Molecular Beam Studies of Reactions of Protic Gases with Bare and Surfactant-Coated Sulfuric Acid PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Gas-liquid scattering experiments were used to investigate the uptake of HCl and HBr, the evaporation of water, and the hydrolysis of N2O5 in sulfuric acid coated with the soluble surfactants n-butanol and n-hexanol under atmospheric conditions. The experiments show that HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced by butanol and hexanol films, water evaporation is unimpeded, and N2O5 hydrolysis is reduced by twofold. This reduction likely occurs because N2O5 is a large molecule whose transport is impeded by the butyl and hexyl chains covering the acid surface. In contrast, HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced because they are smaller molecules that penetrate through the alkyl chains and dissociate by protonating the OH groups of interfacial butanol and hexanol molecules. The hydrolysis of N2O5 is the most important heterogeneous reaction in the atmosphere governing the depletion of ozone. The results suggest that this hydrolysis is overestimated in regions of the upper troposphere where small organic surfactants are present in high enough concentration to coat the surface of sulfuric acid aerosols.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Gas-liquid scattering experiments were used to investigate the uptake of HCl and HBr, the evaporation of water, and the hydrolysis of N2O5 in sulfuric acid coated with the soluble surfactants n-butanol and n-hexanol under atmospheric conditions. The experiments show that HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced by butanol and hexanol films, water evaporation is unimpeded, and N2O5 hydrolysis is reduced by twofold. This reduction likely occurs because N2O5 is a large molecule whose transport is impeded by the butyl and hexyl chains covering the acid surface. In contrast, HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced because they are smaller molecules that penetrate through the alkyl chains and dissociate by protonating the OH groups of interfacial butanol and hexanol molecules. The hydrolysis of N2O5 is the most important heterogeneous reaction in the atmosphere governing the depletion of ozone. The results suggest that this hydrolysis is overestimated in regions of the upper troposphere where small organic surfactants are present in high enough concentration to coat the surface of sulfuric acid aerosols.
Author: Ruren Xu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444535993
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
The contributors to this book discuss inorganic synthesis reactions, dealing with inorganic synthesis and preparative chemistry under specific conditions. They go on to describe the synthesis, preparation and assembly of six important categories of compounds with wide coverage of distinct synthetic chemistry systems
Author: Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 993
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Book Description
Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
Author: Minghua Zhou
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811064067
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
This volume discusses the theoretical fundamentals and potential applications of the original electro-Fenton (EF) process and its most innovative and promising versions, all of which are classified as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. It consists of 15 chapters that review the latest advances and trends, material selection, reaction and reactor modeling and EF scale-up. It particularly focuses on the applications of EF process in the treatment of toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water and soil, showing highly efficient removal for both lab-scale and pre-pilot setups. Indeed, the EF technology is now mature enough to be brought to market, and this collection of contributions from leading experts in the field constitutes a timely milestone for scientists and engineers.
Author: G. J. Leigh
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849730075
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
Aimed at pre-university and undergraduate students, this volume surveys the current IUPAC nomenclature recommendations in organic, inorganic and macromolecular chemistry.
Author: Christian Bittner
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Regular practice makes perfect - and this is equally true of organic synthesis. Only the numerous and constantly new little tricks and tips make for elegant synthesis. Knowledge of synthesis methods, reactivities, reagents, protective groups and much more is best acquired - and retained - by way of detailed analysis and processing of complex synthesis paths. This workbook allows students to easily test and strengthen their own chemical repertoire by way of sixteen new syntheses, including tricycles, macrolides, terpenes, and alkaloids. It follows the tried-and-tested concept used in the first volume, although each volume can be read independently of the other. It briefly describes all the target molecules and the relevant synthesis tasks, before going on to classify them into smaller sub-problems that may be solved by the reader using tips given in varying detail. In this way, readers can define the degree of difficulty for themselves. The solution section with comments and a comprehensive discussion of the key steps in reaction sequences and their actual application allows a simple check of the student's own strategy. An appendix with references to original syntheses and further literature rounds off the whole. Whether prior to an examination, for preparing seminars or for ideas in looking for synthesis strategies, every organic chemist - practicing and ongoing - will profit from reading this workbook.
Author: Albert F. Carley
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306473937
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Exciting results are still emerging from the many research groups working in this fertile area and the book is an excellent stimulus to researchers at the start of the 21st century."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Orlando J. Rojas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319260154
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Vincent Bulone et al.: Cellulose sources and new understanding of synthesis in plants Thomas Heinze et al.:Cellulose structure and properties Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast, Ute Henniges et al.: Recent developments in cellulose aging (degradation / yellowing / chromophore formation) Sunkyu Park et al.:Cellulose crystallinity Lina Zhang et al.:Gelation and dissolution behavior of cellulose Yoshiyuki Nishio et al.:Cellulose and derivatives in liquid crystals Alessandro Gandini, Naceur Belgacem et al.:The surface and in-depth modification of cellulose fibers Emily D. Cranston et al.:Interfacial properties of cellulose Herbert Sixta, Michael Hummel et al.Cellulose Fibers Regenerated from Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids Qi Zhou et al.:Cellulose-based biocomposites Orlando Rojas et al.:Films of cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils Pedro Fardim et al.:Functional cellulose particles Wadood Hamad et al.:Cellulose Composites
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030351068
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
Author: Ian W. M. Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642317308
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Astrochemistry and Astrobiology is the debut volume in the new series Physical Chemistry in Action. Aimed at both the novice and experienced researcher, this volume outlines the physico-chemical principles which underpin our attempts to understand astrochemistry and predict astrobiology. An introductory chapter includes fundamental aspects of physical chemistry required for understanding the field. Eight further chapters address specific topics, encompassing basic theory and models, up-to-date research and an outlook on future work. The last chapter examines each of the topics again but addressed from a different angle. Written and edited by international experts, this text is accessible for those entering the field of astrochemistry and astrobiology, while it still remains interesting for more experienced researchers.
