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Author: Yohannes Bekele Weldegiorgis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In recent years many red light cameras have been installed at signalized intersections along urban arterials. The main reason behind installing cameras is to reduce red light running behavior in an effort to improve intersection safety. At red light camera equipped intersections, if a driver is aware of the presence of the cameras his/her driving behavior is bound to change. This behavioral change however, may be intentional or unintentional. The change in behavior will influence the utilization of yellow intervals resulting in an increased "dilemma zone" which in turn, will affect the capacity (or efficiency) of the intersection operation. Motorist behavior at an intersection equipped with red light camera is a major factor contributing to the safety and operation of the intersection. A motorists' decision whether to pass or stop at the intersection during the yellow signal interval depends on a number of factors, such as speed, geometric characteristics, driver's attitude, to name a few. The decision with respect to the yellow signal can result in red light running or rear end and side collisions. Motorists' behavior at red light camera intersections during exposure with a yellow signal may be seen as a binary decision in which case the two main decisions are either to come to a stop or cross the intersection. In this dissertation, a discrete choice model of the stopping probability is developed using vehicles' actual speed and location from the stop line when the motorist is exposed to the yellow signal. A binary choice model is developed using the probability of stopping to the yellow signal as a function of actual approach speed, distance from intersection, and presence of camera. The existence of the dilemma zone is estimated using dilemma zone plots developed from the probability of stopping vs. distance from stop line during the yellow interval. The dissertation also presents a new approach to calculate the change in capacity resulting from drivers stopping at the intersection during the yellow interval. Using field data from Baltimore, Maryland it is shown that the capacity of camera equipped intersections may be lower than that at intersections without cameras. -- Abstract.
Author: Yohannes Bekele Weldegiorgis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In recent years many red light cameras have been installed at signalized intersections along urban arterials. The main reason behind installing cameras is to reduce red light running behavior in an effort to improve intersection safety. At red light camera equipped intersections, if a driver is aware of the presence of the cameras his/her driving behavior is bound to change. This behavioral change however, may be intentional or unintentional. The change in behavior will influence the utilization of yellow intervals resulting in an increased "dilemma zone" which in turn, will affect the capacity (or efficiency) of the intersection operation. Motorist behavior at an intersection equipped with red light camera is a major factor contributing to the safety and operation of the intersection. A motorists' decision whether to pass or stop at the intersection during the yellow signal interval depends on a number of factors, such as speed, geometric characteristics, driver's attitude, to name a few. The decision with respect to the yellow signal can result in red light running or rear end and side collisions. Motorists' behavior at red light camera intersections during exposure with a yellow signal may be seen as a binary decision in which case the two main decisions are either to come to a stop or cross the intersection. In this dissertation, a discrete choice model of the stopping probability is developed using vehicles' actual speed and location from the stop line when the motorist is exposed to the yellow signal. A binary choice model is developed using the probability of stopping to the yellow signal as a function of actual approach speed, distance from intersection, and presence of camera. The existence of the dilemma zone is estimated using dilemma zone plots developed from the probability of stopping vs. distance from stop line during the yellow interval. The dissertation also presents a new approach to calculate the change in capacity resulting from drivers stopping at the intersection during the yellow interval. Using field data from Baltimore, Maryland it is shown that the capacity of camera equipped intersections may be lower than that at intersections without cameras. -- Abstract.
Author: Yosef Sheffi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motor vehicle drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
Author: Michael P. Dixon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Hugh W. McGee
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309258596
Category : Traffic safety
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 731: Guidelines for Timing Yellow and All-Red Intervals at Signalized Intersections offers guidance for yellow change and all-red clearance intervals at signalized intersections. The guidelines provide a framework that can be easily applied by state and local transportation agencies.
Author: Qiang Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
The performances of intersections and driveway access points are crucial to a road network in terms of efficiency and safety. Driver behavior and traffic flow characteristics at these locations are relatively complex. To better understand these issues and potentially provide guidance to engineers in their designs, a series of studies were performed on the driver behavior and traffic characteristics at intersections and driveway access points based on field experiments or observations. First, a countdown timers study was performed in China about their influences on driver behavior. It was found that the presence of countdown timers may encourage yellow running behavior and late entry into intersections in China. Second, a phase gradient method was proposed for the general application purpose to the studies of driver behavior and traffic characteristics at signalized intersections. A case study on red-light cameras was performed at Knoxville, TN. Third, a study was performed to learn the legal issues and arguments about the usage of red-light cameras for the purpose of generating profits. A variety of engineering measures, mainly dealing with the setting of the traffic signal, which could be potentially used by municipalities or camera vendors to trap red-light runners and thus generating more revenues from the camera system are discussed. Finally, an experiment was conducted to simulate the right-turn issues, which impact the safety and operation efficiency at intersections or driveway access points. Two turn lane geometric parameters, angle-of-turn and tangent, and their influences on driver behavior and traffic flow characteristics were studied.
Author: Sarah Anne McCrea
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motor vehicle drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Red Light Running (RLR) is a safety hazard at signalized intersections in Oregon and throughout the United States. Various methods of mitigating factors contributing to RLR have been implemented but few protect against a conflict when a vehicles runs a red light. Additionally, current prediction algorithms are complicated; there is a need for a simplified method which uses input values that are easily measured at an intersection. This study investigated current RLR countermeasures, specifically red clearance extension systems which extend the red clearance interval when a RLR vehicle is detected with the goal of reducing RLR crashes. A field study was completed which investigated driver behavior at five intersections in Oregon in regards to the development of a red clearance extension system. Specifically, driver behavior in response to the yellow and red indications on the major approach, and the green indication on the minor approach were observed using 149 hours of transcribed video data. Analysis determined RLR rates ranging from 0 to 1.263 RLR vehicles/hour and 5th %ile time to conflict (TTC) times ranging from 2 to 4s. These factors, which are simple to determine, are then used to develop an equation which calculates a red extension time input for a red clearance extension system.
Author: Robert Hilton Wortman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Author: Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. Transportation Research Department
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Author: Rene' Senyo Lord-Attivor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving on highways
Languages : en
Pages : 1030
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Book Description
Priority intersections are intersections controlled by a stop or yield sign. A vehicle at a priority intersection from a minor road makes a choice to either accept or reject an available gap when joining or crossing the main road. Various factors affect the driver's decision to accept or reject a gap at the priority intersection. The characteristics of the driver, vehicle and the intersection itself play major roles in the driver's behavior at the intersection. Factors such as the driver's age, gender, waiting time, intersection delay, and the vehicles' accelerating capability affect the decision to accept or reject a gap. The gap acceptance concept in developed countries (e.g., United States of America) has historically been studied and researched at signalized and unsignalized intersections. However, in developing countries little research has been conducted on this concept or on the driver's behavior, particularly Ghana. Yet traffic analysis software programs built to suit a developed country's condition are often used to analyze intersections in developing countries like Ghana. Ghanaian engineers have yet to develop a gap acceptance model suitable for unsignalized intersections. This research analyzes gaps and driver behavior at unsignalized intersections for both cross (4 leg) intersections and T-intersections for left, right and through moving vehicles from minor roads onto major roads; left turning vehicles from the major roads onto the minor roads are also analyzed. Critical gap values and the most common driver's variable is determined. The results of the critical gaps values found in this research are compared to that of the recommended values from the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The results of the analysis showed critical gaps lower than that of the recommended values from the 2010 HCM. A comparison between the critical gaps determined in this research and the recommended 2010 HCM critical gaps showed lower delays when the critical gaps found in this research were modeled in aaSidra and the Highway Capacity Software (HCS). The Logistics Regression analysis showed that most drivers at priority intersections will accept gaps equal or greater than the critical gap determined in this research. The analysis also showed that pedestrian and hawking activities at intersections are not contributing factors to a driver's decision in accepting a gap. The driver's decision to accept or reject a gap varied between locations. Although the driver's decision to accept or reject a gap varied between locations, the most common factor (variable) that affected a driver's decision to accept or reject a gap was the time spent at the stop sign. -- Abstract.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving simulators
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
The UCF Driving simulator was used to test a proposed pavement-marking design. This marking is placed upstream of signalized intersections to assist the motorists with advance warning concerning the occurrence of the clearance interval. The results of the experiment have indicated promising results for intersection safety. Firstly compared to regular intersections, the pavement marking could results in a 74.3 percent reduction in red-light running. In comparison, the pavement marking reduced the number of occurrences where drivers chose to continue through an intersection when it was not safe to proceed compared to the without marking, and this result is correlated to less red-light running rate with marking. According to survey results, all of the tested subjects gave a positive evaluation of the pavement-marking countermeasure and nobody felt confused or uncomfortable when they made stop-go decision. In comparison between scenarios without marking and with marking, there is no significant difference found in the operation speeds and drivers brake response time, which proved that the marking has no significantly negative effect on driver behaviors at intersections. The UCF driving simulator was also used to test vertical and horizontal visibility blockages. For the horizontal visibility blockage, two sub-scenarios were designed, and the results confirmed that LTVs contribute to the increase of rear-end collisions on the roads. This finding may be contributed to the fact that LTVs cause horizontal visibility blockage. Indeed, the results showed that passenger car drivers behind LTVs are prone to speed more and to keep a small gap with the latter relatively to driving behind passenger cars. From the survey analysis 65% of the subjects said that they drive close to LTVs in real life. As for the vertical visibility blockage, three sub-scenarios were designed in the driving simulator, and the results confirmed that LSVs increase the rate of red light running significantly due to vertical visibility blockage of the traffic signal pole. However, the behavior of the drivers when they drive behind LSVs is not different then their behavior when drive behind passenger cars. The suggested addition of the traffic signal pole on the side of the road significantly decreased the red light running rate. Moreover, 65% of the subjects driving behind an LSV with the proposed additional traffic signal pole said that the traffic signal pole is effective and that it should be applied to real world.
