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Author: Hillel Arkin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Author: Hillel Arkin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Author: EUGENE H. WISSLER
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662585962
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
The principal objective of this book is to provide information needed to define human thermal behavior quantitatively. Human thermal physiology is defined using mathematical methods routinely employed by physicists and engineers, but seldom used by physiologists. Major sections of the book are devoted to blood flow, sweating, shivering, heat transfer within the body, and heat and mass transfer from skin and clothing to the environment. Simple algebraic models based on experimental data from a century of physiological investigation are developed for bodily processes. The book offers an invaluable source of information for physiologists and physical scientists interested in quantitative approaches to the fascinating field of human thermoregulation.
Author: Y. Houdas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489903453
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
The physiology of man is a complex subject. Unfortunately the regulation of temperature in the human body is not always well explained in textbooks. Many conference proceedings on the subject have been produced that give excellent detail on research topics. However, the subject matter is rarely presented as a composite whole. New technology has broadened the scope of methods available for studying body temperature. Thermography in particular has made it possible to record in real time the temperature distribution of large areas of the body surface. Modem image processing methods permit dynamic studies to be carried out and detailed analyses made retrospectively-a tremendous advance over the complex and slow techniques formerly used by physiologists. Yet although the associa tion between disease and temperature is as old as medicine itself, beyond the implicit faith in the clinical mercury thermometer, other measuring techniques are finding a slow acceptance. This book is designed to put into perspective the critical factors that make up "body temperature. " Body temperature cannot be viewed as a static entity but rather must be seen as a dynamic process. An understanding of this phenomenon is important to all who use thermal imaging and measuring techniques in clinical medi cine. These methods have, in recent years, brought engineers, physi cists, technicians, and clinicians together. Inevitably, however, there v vi Preface are gaps and overlaps in technology and understanding.
Author: Elias Ghadam Soltani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this study, a computational model of the human thermoregulatory system is developed to predict the temperature distribution within tissues, on the skin and the arterial net- work. It is based on an anatomically accurate whole human body geometry comprising various tissue structures, organs and its vascular network. The governing equations that couple energy transfer between the blood and surrounding tissues were implemented in OpenCMISS, an open-source computational library that provides an environment to utilise the nite element method (among other specialised numerical methods) to solve partial di erential equations in complex bioengineering problems. Moreover, an open standard framework built using the XML mark-up language known as CellML was used to impose appropriate regulatory or control actions and update heat transfer mechanisms accordingly. The framework was also used to prescribe di erent types of boundary conditions as it is primarily used to solve di erential-algebraic equations. An extensive literature review is included in this thesis to provide an overview of the existing mathematical models used for studying the thermoregulation of the human body. The review covers the strengths, limitations and scope of ap- plications of these models. The computational model was formulated by coupling the bioheat equation describing the di usion of heat in three-dimensional tissue structures with the energy equation that is responsible for advection and di usion of heat along the one-dimensional blood ow in the arterial network. It can simulate the heat exchange between the body surface and surrounding environment due to conduction, convection, radiation and evapora- tive cooling or moisture transfer. Furthermore, it is capable of simulating blood ow under di erent conditions which is essential for evaluating heat exchange between the blood and surrounding tissues. This functionality of the model allows us to investigate how physiological conditions in the arterial network in uence the human thermal system and a ect its performance. Functionally the model is organised into two subsystems. The passive subsystem pri- marily deals with various modes of heat transport within tissues, between tissues and blood (arterial system and perfusion) and between the body and the surrounding en- vironment. The governing equations that mathematically describe the passive subsys- tem are based on the laws of conservation. The active subsystem, on the other hand, prescribes physiological phenomena in the body, namely, shivering, sweating, vasodila- tion and vasoconstriction and facilitates maintaining the body core temperature. These physiological activities are based on empirical formulations from previous studies. The blood ow and heat transfer included in the passive system was simulated using OpenCMISS and the active system was implemented by using CellML capabilities that enable to input controlling parameters and prescribe and update the boundary conditions to OpenCMISS (passive system). The model results were veri ed against closed-form so- lutions obtained for topologically simple domains and validated against published exper- imental data acquired under controlled conditions. In the latter case, a reasonably good agreement was seen between the model predictions and experimental observations. The structure of the model allows for investigation of the thermoregulatory responses of the human body under a multitude of ambient environmental conditions. Further- more, it would be possible to investigate temperature distribution in the vital organs and skin that can be used to diagnose heat-related conditions and make informed de- cisions to plan suitable treatments. The models capability of simulating the human thermoregulatory system with the abil- ity to obtain realistic skin and internal temperature distribution was demonstrated by considering a number of exposure scenarios. These included neutral condition, high and low temperatures. In all cases, local skin temperature distributions were eval- uated. The e ect of body shape and distribution of the thermophysical properties were also investigated. An important aspect of the current model development is that an open-source code and libraries were used in this thesis research. As such, any contribution made through this study allows other researchers to modify, improve and extend the model for other applications.
Author: Devashish Shrivastava
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119127300
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 897
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Book Description
An authoritative guide to theory and applications of heat transfer in humans Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans 2V Set offers a reference to the field of heating and cooling of tissue, and associated damage. The author—a noted expert in the field—presents, in this book, the fundamental physics and physiology related to the field, along with some of the recent applications, all in one place, in such a way as to enable and enrich both beginner and advanced readers. The book provides a basic framework that can be used to obtain ‘decent’ estimates of tissue temperatures for various applications involving tissue heating and/or cooling, and also presents ways to further develop more complex methods, if needed, to obtain more accurate results. The book is arranged in three sections: The first section, named ‘Physics’, presents fundamental mathematical frameworks that can be used as is or combined together forming more complex tools to determine tissue temperatures; the second section, named ‘Physiology’, presents ideas and data that provide the basis for the physiological assumptions needed to develop successful mathematical tools; and finally, the third section, named ‘Applications’, presents examples of how the marriage of the first two sections are used to solve problems of today and tomorrow. This important text is the vital resource that: Offers a reference book in the field of heating and cooling of tissue, and associated damage. Provides a comprehensive theoretical and experimental basis with biomedical applications Shows how to develop and implement both, simple and complex mathematical models to predict tissue temperatures Includes simple examples and results so readers can use those results directly or adapt them for their applications Designed for students, engineers, and other professionals, a comprehensive text to the field of heating and cooling of tissue that includes proven theories with applications. The author reveals how to develop simple and complex mathematical models, to predict tissue heating and/or cooling, and associated damage.
Author: Textile Institute (Manchester, England)
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Book Description
The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area. The first section summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. Part two analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modelling simulations. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials is an essential reference for all those involved in the textile industry, especially those concerned with the design and manufacture of technical textiles and protective clothing. Summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials Discusses the fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics Analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles
Author: Rajkishore Nayak
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 008100950X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Manikins for Textile Evaluation is a key resource for all those engaged in textile and apparel development and production, and for academics engaged in research into textile science and technology. Creating garments that work with the human form, both stationary and in motion, is a complex task that requires extensive testing and evaluation. Manikins allow for performance testing of textiles in a safe, controlled, and appropriate environment, and are a key element in developing new textile products. Everyday apparel needs to be assessed for comfort, sizing and fit, and ergonomics, while technical and protective garments require extensive safety and performance testing. Manikins therefore range from simple representations of the human body to complex designs that simulate body temperature, sweating, and motion. Manikins are safe for use in hazardous testing environments, such as fire and flame protection, where wearer trials would be impossible. This book provides extensive coverage of manikin-based evaluation of protective, heat and flame resistant, medical, and automotive textile applications. The role of manikins in the development of day-to-day garments is also discussed, including fit, comfort, and ergonomics. The book is a key resource for all those engaged in textile and apparel development and production, and for academics engaged in research into textile science and technology. Delivers theoretical and practical guidance on evaluation using manikins that is of benefit to anyone developing textile products Offers a range of perspectives on high-performance textiles from an international team of authors with diverse expertise in academic research, and textile development and manufacture Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the topic from fabric construction, through product development, to the range of current and potential applications that exploit high-performance textile technology
Author: Stewart Richards
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489927891
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
MANY aspects of physiology are best understood in terms of bodily reactions to environmental stress, and temperature is one of the most often encountered stress factors in the environment. The responses to temperature can involve practically all of the organ systems of the body and it is for this reason that the study of the regulation of body temperatures represents one of the finest examples of complex reaction integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems, and hence of the principles of biological control. Thus, while thermoregulation offers an abundance of opportunities for the individual who likes to specialize in depth, it is an ideal type of physiology for those who prefer to think of the functioning of the body as whole. This book is written primarily for the undergraduate, but I hope also that some students may find time to read it, before embarking on a university course, as an introduction to some of the ideas that will be encountered in the more detailed study of the biological sciences, including medicine. I have tried to discuss the evidence for important ideas, since this is fundamental to the scientific method, and have been particularly concerned to avoid the use of the sort of technical jargon that gives a spurious impression of authority while in reality creating confusion out of what is in essence simple.
Author: Ewa Grodzinsky
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030218864
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book covers several areas, such as immunology, infectious diseases, physiology, general nursing, and medicine as well as measurement accuracy and the history of our understanding of fever. This book employs an interdisciplinary approach to exploring our concept of body temperature and specifically fever. The present volume revolves around thermometry, taking the reader on a journey from the past to the present. Yet while the emphasis is on the clinical importance of obtaining accurate, quantitative measurements of body temperature, the reader is also introduced to the most recent clinical work on the subject. This book represents a truly cross-disciplinary collaboration, using evidence-based practice to integrate physiological and immunological knowledge. The authors’ intention with this volume is to help readers gain better insight into the importance of using knowledge from different disciplines to develop an appreciation of the different aspects of body temperature. In addition, the reader will come to understand the concept of fever in a broader perspective than is traditionally adopted.
Author: Jennifer Jane Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
A model of the human body's regulation of skin temperature for changes in room temperature was developed using the Semi Empirical Technique (SET). Previous models of the thermoregulatory system had either been developed using the fundamental principles of heat transfer or were empirical in nature. The theoretical models were limited in their ability to completely describe the complicated system and all its interactions. The empirical models were limited by the amount of data they were developed from. The SET technique brought together the advantages of the theoretical and empirical models. By balancing the understanding gained from theory with the inherent information gained from data the SET model does not suffer the limitations of either of the previous techniques.
