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Author: Yigal H. Ehrlich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461548691
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Numerous studies have proven the biological basis of memory formation and have begun to identify the biochemical traces and cellular circuits that are formed by experience, and which participate int the storage of information in the brain, its retention for long durations, and its retrieval upon demand. Cells in the nervous system have the capability of undergoing extremely long-lasting alterations in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and environmental stimulations. The mechanisms underlying this neuronal plasticity are activated by experiential inputs and operate in the process of learning and the formation of memories in the brain. This volume presents research areas which have not been highlighted in the past. In addition to studies on the involement of functional proteins in neuronal adaptation, this volume presents recent developments on the critical roles of bioactive lipids and nucleotides in these processes. In addition to the widely studied role of second messengers, a review of studies on extracellular phosphorylation systems operating on the surface of brain neurons is presented.The first section of the volume presents studies of basic mechanisms operating in a wide range of adaptive processes. The second section presents recent advances in investigations that have demonstrated the clinical implications of this research. These include: state of the art use of transgenic models in studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in familial Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; studies of specific proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including an adapter that binds to the beta-amyloid precurser protein (beta-APP) and the microtubular protein Tau and its membrane-bound counterpart. The advantages of using cell culture models for elucidating the causes of neuronal degeneration and for identifying mechanisms of neuroprotection are also presented among the chapters in the section on clinical implications.
Author: Yigal H. Ehrlich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461548691
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Numerous studies have proven the biological basis of memory formation and have begun to identify the biochemical traces and cellular circuits that are formed by experience, and which participate int the storage of information in the brain, its retention for long durations, and its retrieval upon demand. Cells in the nervous system have the capability of undergoing extremely long-lasting alterations in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and environmental stimulations. The mechanisms underlying this neuronal plasticity are activated by experiential inputs and operate in the process of learning and the formation of memories in the brain. This volume presents research areas which have not been highlighted in the past. In addition to studies on the involement of functional proteins in neuronal adaptation, this volume presents recent developments on the critical roles of bioactive lipids and nucleotides in these processes. In addition to the widely studied role of second messengers, a review of studies on extracellular phosphorylation systems operating on the surface of brain neurons is presented.The first section of the volume presents studies of basic mechanisms operating in a wide range of adaptive processes. The second section presents recent advances in investigations that have demonstrated the clinical implications of this research. These include: state of the art use of transgenic models in studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in familial Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; studies of specific proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including an adapter that binds to the beta-amyloid precurser protein (beta-APP) and the microtubular protein Tau and its membrane-bound counterpart. The advantages of using cell culture models for elucidating the causes of neuronal degeneration and for identifying mechanisms of neuroprotection are also presented among the chapters in the section on clinical implications.
Author: Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420008412
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Author: Paul D. Coleman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780444801043
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498766579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: Stanislav Reinis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461335906
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 598
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Book Description
This book discusses a particular aspect of brain function, that of storage and retrieval of memory of past experience, in terms of neuronal plasticity. In discussing this aspect of brain functions, however, it discusses brain mecha nisms in their wider sense as well. Clearly, the central nervous system is a highly interconnected system from all points of view, and it would not be possible to understand function in terms of only a single event or only a sin gle neurotransmitter. This is true for any biochemical activity that accompanies neuronal functional activity and accompanies behavior. The authors have commendably recognized this complexity, and recognize still more the need to present information in a compact and uniform manner in spite of the tremendous expansion of our knowledge in recent years. It is a somewhat easier task to gather a set of authors and record their results for a multiauthor symposium, but it is a most admirable endeavor for two authors to summarize a field that encompasses subjects such as transmission barri ers, lipids, proteins, energy, hormones, to name a few that this book covers so well in a compact manner, and in such depth as well. Metabolism and func tion cannot really be understood without understanding structural factors, changes in membrane properties, and changes in metabolism.
Author: M. Baudry
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262023597
Category : Neuroplasticity
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
An up-to-date overview of the current status of research on the full scope of synaptic plasticity, including synaptic remodeling in response to damage, long-term depression and long-term potentiation, and learning and memory.Synaptic Plasticity presents an up-to-date overview of the current status of research on the full scope of synaptic plasticity, including synaptic remodeling in response to damage, long-term depression and long-term potentiation, and learning and memory. The contributions are written by leading experts in the field and cover approaches from biochemical, anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and computational levels. They offer hypotheses concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are responsible for the various manifestations of synaptic plasticity and propose models explaining how these cellular events can be linked to the functional and behavioral expressions of these adaptive principles. ContentsIntroduction - Molecular Correlates of Activity-dependent Development and Synaptic Plasticity, S. Hockfield - Molecular Sorting in Neurons, 0. Steward - Molecular and Morphological Responses to Deafferentation in Rodents, C. E. Finch, T. H. McNeill - Forms of Long-term Potentiation Induced by NMDA and Non-NMDA Receptor Activation, T. Teyler, L. Grover - Long-term Potentiation: Biochemical Mechanisms, M. Baudry, G. Lynch - Cerebellar Mechanisms of Long-Term Depression, M. Ito - Long-term Depression: Related Mechanisms in Cerebellum, Neocortex, and Hippocampus, A. Artola, W. Singer - Theory of Synaptic Plasticity in Visual Cortex, N. Intrator, M. F. Bear, L. N. Cooper, M. A. Paradiso - A Theoretical and Experimental Strategy for Realizing a Biologically Based Model of the Hippocampus, T. W. Berger et al - Synaptic Plasticity, Learning, and Memory, S. P. Rose - Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Storage, R. F. Thompson et al
Author: Kenneth Maiese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461502829
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Galen in the 2nd century AD could be considered one of the earliest researchers who attempted to bridge the gap between basic science and clinical medicine. Galen is given initial credit for the recognition that vital organs of the body are exquisitely dependent upon the intact function of the circulatory system. The doctrines of Galenic physiology stated that blood was produced in the liver, flowed to the heart to obtain "vital spirits", and subsequently bathed the brain to gain "animal spirits". The "vital spirits" described by Galen were later disclosed to consist of oxygen. Oxygen was discovered independently by Schiele in Sweden and by Priestly in England. It was named oxygen (acid-former) by Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) of France. Lavoisier made significant medical discoveries concerning oxygen's role in respiration. In animal experiments, Lavoisier and others discovered that anoxia could rapidly lead to death. The initial work by these investigators helped provide direction for modern clinical science and the treatment of disease, especially concerning disorders of the nervous system. Remarkably, our understanding of human disease continues to grow at an exponential rate. At times, the accumulation of knowledge of the cellular components of clinical disease exceeds all prior expectations held just a few years ago, such as evidenced by the recent cloning of the human and mouse genomes. Despite theses advances, both biomedical scientists and clinicians sometimes are at a loss to recognize the crucial link between basic science discovery and the development of therapeutic regiments for clinical disease.
Author: Roberto De Pasquale
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889767590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
Author: A. I. Selverston
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Despite the remarkable advances made in molecular neurobiology over the last ten years, very little progress has been made towards understanding how the brain performs higher functions: cognition, behavior, learning, and memory. One of the greatest challenges facing modern neurobiology, therefore, is the integration of data that comes from disparate levels of analysis. This volume presents the results of the Dahlem conference convened to address these issues. The purpose of the conference was to bring together brain researchers, who approach their work at different conceptual levels, to consider how their results might be synthesized into a more integrated view of how the brain works. To try and accomplish this, two specific examples were chosen: the modulation of neural circuits and the phenomena of long-term potentiation (LTP). Neuromodulation has been studied from the molecular to the behavioral level with dramatic breakthroughs at the circuit level over the last five years. Due to the possibility that it may be the cellular mechanism for certain types of learning and memory, LTP has also been studied at different levels. To assist in understanding LTP and neuromodulation at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and behavioral levels, the background papers written for the meeting are included in this volume. The conference itself was devoted to discussing LTP and neuromodulation from the perspective of each of the different levels, and the results of these discussions are presented in the group reports. Particular emphasis was given to a consideration of how the rapid progress in molecular and cellular neurobiology can be integrated into systems and behavioral neurobiology. Specific suggestions for future research in both areas were discussed thoroughly. This volume presents what is most probably the most authoritative, up-to-date assessment of LTP and neuromodulation currently available. Goal of this Dahlem Workshop: to apply new cellular and molecular concepts to the understanding of plasticity in synapses, cells, local circuits, and defined systems in the mature brain.
Author: D.L. Alkon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475796102
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
I would like first to thank Charles Woody and his organizing committee for arranging the symposium on the "Cellular Mechanisms of Conditioning and Behavioral Plasticity," which was also a satellite meeting of the International Union of Physiological Sciences 30th International Congress. The proceedings of this symposium are represented by the chapters that follow. During the 1970s, Dr. Woody and co-workers were able to carry out a remarkable series of microelectrode studies, both intracellular and extracellular, of cortical nerve cells during conditioning of the eye-blink response to sound in the intact waking cat. He demonstrated enduring changes in excitability and membrane resistance in pericruciate cortical cells during associative conditioning of the eye blink, changes that are facilitated by ACh and cGMP and reinforced by stimulation of the hypothalamus (the latter con firming the original studies of Voronin). These findings have been of considerable im portance in our attempt to understand the conditioning process at the cellular level.
