Microsatellite DNA Analysis and Run Timing of Chinook Salmon in the White River, Puyallup Basin PDF Download
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Author: James B. Shaklee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Author: James B. Shaklee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Author: Robert N. Begich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Significant genetic variation exists among populations of Chinook salmon from Kenai River drainage. Recent analyses using microsatellite markers confirm the results of the earlier studies which detected differences between early- and late-run Chinook salmon based on allozyme and mitochondrial DNA markers. This report presents the results of a survey of 13 microsatellite loci (from a standardized set used by the Pacific Salmon Commission Chinook Technical Committee) in 977 individual fish representing nine Chinook salmon populations in the drainage. Average genotyping failure rate was approximately 4.5%, with the majority of failures in the Slikok Creek collection (success rate ~ 35.9%) where samples mainly came from carcass sampling. Estimates of per-locus FST ranged from 0.019 to 0.045 suggesting a level of divergence among collections that should be useful for management applications. The populations in the baseline could be separated into four groups based on geographic, behavioral, and genetic characteristics: Lower Kenai River tributaries, Kenai River mainstem, Killey River, and Quartz Creek. Simulation results indicate that contributions from these groups can be detected in fishery harvests with a high degree of precision and accuracy (mean correct allocation = 96.7%).
Author: Lisa Wishard Seeb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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This report serves as a first-year summary of progress of a contract study intended to document the timing and origins of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, stocks in the Copper River and adjacent ocean fisheries using DNA markers. The project is intended to investigate the genetic structure of chinook salmon from the Copper River drainage using both microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identification of genetic stocks of chinook salmon within the Copper River drainage and knowledge of their run timing and migration patterns will provide valuable information to optimize management and provide for sustainable fisheries. The first objective of this contract study is to develop a DNA database to delineate major geographic and temporal stocks of chinook salmon within the Copper River. This objective requires collection of tissue samples as well as the laboratory DNA analyses of those tissues. A second objective is to investigate run timing and entry patterns within the Copper River through the analysis of radio-tagged and fishwheel samples from Baird Canyon. A third objective is to characterize the timing of Copper River stocks in the ocean fisheries and estimate the contribution to this fishery by stocks of non-Copper River origin. Finally, these data will be standardized and contributed to a coastwide DNA database so that Copper River chinook salmon can be tracked throughout their marine migration. This report reviews the first year of the study which concentrated on objective 1.
Author: Kathleen Gallen O'Malley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
The genetic basis of adaptation is complex as many fitness-related traits are quantitative and likely influenced by multiple genes with variable effects across different selective environments. One important adaptation for anadromous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the time at which individuals return to natal breeding sites within a reproductive season. Here, I tested for adaptive genetic differentiation among temporally divergent migratory runs using candidate loci. First, I isolated and characterized two copies of the circadian rhythm gene, Clock, from Chinook salmon (OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these copies likely arose subsequent to the salmonid genome-wide duplication event. Each copy contains a polyglutamine repeat motif (PolyQ), an essential binding domain of this transcription factor. However, a 1200bp non-coding segment, showing >90% sequence identity to the Salmo salar Transferrin gene, is located downstream of the OtsClock1a PolyQ, yet absent from OtsClock1b providing evidence for nonhomologous recombination. Another candidate, Ots515NWFSC, shows sequence identity to three salmonid genes central to reproductive development: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, CYP19b-I, and Ghrelin. I employed OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC to test for differentiation in two unique systems: Feather River, California; and Waitaki and Poulter Rivers, New Zealand. Based on length variation in these candidate genes, Feather River fall and spring run Chinook salmon are genetically differentiated. In contrast, these seasonal runs are genetically indistinguishable based on neutral microsatellite loci. Correspondingly, temporally divergent Chinook salmon runs in the Waitaki and Poulter Rivers show greater differentiation based on variation in OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC than microsatellite loci. Tests for selective neutrality indicate that OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC are likely under selection in both systems. In addition, I found evidence for a latitudinal cline in two OtsClock1b PolyQ alleles among 42 Chinook salmon runs which is likely maintained by selection and thus may reflect an adaptation to photoperiodic parameters. Lastly, a hierarchical gene diversity analysis of OtsClock1b PolyQ variation revealed that run timing explained 43.7% of the overall genetic variance which contrast sharply with the 8.1% calculated for microsatellite loci. Evidence presented here suggests that OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC may influence migration timing of Chinook salmon.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309176204
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
The importance of salmon to the Pacific Northwestâ€"economic, recreational, symbolicâ€"is enormous. Generations ago, salmon were abundant from central California through Idaho, Oregon, and Washington to British Columbia and Alaska. Now they have disappeared from about 40 percent of their historical range. The decline in salmon numbers has been lamented for at least 100 years, but the issue has become more widespread and acute recently. The Endangered Species Act has been invoked, federal laws have been passed, and lawsuits have been filed. More than $1 billion has been spent to improve salmon runsâ€"and still the populations decline. In this new volume a committee with diverse expertise explores the complications and conflicts surrounding the salmon problemâ€"starting with available data on the status of salmon populations and an illustrative case study from Washington state's Willapa Bay. The book offers specific recommendations for salmon rehabilitation that take into account the key role played by genetic variability in salmon survival and the urgent need for habitat protection and management of fishing. The committee presents a comprehensive discussion of the salmon problem, with a wealth of informative graphs and charts and the right amount of historical perspective to clarify today's issues, including: Salmon biology and geographyâ€"their life's journey from fresh waters to the sea and back again to spawn, and their interaction with ecosystems along the way. The impacts of human activitiesâ€"grazing, damming, timber, agriculture, and population and economic growth. Included is a case study of Washington state's Elwha River dam removal project. Values, attitudes, and the conflicting desires for short-term economic gain and long-term environmental health. The committee traces the roots of the salmon problem to the extractive philosophy characterizing management of land and water in the West. The impact of hatcheries, which were introduced to build fish stocks but which have actually harmed the genetic variability that wild stocks need to survive. This book offers something for everyone with an interest in the salmon issueâ€"policymakers and regulators in the United States and Canada; environmental scientists; environmental advocates; natural resource managers; commercial, tribal, and recreational fishers; and concerned residents of the Pacific Northwest.
![Biological Opinion [that Address the Potential Effects on Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon from the Bureau of Reclamation's Proposed Los Vaqueros Project] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ZBo-3fXqx-YC?fife=w80-h100)
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Carl J. Walters
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691214638
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Quantitative modeling methods have become a central tool in the management of harvested fish populations. This book examines how these modeling methods work, why they sometimes fail, and how they might be improved by incorporating larger ecological interactions. Fisheries Ecology and Management provides a broad introduction to the concepts and quantitative models needed to successfully manage fisheries. Walters and Martell develop models that account for key ecological dynamics such as trophic interactions, food webs, multi-species dynamics, risk-avoidance behavior, habitat selection and density-dependence. They treat fisheries policy development as a two-stage process, first identifying strategies for varying harvest in relation to changes in abundance, then finding ways to implement such strategies in terms of monitoring and regulatory procedures. This book provides a general framework for developing assessment models in terms of state-observation dynamics hypotheses, and points out that most fisheries assessment failures have been due to inappropriate observation model hypotheses rather than faulty models for ecological dynamics. Intended as a text in upper division and graduate classes on fisheries assessment and management, this useful guide will also be widely read by ecologists and fisheries scientists.
Author:
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 860
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Book Description
The Handbook provides internal guidance and establishes national policy for conducting consultation and conferences pursuant to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The purpose of the Handbook is to promote efficiency and nationwide consistency within and between the Services. The Handbook addresses the major consultation processes, including informal, formal, emergency, and special consultations, and conferences.
Author: M. W. Hardisty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oncorhynchus
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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