overall emphasis of Volume 45 of the Handbook of Porphyrin Science series, centers on synthetic methodology and processes, with a diversion in Chapter 217 to include predictive computational methodology, and in Chapter 216 to address the importance of chirality in tetrapyrrole systems. All three chapters will be of interest to researchers in the field and should provide powerful tools for anyone involved in the chemistry of phthalocyanines, porphyrins and related systems.
