Microbial Interactions with Chemical Water Pollution PDF Download
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Author: Dezider Tóth
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788022400084
Category : Aquatic organisms
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: Dezider Tóth
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788022400084
Category : Aquatic organisms
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: Ajay Kumar
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128232072
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
Microbe Mediated Remediation of Environmental Contaminants presents recent scientific progress in applying microbes for environmental management. The book explores the current existing practical applications and provides information to help readers develop new practices and applications. Edited by recognized leaders in the field, this penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology will be widely welcomed by those working in soil contamination management, agriculture, environment management, soil microbiology, and waste management. The polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes have resulted in serious environmental and social problems around the world, problems which require us to look for solutions elsewhere than established physical and chemical technologies. Often the answer lies in hybrid applications in which microbial methods are combined with physical and chemical ones. When we remember that these highly effective microorganisms, cultured for a variety of applications, are but a tiny fraction of those to be found in the world around us, we realize the vastness of the untapped and beneficial potential of microorganisms. - Explores microbial application redressing for soil and water contamination challenges - Includes information on microbial synthesized nanomaterials for remediation of contaminated soils - Presents a uniquely hybrid approach, combining microbial interactions with other chemical and physical methods
Author: Ralph Mitchell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Author: Dezider Tóth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: M. W. LeChevallier
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390698
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Increasingly, microbial issues are commanding the attention of water treatment operators, regulators, and the media. There are many treatment options to eliminate pathogenic microbes from drinking-water. Finding the right solution for a particular supply requires sifting through a range of sometimes competing processes. Processes for removal of microbes from water include pretreatment, coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and filtration. Pretreatment processes include application of roughing filters, microstrainers, off-stream storage, or bank infiltration, each with a particular function and water quality benefit. Filtration can be accomplished using granular media filters, slow sand, precoat filters, membranes, or other filters. Oxidants may be added to water for a variety of purposes, including control of taste and odor compounds, removal of iron and manganese, Zebra Mussel control, and particle removal, among others. For control of microbes within the distribution system, disinfectants must interact with bacteria growing in pipeline biofilms. Models for removal of particles and microbes by granular media filtration, and equations for predicting microbial inactivation by disinfectants, can aid in the understanding and prediction of the effectiveness of treatment processes for microbial pathogens. Water Treatment and Pathogen Control is intended to provide a critical analysis of the literature on removal and inactivation of pathogenic microbes in water to aid the water quality specialist and design engineer in making important decisions regarding microbial water quality. Contents Introduction Removal Processes Inactivation (Disinfection) Processes Performance Models Treatment Variability Critical Control Strategies Conclusions Reference List
Author: Alexandra LaPat Polasko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
While microorganisms drive nearly all of the Earth's major biogeochemical cycles, a subset of those microorganisms exert a spectrum of deleterious effects on health, environmental, and industrial processes. This broad range of potential benefits and pitfalls, makes it critical to properly characterize and manage this microbial world. This dissertation describes original research on the treatment of contaminated water using biodegradation by bacterial cultures as well as visualizing and quantifying pathogenic biofilms on surfaces.Solvent stabilizers, such as 1,4-dioxane, are frequently detected in water resources and often co-occur with chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). Both classes of trace organic compounds are persistent in the environment and have carcinogenic properties. First, a microbial community comprised of the anaerobic chlorinated ethene-degrading consortium (KB-1) and aerobic bacterial strain, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, was formulated in a defined medium and verified to biodegrade mixtures of chlorinated ethenes and 1,4-dioxane under varying redox conditions. Further, CB1190 was shown to survive 100 continuous days of anaerobic incubation and multiple anaerobic-aerobic cycles. After aeration, it biodegraded 1,4-dioxane rapidly because minimal loss or lag occurred in the induction of the genes, dxmB and aldH, which code for key enzymes in the 1,4-dioxane degradation pathway. While vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) are inhibitors of 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, surprisingly both compounds were degraded by CB1190. Increasing concentrations of VC decreased 1,4-dioxane biodegradation rates, whereas increasing 1,4-dioxane did not have as significant of an effect on VC biodegradation. VC was found to be the strongest inhibitory CVOC with respect to 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, but it was also utilized as a source of carbon and energy to support CB1190's growth. Metabolic flux analyses confirmed that VC-derived intermediates were incorporated into CB1190's central metabolism. A pilot-scale project utilizing in situ aerobic biostimulation and bioaugmentation with CB1190 demonstrated successful removal of CVOCs and 1,4-dioxane from groundwater. Biostimulation (e.g., air sparging) resulted in a significant CVOC removal, but limited 1,4-dioxane removal. When CB1190 culture was added along with air sparging, the concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs, such as cDCE and VC, substantially decreased. This signifies the importance of establishing appropriate microorganisms in the subsurface for the remediation of contaminated environments. Contrastingly, microbial adhesion to medical tubing surfaces is undesirable due to adverse patient health outcomes. To mitigate biofilm formation, polysiloxane materials coated with a hydrophilic, zwitterionic polysulfobetaine polymer were designed. These samples were systematically tested against bacterial and fungal agents in static and flow conditions. Additionally, a non-strain-specific protocol combining four microbiological assays was developed to accurately quantify cellular and extracellular components attached to catheter surfaces. The efficacy of this multipronged approach was demonstrated using four pathogenic, clinical isolates, two types of silicone catheters in vitro, and indwelling patient catheters. A quantitative understanding of microbial interactions with chemicals and materials will be valuable for improved environmental bioremediation systems as well as limiting biofilms on medically relevant surfaces.
Author: Patrick Dugan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
An inter-disciplinary approach to water pollution.
Author: Martin Wagner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319616153
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309449839
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309064325
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLsâ€"produced every five yearsâ€"include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks).
