Microemulsions Enhanced Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contaminated Soil Using Composting Technology PDF Download
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Author: Siu Yi Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioremediation
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Author: Siu Yi Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioremediation
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Author: Tahseen A. S. Sayara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Bezza Fisseha Andualem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioremediation
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a diverse class of toxicants that are ubiquitously and persistently present in the environment. These compounds present a risk for human health and the environment, as they are mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens. Bioremediation has shown promise as a potentially effective and low-cost treatment option, but concerns about the slow process rate and bioavailability limitations have hampered more widespread use of this technology. In the fundamental work of this thesis a series of experiments was designed utilizing the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBP5, LBP9 and CB1. Specifically, these experiments were designed to determine if the presence of various levels of partially purified biosurfactants produced by the isolates, would affect the degradation of a range of PAHs. The biodegradation and biotransformation of PAHs were studied in three bioremedial systems: soil slurry, liquid culture experiments with enriched consortium on PAHs from petroleum contaminated sites and Bioslurry reactor study with autochthonous consortium. Biosurfactant-producing and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms were isolated from petroleum-contaminated crane service station soil and creosote contaminated wood treatment plant soils in Pretoria area. Bacterial isolates LBP9 and LBP5 isolated from crane service station soil and isolates CB1, CN2, CN3, CN5 isolated from creosote contaminated soil were found to be the most efficient biosurfactant producing strains. The biosurfactant produced by the strains LBP9, LBP5 and CB1 were extracted and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Evaluation of the ability of the LBP9 biosurfactant for applications in enhancing biodegradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a consortium of bacteria indicated that the biosurfactant was able to enhance the removal of significant amount of PAHs from the liquid culture medium at different concentrations. In this study at 400 mg/L amendment of lipopeptide the solubility of Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene was increased to 19.4, 33 and 45.4 times their aqueous solubility, respectively, and the extent of substrate utilization rate of the PAHs was enhanced up to 3 fold in the sole substrate microcosms. A second goal of these experiments was to discern the efficacy of exogenous lipopeptide application and stimulation of in situ biosurfactant production through biostimulation / nutrient amendments in the removing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from creosote PAH contaminated soil. This work also suggests that it may be more practical to stimulate indigenous biosurfactant production within a soil than to add pre-purified compound. In general, the results presented in the studies show the potential of biosurfactants in assisting the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated environmental media in a reasonable timeframe.
Author: Václav Sasek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401001316
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
Traditional reliance on chemical analysis to understand the direction and extent of treatment in a bioremediation process has been found to be inadequate. Whereas the goal of bioremediation is toxicity reduction, few direct, reliable measures of this process are as yet available. Another area of intense discussion is the assessment of market forces contributing to the acceptability of bioremediation. Finally, another important component is a series of lectures and lively exchanges devoted to practical applications of different bioremediation technologies. The range of subjects covers a wide spectrum, encompassing emerging technologies as well as actual, full-scale operations. Examples discussed include landfarming, biopiling, composting, phytoremediation and mycoremediation. Each technology is explored for its utility and capability to provide desired treatment goals. Advantages and limitations of each technology are discussed. The concept of natural attenuation is also critically evaluated since in some cases where time to remediation is not a significant factor, it may be an alternative to active bioremediation operations.
Author: Gloria Soberón-Chávez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889741443
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Author: Aderonke Adenuga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author: Wei-Chih Tang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Author: Abdullah Noorlidah
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659710261
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
The necessity to find sound solutions for soil pollution is intensifying due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' (PAH) toxicity and hydrophobic nature. Most reported work utilised single treatment approach but combination of multiple techniques in bioremediation is scarce. This book presents a vermitechnology study on development of an innovative tri-layer treatment for PAHs contaminated soil. The treatment therefore, provides a new insight of an environmentally sound approach particularly for on-site solution. The analysis should help shed some light on this integrative solution and should be especially useful to professionals in Environmental Science and Engineering fields, or everyone else who may be considering bioremediation techniques.
Author: Nadine Loick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
Author: Itumeleng Phyllis Molobela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Numerous classes and types of chemicals, which contaminate soil, complicate the removal of many toxic compounds from the environment. For example, many soils are contaminated with one or more metals, radioactive and inorganic compounds. Large areas are polluted with recalcitrant organic substances that pose environmental problems due to their toxicity and tendency to disperse through wind and water errosion. Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants found in soil at wood preservation plants and gasworks. PAHs are chemical compounds that persist in the environment and thus cause pollution worldwide. Their persistence in the environment is due to their low water solubility. The major source of PAHs is from the combustion of organic material such as coal, tar, wood and rubber. PAHs have been detected in a wide variety of environmental samples including air, soil, sediments, water, oils, tars and foodstuff. Most people are exposed to PAHs when they breathe smoke, autoemissions or industrial fumes. Because PAHs are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans and animals, their elimination from the environment is of paramount importance. The estimated costs for the clean up of PAHs contaminated sites with conventional techniques such as incineration and landfilling are enormous. The search for alternative methods to restore polluted sites in a less expensive, less labour intensive, safe and environmentally friendly way is required. Such an alternative method is rhizoremediation, which is defined as the use of plants in association with microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants such as PAHs. Microbial communities exposed to hydrocarbons become adapted, exhibiting selective enrichment and genetic changes resulting in an increased proportion of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and bacteria plasmid encoding hydrocarbon catabolic genes. Adapted microbial communities have higher proportions of hydrocarbon degraders that can respond to the presence of hydrocarbon pollutants. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Elusine coracana, Biddens pilosa, Brantha serratia and Cyperus esculentus grown in polluted and unpolluted soil and to evaluate the potential of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of these plants grown in polluted soil for their ability to bioremediate Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) of naphthalene and acenaphthene (PAHs) were made and added to 500ml Bacteriological agar. 1000 l of bacterial suspensions were spread onto the surface of naphthalene and acenaphthene-based agar plates and incubated for 48h at 37OC. Results showed that Brevibacillus brevis, Brevindimonas versicularis, Vibrio vulnificus, Chryseo indologenes, Micrococcus spp, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas spinosa showed excellent growth in all concentrations in naphthalene based agar medium. However, Micrococcus spp and Pseudomonas spinosa showed limited growth in acenaphthene based agar medium. Amongst all these bacteria tested for their potential in utilizing PAHs, B. brevis, V. vulnificus, C. indologenes, B. stearothermophilus, and P. putida were the most promising for biodegradation of PAHs, since none of them were affected by any change in concentration either in naphthalene or acenaphthene.
