Modeling Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure PDF Download
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Author: David I. Page
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anaerobic bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: David I. Page
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anaerobic bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Author: Ruixue Xu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Author: Samir Kumar Khanal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119949424
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.
Author: Anna Maria Crolla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes as fuel
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Ontario biogas industry is relatively young and the overall objective of this research was to help support the growth of the industry with investigating the use of co-substrates and reactor design to enhance biogas production, recommend guidelines on the operation of full scale systems to optimize performance and characterize digestate quality. Laboratory studies evaluated the use of various substrates in the co-digestion with liquid dairy manure. These studies were used to establish ultimate biogas yields, % volatile solids (VS) reduction and minimum hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Box-Wilson Central Composite design models for corn thin stillage and waste grease (as co-substrates with dairy manure) suggest methane yields optimize with increasing proportion of the feed VS from co-substrates (constant total VS in all assays) and increasing temperatures; however, temperature had a great effect. Bench scale studies were conducted to determine a change in digester design to optimize biogas yields and increase digestate stability. A two-phase digestion system was implemented for co-digestion systems using thin stillage and waste grease with dairy manure, and methane yields showed to increase by over 22% when compared with single-phase systems. Based on current FIT contracts of 18 to 20?/kWhe, the increased electricity and heat production could make the two-phase system economically attractive for producers. Organic loading rates (OLRs) over 4.4 g VS/L led to digester upset and OLRs of over 4.2 g VS/L·day are not recommended. On-farm anaerobic digester systems were studied for digester performance and digestate quality. Residual biogas potential (RBP) yields were effective at evaluating the stability of digestate and the U.K. PAS 110:2014 limit of 0.45 L biogas/g VS (28 days incubation) was assessed too lenient for the Ontario systems studied. A limit of 0.25 L biogas/g VS after 28 days of incubation or 0.45 L biogas/g VS after 60 days of incubation are recommended. VS reductions ranged from 56 to 76% and easily achieved the O. Reg. 267/03 regulated 50% VS reduction. E.coli and Salmonella were typically 1 to 3 logs CFU/100 mL lower than raw manure and increased HRT did not demonstrate a significant impact on the bacterial log reductions. Intermediate alkalinity (IA)/partial alkalinity (PA) proved to be a valuable tool in determining potential digester upset and has been recommended as a standard performance parameter for on-farm systems.
Author: Mathias Effenberger
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3867276528
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Author: IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1900222787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Author: Hui Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an efficient waste processing option for livestock operations, as it produces renewable energy while reducing the environmental impact of animal waste. However, economic limitations and inefficient operation cause failures and prevent wide adoption of AD technology. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of operational factors and substrate additives on the performance of manure based anaerobic digesters. Results from the first chapter developed a mathematical equation relating density and TS content for both pre-digested and post-digested manure, providing a quick and simple method to estimate TS content. These equations could be used for pump selection, quick assessment for operational purposes, digester impacts, and models. Results from the second study showed that higher mixing speed (700 revolution per min) inhibited the biogas production rate, and longer mixing duration did not lead to higher methane production per unit of VS destroyed. The authors suggest mixing at low speeds in dairy manure ADs to prevents solids settling. The third chapter evaluated the impact of tannins on biogas production. Results shows that dietary tannin inhibited biogas production with increasing tannin additions. Total biogas production was reduced by 22% with 18 g kg-1 dietary tannin, while only 10% reduction resulted from feeding 4.5 g kg-1 dietary tannins. However, adding the same amount of tannin to the manure digester directly did not significantly reduce the biogas production. Results from the last study showed that wood additives did not have impact on methane production, but biochar that made from poplar wood chips reduced the H2S by 78%. Sulfate adsorption experiments suggested that the mechanism of removal was not likely to be sorption of the sulfate ion by biochar before it was converted to H2S by sulfur reducing bacteria. Biochar produced from 400°C and 700°C had no significant difference in adsorption capacity when used to remove H2S post production in the gas phase comparing with commercially available media, but biochars had a more rapid breakthrough time. Removal of H2S by biochar has the potential to reduce operating costs associated with AD systems and the biogas end use technologies.
Author: Rajesh Banu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838818499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Recent advances in technology to recover bioenergy from various feedstocks make them suitable alternatives to fossil fuel. This book contains several scientific discussions regarding microbes involved in biogas production, the anaerobic digestion process, their operation, and application for sustainable development. The book provides in-depth information about anaerobic digestion for researchers and graduate students. The editor sincerely thanks all the contributors, whose efforts have brought this book to fruition.
Author: F. Cecchi
Publisher: IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Author: Michael Schön
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3902719613
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
