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Author: Yee Cheng Loon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bayesian statistical decision theory
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Model uncertainty exists in the mutual fund literature. Researchers employ a variety of models to estimate risk-adjusted return, suggesting a lack of consensus as to which model is correct. Model uncertainty makes it difficult to draw clear inference about mutual fund performance persistence. We explicitly account for model uncertainty by using Bayesian model averaging techniques to estimate a fund's risk-adjusted return. Our approach produces the Bayesian model averaged (BMA) alpha, which is a weighted combination of alphas from individual models. Using BMA alphas, we find evidence of performance persistence in a large sample of US equity, bond and balanced mutual funds. Funds with high BMA alphas subsequently generate higher risk-adjusted returns than funds with low BMA alphas, and the magnitude of out performance is economically and statistically significant. We also find that mutual fund investors respond to the information content of BMA alphas. High BMA alpha funds receive subsequent cash inflows while low BMA alpha funds experience subsequent cash outflows.
Author: Yee Cheng Loon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bayesian statistical decision theory
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Model uncertainty exists in the mutual fund literature. Researchers employ a variety of models to estimate risk-adjusted return, suggesting a lack of consensus as to which model is correct. Model uncertainty makes it difficult to draw clear inference about mutual fund performance persistence. We explicitly account for model uncertainty by using Bayesian model averaging techniques to estimate a fund's risk-adjusted return. Our approach produces the Bayesian model averaged (BMA) alpha, which is a weighted combination of alphas from individual models. Using BMA alphas, we find evidence of performance persistence in a large sample of US equity, bond and balanced mutual funds. Funds with high BMA alphas subsequently generate higher risk-adjusted returns than funds with low BMA alphas, and the magnitude of out performance is economically and statistically significant. We also find that mutual fund investors respond to the information content of BMA alphas. High BMA alpha funds receive subsequent cash inflows while low BMA alpha funds experience subsequent cash outflows.
Author: Robert K. Dixit
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400830176
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products? Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries? In this book, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindyck provide the first detailed exposition of a new theoretical approach to the capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most investment decisions, and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environment in which these decisions are made. In so doing, they answer important questions about investment decisions and the behavior of investment spending. This new approach to investment recognizes the option value of waiting for better (but never complete) information. It exploits an analogy with the theory of options in financial markets, which permits a much richer dynamic framework than was possible with the traditional theory of investment. The authors present the new theory in a clear and systematic way, and consolidate, synthesize, and extend the various strands of research that have come out of the theory. Their book shows the importance of the theory for understanding investment behavior of firms; develops the implications of this theory for industry dynamics and for government policy concerning investment; and shows how the theory can be applied to specific industries and to a wide variety of business problems.
Author: Cornelis A. Los
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
There are three crucial mathematical system concepts in Finance, which are either being confused or misapplied - uncertainty, complexity and rank. First, the concept of epistemic uncertainty is sufficient for modeling and the concept of probability is unnecessary. This is illustrated by Galton's Error, and the under-repesentation of systematic risk by American mutual funds. These funds use simple unidirectional projection (regression) to compute Sharpe's beta for fund selection. There are at least five equivalent ways of representing the measured model uncertainty and a new and an improved risk categorization for mutual funds is presented. Second, the concept of (linear) system complexity is usually dealt with by presuming a model rank, as the Cowles Foundation erroneously prescribed in the early 1950s, and superimposing that model rank on the data, when a model is estimated. But the model rank does not have to be presumed: it can be identified from the data and all corresponding (Grassmanian) coefficients can be computed by CLS Projections. This is illustrated by the identification of the model rank of simple financial risk systems in six Asian countries, in particular in Taiwan. Third, often it is thought that Markowitz' portfolio optimization and exact and complete cash flow accounting are incompatible because of the non-existence, or empirical instability of the information matrix. The problem is caused by the rank constraints imposed by the portfolio accounting identities. But these rank constraints also provide the solution, since they form exact selectors of the portfolio allocations, which are found by simple tensor algebra. This will be illustrated by the optimization of an Asian multi-currency stock investment portfolio.
Author: Donald Eugene Farrar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Capital investments
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: Guerdon T. Ely
Publisher: Xulon Press
ISBN: 1615795979
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
The certainty of uncertainty is as true for managing investments as it is for potty-training toddlers; if you are not careful you could end up with a real mess! This is especially true for anyone responsible, even indirectly, for money belonging to a relative, friend, trust, charity, pension or other entity. Being a fiduciary is a very serious legal obligation but this book makes learning how to be one actually fun! If you ever need to serve as or hire a trustee, executor, or investment advisor for your own money or that of family or friends, you must understand what "fiduciary responsibility" means. Guerdon Ely's book is the fastest, most boredom-free, way to gain that understanding. Natalie B. Choate, Esq., Author, Life and Death Planning for Retirement Benefits An exceptionally entertaining book that uses a unique story telling format to define fiduciaries and explain their duties in terms that are easily understood. Guerdon's simple and concise summarization of the elements of "prudence" alone makes this book worth reading. David O'Leary, Esq., Senior Counsel, Holland & Knight LLP This book is brilliant! Fiduciary responsibility can be very dry reading but the author's use of autobiographical tales makes it an extremely enjoyable process. June Hunt, Retired CFO Superbly written, Ely brings the objective standards of modern prudent fiduciary investing to life. A must read for anyone entrusted with the duties of a fiduciary. Katherine Simmonds, Director of Financial Planning Ely brings a common sense approach to fiduciary investing. I find myself reading his stories to friends and colleagues, not only for the content but also for the humor! CPAs and attorneys must recommend this book to all their clients who are fiduciaries. Glenn Freed, PhD, Vice President, A Major Investment Management Firm Former Accounting Professor, University of Southern California
Author: Francois Trahan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118134095
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Macroeconomic Investment Strategies for an Era of Economic Uncertainty “Over the years, François’ insightful analyses of the business cycle has led to market calls that have both benefitted investors on the upside and (more important to many) protected them from losses on the downside. François’ incredible track record in successfully interpreting the trends that can be found in leading indicators and other macroeconomic data have also led to his well deserved reputation as an expert in sector rotation - providing investors on both the long and short side of the market opportunities to profit from his ideas. In my opinion, his most important and influential macro prediction to date was his call in the middle of the last decade when he predicted that the worst housing crisis in American history would soon be upon us, and that it would have far-ranging implications for both the global economy and world financial markets.”
Author: Cornelis A. Los
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Modern investment theory takes it for granted that a Security Market Line (SML) is as certain as its quot;correspondingquot; Capital Market Line. (CML). However, it can be easily demonstrated that this is not the case. Knightian non-probabilistic, information gap uncertainty exists in the security markets, as the bivariate quot;Galton's Errorquot; and its concomitant information gap proves (Journal of Banking amp; Finance, 23, 1999, 1793-1829). In fact, an SML graph needs (at least) two parallel horizontal beta axes, implying that a particular mean security return corresponds with a limited Knightian uncertainty range of betas, although it does correspond with only one market portfolio risk volatility. This implies that a security' risk premium is uncertain and that a Knightian uncertainty range of SMLs and of fair pricing exists. This paper both updates the empirical evidence and graphically traces the financial market consequences of this model uncertainty for modern investment theory. First, any investment knowledge about the securities risk remains uncertain. Investment valuations carry with them epistemological (quot;modelingquot;) risk in addition to the Markowitz-Sharpe market risk. Second, since idiosyncratic, or firm-specific, risk is limited-uncertain, the real option value of a firm is also limited-uncertain This explains the simultaneous coexistence of different analyst valuations of investment projects, particular firms or industries, included a category quot;undecided.quot; Third, we can now distinguish between quot;buyquot;, quot;sellquot; and quot;holdquot; trading orders based on an empirically determined collection of SMLs, based this Knightian modeling risk. The coexistence of such simultaneous value signals for the same security is necessary for the existence of a market for that security! Without epistemological investment uncertainty, no ongoing markets for securities could exist. In the absence of transaction costs and other inefficiencies, Knightian uncertainty is the necessary energy for market trading, since it creates potential or perceived arbitrage (= trading) opportunities, but it is also necessary for investors to hold securities. Knightian uncertainty provides a possible reason why the SEC can't obtain consensus on what constitutes quot;fair pricing.quot; The paper also shows that Malkiel's recommended CML-based investments are extremely conservative and non-robust.
Author: Robert Lensink
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781782541240
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
This book presents an up-to-date overview of the theory as well as the empirics of the relationship between investment, financial imperfections and uncertainty. After reviewing the capital market imperfections literature and the empirical results, the authors discuss both traditional investment models with uncertainty and the more modern option based models. They present an overview of empirical results of the modelling of investment under uncertainty. In these examples the effects of capital market imperfections on investment are carefully considered. The authors conclude that there is overwhelming empirical support for a negative uncertainty-investment relationship. This book should appeal to academics with an interest in investment theory, professionals in the financial sector and students of macroeconomics and finance. "Investment, Capital Market Imperfections, and Uncertainty" assumes only a basic knowledge of mathematics and is easily accessible.
Author: Eliska A. Pazner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Frank Hespeler
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513563696
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
This note analyzes the stress experienced (and caused) by open-end mutual funds during the March COVID-19 stress episode, with a focus on global fixed-income funds. In light of increased valuation uncertainty, funds experienced a short period of intense withdrawals while the market liquidity of their holdings deteriorated substantially. To cover redemptions, afflicted funds predominantly shed liquid assets first—for example, cash, cash equivalents, and US Treasury securities. But forced asset sales amplified price pressures in markets and contributed to liquidity falling across fixed-income markets. This drop in market liquidity, as well as the general stress in financial markets, may have led to fund investors becoming even more sensitive to challenging portfolio performance and encouraged further withdrawals. Only after central banks intervened, directly and indirectly supporting asset managers, did liquidity and redemption stress subside. Overall, the March episode validated the financial-stability concerns about liquidity vulnerabilities in the fund industry and calls for further action to address them.
