Mineral Scaling in Geothermal Two-Phase Pipelines PDF Download
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Author: Jansell Jamero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal power plants
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Mineral scaling is common in geothermal power facilities. This scale deposition is usually caused by changes in the geothermal fluid temperature or composition. Precipitation of these minerals can limit fluid flow within the pipelines reducing plant efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. A layer of scaling is commonly found in most parts of the geothermal power production facilities. However, significant amounts of deposited mineral scales (mainly silica) are usually observed in the pipelines and vessels that handle super-saturated brines. This work focuses on a less common scaling in geothermal two-phase pipelines, when fluids are usually high in temperature and under-saturated with respect to amorphous silica. This is mainly caused by fluid mixing at the two-phase pipelines, when several wells share the same pipeline to transport the fluid to the downstream facility. Two case studies are discussed in this work reporting mineral scaling due to the mixing of incompatible geothermal fluids within the two-phase headers. The first case tackles the silica deposition caused by the mixing of a steam-dominated well fluid with fluid from two water-dominated wells. The scale deposition is caused by the small amount of brine entrained in the steam-dominated well fluid which reacts upon mixing with the other water-dominated well fluids, causing massive localised scaling at the mixing points. The second case investigates iron mineral and silica deposition caused by the mixing of a low-pH, high-silica fluid with a neutral-pH fluid. Header blockage result in the increase in well head pressures causing production from some wells to collapse, at the same time decreasing the flow of geothermal fluids to the separators. The scaling requires regular cleaning to return the pipelines to full flow capacity. Recommendations are given for each case, for possible site implementation.
Author: Jansell Jamero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal power plants
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Mineral scaling is common in geothermal power facilities. This scale deposition is usually caused by changes in the geothermal fluid temperature or composition. Precipitation of these minerals can limit fluid flow within the pipelines reducing plant efficiency and increasing maintenance costs. A layer of scaling is commonly found in most parts of the geothermal power production facilities. However, significant amounts of deposited mineral scales (mainly silica) are usually observed in the pipelines and vessels that handle super-saturated brines. This work focuses on a less common scaling in geothermal two-phase pipelines, when fluids are usually high in temperature and under-saturated with respect to amorphous silica. This is mainly caused by fluid mixing at the two-phase pipelines, when several wells share the same pipeline to transport the fluid to the downstream facility. Two case studies are discussed in this work reporting mineral scaling due to the mixing of incompatible geothermal fluids within the two-phase headers. The first case tackles the silica deposition caused by the mixing of a steam-dominated well fluid with fluid from two water-dominated wells. The scale deposition is caused by the small amount of brine entrained in the steam-dominated well fluid which reacts upon mixing with the other water-dominated well fluids, causing massive localised scaling at the mixing points. The second case investigates iron mineral and silica deposition caused by the mixing of a low-pH, high-silica fluid with a neutral-pH fluid. Header blockage result in the increase in well head pressures causing production from some wells to collapse, at the same time decreasing the flow of geothermal fluids to the separators. The scaling requires regular cleaning to return the pipelines to full flow capacity. Recommendations are given for each case, for possible site implementation.
Author: N. Andritsos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Zahid Amjad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012823086X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 858
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Book Description
Water-Formed Deposits: Fundamentals and Mitigation Strategies wholly presents the important issue of deposits in aqueous systems, both industrial and biological. By analyzing causes, mechanisms and mitigation strategies, the book helps researchers/engineers/end-users gain a fundamental understanding of the issues underlying deposit formation and mitigation. It covers numerous, fundamental aspects of water-formed deposits, while also giving an applications' perspective. The book's goal is to assist the reader in his/her understanding of the important issues of scale formation, while also helping with potential solutions. - Provides a fundamental understanding of deposit formation by presenting basic science and mechanisms - Presents an "applications perspective - Reveals a systematic overview of deposit-related challenges and their mitigation - Correlates structure to performance in mitigation strategies - Analyzes current legal aspects and regulations - Includes case studies from the "real industrial world for the industrial reader/end user
Author: Sadiq J. Zarrouk
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128149477
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
Geothermal Well Test Analysis: Fundamentals, Applications and Advanced Techniques provides a comprehensive review of the geothermal pressure transient analysis methodology and its similarities and differences with petroleum and groundwater well test analysis. Also discussed are the different tests undertaken in geothermal wells during completion testing, output/production testing, and the interpretation of data. In addition, the book focuses on pressure transient analysis by numerical simulation and inverse methods, also covering the familiar pressure derivative plot. Finally, non-standard geothermal pressure transient behaviors are analyzed and interpreted by numerical techniques for cases beyond the limit of existing analytical techniques. Provides a guide on the analysis of well test data in geothermal wells, including pressure transient analysis, completion testing and output testing Presents practical information on how to avoid common issues with data collection in geothermal wells Uses SI units, converting existing equations and models found in literature to this unit system instead of oilfield units
Author: Arnold Watson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146148569X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
This book explains the engineering required to bring geothermal resources into use. The book covers specifically engineering aspects that are unique to geothermal engineering, such as measurements in wells and their interpretation, transport of near-boiling water through long pipelines, turbines driven by fluids other than steam, and project economics. The explanations are reinforced by drawing comparisons with other energy industries.
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443190682
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 3 titled Greenhouse Gases Storage and Transportation investigates in detail the methods of storage and transportation, their current status, novel strategies, and the conventional challenges. The book consists of four sections, the first three of which include various strategies employed in the storage and transportation of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Each section addresses recent advances, new concepts, and the economic assessment of storage and transportation facilities. Section 4 surveys the challenges that storage and transportation of GHGs may face and delves into the major problems of the pipelines that are employed for the transportation of the materials - Introduces different technologies for carbon storage and transportation - Describes various methane storage and transportation technologies - Discusses challenges of GHGs' transportation
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
One of the main objectives of the DOE Geothermal Program is to improve the efficiency and reliability of geothermal operations so that this renewable form of energy can be integrated into the nation's energy system. Scale formation and other chemical problems associated with energy extraction from high temperature brines frequently inhibit the economical utilization of geothermal resources. In some cases, these chemical problems can be so severe that development of a site must be abandoned after considerable capital investment. The goal of our research efforts is to construct an accurate computer model for describing the chemical behavior of geothermal brines under a wide range of operating conditions. This technology will provide industry a cost-effective means of identifying scaling problems in production and reinjection wells as well as in surface equipment, and also devising and testing methods for well as other uses described in table (1) can contribute significantly to meeting the objectives of the Geothermal Program. The chemical model we have developed to date can simulate calcium carbonate scale formation and gas solubilities in concentrated brines containing sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and sulfate ions as a function of temperature to 250 C and for variable partial pressure of CO2. It can predict the solubility of other scale-forming minerals, such as amorphous silica, gypsum-anhydrite, halite and glasserite, as a function of brine composition to 250 C. The only required input for the model is the temperature, pressure and composition of the brine. Our modeling approach is based on semi-empirical thermodynamic descriptions of aqueous solutions. The model equations are parameterized by careful comparison to a variety of laboratory data. The ability of the resulting models to accurately predict the chemical behavior of even very concentrated high temperature brines is well demonstrated. This ability is an unusual feature of our models which is vital for applications to many important geothermal systems, such as those found in the Imperial Valley of California. In this report, the use of the present version of our model will be illustrated by an application to the prediction of the onset of two phase flow (breakout) in a brine confined by an external pressure. Calculations of this kind are important in assessing the production potential of a geothermal resource because the initiation of breakout in a well bore or power plant is usually simultaneous with the appearance of massive scale deposition. It is therefore necessary to predict breakout and also to assess the consequences of breakout in designing more efficient energy extraction processes. For the geothermal brine for which we have reliable composition and breakout data (East Mesa in California), the model gives results which are essentially identical to the measured values. Calculations also illustrate the importance of contributions of dissolved gases to the total pressure of the brines. Applications to other scale formation problems in Dixie Valley geothermal brines will also be discussed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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Book Description
Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Bakersfield District
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal leases
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geothermal resources
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
